Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 5.4

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.4.1 1 mythic high λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλο ἐπὶ τῷ Ὀξύλῳ τοιόνδε, ὡς τοὺς παῖδας ὑποπτεύσειε τοῦ Ἀριστομάχου, μὴ τὴν Ἠλείαν τε ἰδόντες ἀγαθὴν οὖσαν καὶ ἐξειργασμένην διὰ πάσης οὐκ ἐθελήσωσιν ἔτι αὐτῷ διδόναι τὴν γῆν, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα διὰ τῶν Ἀρκάδων καὶ οὐ διὰ τῆς Ἠλείας τοῖς Δωριεῦσιν ἡγήσατο. Another story is also told regarding Oxylus, namely that he distrusted the sons of Aristomachus, suspecting that if they saw Elis, fertile and entirely cultivated, they would no longer wish to grant him the land. Relates a legendary story about Oxylus and Aristomachus’ sons, in the mythic settlement tradition of Elis.
5.4.1 2 mythic high Ὀξύλῳ δὲ σπεύσαντι ἀμαχεὶ λαβεῖν τὴν Ἠλείων ἀρχὴν Δῖος οὐκ εἶκε, πρόκλησιν δὲ ἐποιεῖτο μὴ σφᾶς παρασκευῇ τῇ πάσῃ διακινδυνεῦσαι, προκριθῆναι δὲ ἀφʼ ἑκατέρων στρατιώτην ἕνα ἐς τὴν μάχην· For this reason Oxylus guided the Dorians through Arcadia rather than through Elis. Oxylus is a mythic figure in the Dorian return tradition, and the sentence concerns a mythic guide's role in directing the Dorians.
5.4.2 1 historical medium καί πως συνήρεσε ταῦτα ἀμφοτέροις, οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἔργον προταχθέντες Δέγμενός τε Ἠλεῖος ἦν τοξότης καὶ παρὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν Πυραίχμης σφενδόνην δεδιδαγμένος. And somehow these events served the interests of both parties. Those appointed beforehand for the contest were Degmenos, an Elean archer, and Pyraichmes, an Aetolian skilled with the sling. Refers to named contestants and an event in the historical narrative, not mythic material.
5.4.2 2 mythic high κρατήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Πυραίχμου τήν τε βασιλείαν ἔσχεν Ὄξυλος καὶ Ἐπειοὺς τοὺς ἀρχαίους τὰ μὲν ἄλλα εἴασεν ἐπὶ τοῖς αὑτῶν μένειν, συνοίκους δέ σφισι τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς ἐπὶ ἀναδασμῷ τῆς χώρας ἐπεισήγαγε. When Pyraichmes prevailed, Oxylus gained the kingdom; while in all other respects he allowed the original inhabitants, the Epeians, to remain in their positions, he settled the Aetolians among them through a redistribution of the land. Oxylus and the settlement of the Aetolians are part of early legendary ethnogenic narrative rather than post-500 BC history.
5.4.2 3 mythic high καὶ Δίῳ τε ἀπένειμε γέρα καὶ ἥρωσι τοῖς τε ἄλλοις κατὰ τὰ ἀρχαῖα ἐφύλαξε τὰς τιμὰς καὶ Αὐγέᾳ τὰ ἐς τὸν ἐναγισμὸν ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ καθεστηκότα. He assigned honorary rites to Diós, and preserved for the other heroes the ancient honours due to them; indeed, the commemorative rites for Augeas continue to our own day. Refers to heroic figures and their rites, including Augeas, a mythic hero.
5.4.3 1 historical medium λέγεται δὲ ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, ὅσοι τοῦ τείχους οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστήκεσαν, κατελθεῖν ἔπεισεν ἐς τὴν πόλιν καὶ πλήθει τε οἰκητόρων καὶ μείζονα καὶ εὐδαιμονεστέραν ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ἀπέφηνε τὴν Ἦλιν. It is said that he persuaded even the inhabitants from the villages, those which were situated not far from the wall, to move down into the city, thus making Elis both greater in population and larger and wealthier in all respects. Refers to the consolidation and growth of Elis through settlement change, a post-myth civic/historical development.
5.4.3 2 mythic high ἀφίκετο δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκ Δελφῶν χρησμός, τὸν Πελοπίδην ἐπάγεσθαι συνοικιστήν· Indeed, an oracle came to him from Delphi instructing him to bring in a descendant of Pelops as co-founder. A Delphic oracle directing an action belongs to mythic/religious narrative.
5.4.3 3 mythic high Ὄξυλος δὲ τὴν ζήτησιν ἐποιεῖτο σπουδῇ καὶ ἀναζητῶν εὗρεν Ἀγώριον τὸν Δαμασίου τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου, καὶ αὐτόν τε ἐξ Ἑλίκης τῆς Ἀχαιῶν καὶ σὺν τῷ Ἀγωρίῳ μοῖραν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐπηγάγετο οὐ πολλήν. Oxylus eagerly undertook the search, and in seeking he discovered Agorius, son of Damasius, son of Penthilus, son of Orestes; and from Helice of Achaea Oxylus brought Agorius himself, along with a small company of Achaeans. Oxylus and the genealogy back to Orestes place this in the mythic heroic past, not historical narrative.
5.4.4 1 other high τῷ δὲ Ὀξύλῳ Πιερίαν μὲν τῇ γυναικὶ ὄνομα εἶναι λέγουσι, πέρα δὲ τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν οὐ μνημονεύουσιν. They say the name of Oxylus' wife was Pieria, but beyond this they do not mention anything regarding her. Genealogical antiquarian note about Oxylus' wife, with no mythic event or historical event described.
5.4.4 2 mythic high Ὀξύλου δὲ γενέσθαι παῖδάς φασιν Αἰτωλὸν καὶ Λαΐαν· Oxylus is said to have had two sons, Aetolus and Laias. Genealogy of Oxylus' sons Aetolus and Laias is mythic-family tradition.
5.4.4 3 mythic high προαποθανόντος δὲ Αἰτωλοῦ θάπτουσιν αὐτὸν οἱ γονεῖς ἐν αὐτῇ ποιησάμενοι τῇ πύλῃ τὸ μνῆμα, ἥτις ἐπʼ Ὀλυμπίαν καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἄγει τοῦ Διός· Aetolus died before his parents, and they buried him within the very gate that leads towards Olympia and the sanctuary of Zeus, constructing his tomb within it. The sentence narrates the death and burial of Aetolus, a mythic figure, including the resulting tomb placement at a gate.
5.4.4 4 other high ἔθαψαν δὲ αὐτὸν οὕτω κατὰ μαντείαν, ὡς μήτε ἐκτὸς τῆς πόλεως μήτε ἐντὸς γένοιτο ὁ νεκρός. They buried him thus according to an oracle, so that the corpse might be neither outside nor inside the city. Describes burial practice according to an oracle, a ritual/antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
5.4.4 5 mythic high ἐναγίζει δὲ ὁ γυμνασίαρχος ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔτος τῷ Αἰτωλῷ. The Gymnasiarch even in my own time continues to perform annual offerings for Aetolus. Aetolus is a heroic/mythic figure, and the annual offerings preserve a cult practice for him.
5.4.5 1 historical high μετὰ δὲ Ὄξυλον Λαΐας ἔσχεν ὁ Ὀξύλου τὴν ἀρχήν. After Oxylus, Laias, the son of Oxylus, succeeded to the throne. Genealogical succession to a throne is a historical/antiquarian account rather than mythic landscape material.
5.4.5 2 historical medium οὐ μὴν τούς γε ἀπογόνους αὐτοῦ βασιλεύοντας εὕρισκον, καὶ σφᾶς ἐπιστάμενος ὅμως παρίημι· οὐ γάρ τί μοι καταβῆναι τὸν λόγον ἠθέλησα ἐς ἄνδρας ἰδιώτας. However, I did not find any of his descendants continuing as kings; though aware of them, I intentionally pass them over, as I have no wish to descend my narrative to common individuals. Refers to descendants continuing as kings, a dynastic/historical matter after the heroic age rather than mythic narrative.
5.4.5 3 historical high χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Ἴφιτος, γένος μὲν ὢν ἀπὸ Ὀξύλου, ἡλικίαν δὲ κατὰ Λυκοῦργον τὸν γράψαντα Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους, τὸν ἀγῶνα διέθηκεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πανήγυρίν τε Ὀλυμπικὴν αὖθις ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐκεχειρίαν κατεστήσατο, ἐκλιπόντα ἐπὶ χρόνον ὁπόσος δὴ οὗτος ἦν· Much later, Iphitos—a descendant of Oxylus and a contemporary of Lycurgus, who composed the laws for the Spartans—restored the contest at Olympia, renewing from the start the Olympic festival and reestablishing the sacred truce, which had lapsed for a considerable period of time. Iphitos’ restoration of the Olympic contest and truce is a post-mythic, quasi-historical institutional event.
5.4.5 4 other high αἰτίαν δὲ διʼ ἥντινα ἐξέλιπε τὰ Ὀλύμπια, ἐν τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τοῦ λόγου δηλώσω. I will explain the reason why the Olympic games fell into disuse in the section concerning Olympia. Meta-textual route/reference to where he will explain something; not a mythic or historical event itself.
5.4.6 1 historical high τῷ δὲ Ἰφίτῳ, φθειρομένης τότε δὴ μάλιστα τῆς Ἑλλάδος ὑπὸ ἐμφυλίων στάσεων καὶ ὑπὸ νόσου λοιμώδους, ἐπῆλθεν αἰτῆσαι τὸν ἐν Δελφοῖς θεὸν λύσιν τῶν κακῶν· When Greece was then particularly ravaged by civil strife and an epidemic disease, Iphitos resolved to ask the god at Delphi for relief from these evils. Refers to civil strife and a plague in Greece, a historical calamity rather than mythic narrative.
5.4.6 2 historical high καί οἱ προσταχθῆναί φασιν ὑπὸ τῆς Πυθίας ὡς αὐτόν τε Ἴφιτον δέοι καὶ Ἠλείους τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἀγῶνα ἀνανεώσασθαι. The Pythian priestess commanded Iphitos himself, together with the Eleans, to renew the Olympic festival. The Pythia’s command to Iphitos and the Eleans to renew the Olympic festival refers to the historical re-establishment of the games.
5.4.6 3 mythic high ἔπεισε δὲ Ἠλείους Ἴφιτος καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ θύειν, τὸ πρὸ τούτου πολέμιόν σφισιν Ἡρακλέα εἶναι νομίζοντας. Iphitos convinced the Eleans to sacrifice to Heracles, though previously they had regarded Heracles as their enemy. Iphitos persuades the Eleans to honor Heracles, reflecting a mythic cult-legend and the god/hero’s influence on worship.
5.4.6 4 other high τὸν δὲ Ἴφιτον τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ φησὶν Αἴμονος παῖδα εἶναι, Ἑλλήνων δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ Πραξωνίδου καὶ οὐχ Αἴμονος εἶναί φασι· There is an inscription at Olympia which states that Iphitos was a son of Haimon, but most Greeks say that he was the son of Praxonides and not Haimon. An inscriptional variant of genealogy; antiquarian/reporting rather than a mythic or historical event.
5.4.6 5 other high τὰ δὲ Ἠλείων γράμματα ἀρχαῖα ἐς πατέρα ὁμώνυμον ἀνῆγε τὸν Ἴφιτον. However, ancient Elean writings trace Iphitos back to a father of the same name. Antiquarian note about ancient Elean records tracing a genealogy; not itself a mythic or historical event.
5.4.7 1 historical high Ἠλείοις δὲ μέτεστι μὲν πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ, μέτεστι δὲ καὶ ἔργων τῶν κατὰ τὴν Μήδων ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἔφοδον. The Eleans took part both in the Trojan War and in the later struggle of the Greeks against the Persian invasion. Mentions the Persian invasion of Greece, a historical event after 500 BC.
5.4.7 2 historical high ὑπερβάντων δὲ ὅσοι σφίσιν ἐγένοντο κίνδυνοι πρὸς Πισαίους τε καὶ Ἀρκάδας ὑπὲρ τῆς διαθέσεως τοῦ ἀγῶνος τοῦ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, συν ες έβαλον μὲν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἀκουσίως ἐς τὴν Ἀθηναίων, συνέστησαν δὲ μετὰ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους Μαντινεῦσιν ὁμοῦ καὶ Ἀργείοις, ἐπαγόμενοι καὶ τὸ Ἀττικὸν ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν. After overcoming the many dangers they faced from the Pisatans and Arcadians concerning the administration of the Olympic festival, they unintentionally sided with Sparta against Athens, but soon thereafter allied themselves with the Mantineans and Argives against the Spartans, even drawing Athens into this alliance. Refers to alliances and conflicts among Greek states in the historical period, including Sparta, Athens, Mantineans, Argives, and Olympic administration.
5.4.8 1 historical high κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἄγιδος ἐπιστρατείαν ἐς τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν προδοσίαν τὴν Ξενίου μάχῃ μὲν περὶ Ὀλυμπίαν νικῶσιν οἱ Ἠλεῖοι καὶ τροπὴν ἐργασάμενοι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐκ τοῦ περιβόλου σφᾶς ἐξήλασαν τοῦ ἱεροῦ· During the military expedition of Agis into their territory and the treachery of Xenias, the Eleans prevailed in battle around Olympia, defeating the Lacedaemonians and driving them in flight from the sacred precinct. Refers to Agis’ campaign and a battle involving Lacedaemonians, which is a post-500 BC historical event.
5.4.8 2 historical high χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐπαύθη σφίσιν ὁ πόλεμος κατὰ τὰς συνθήκας ἃς ἐγὼ πρότερον ἔτι ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐδήλωσα. Afterward, within a period of time, the war was ended according to the terms of the treaty which I previously explained in my account of the Lacedaemonians. Refers to the end of a war by treaty, an explicitly historical event.
5.4.9 1 historical high Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ Ἀμύντου οὐκ ἐθέλοντος ἀποσχέσθαι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, προσεχώρησαν μὲν ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν τῶν Μακεδόνων οἱ Ἠλεῖοι στάσει κακωθέντες ὑπὸ ἀλλήλων, μαχεσθῆναι δὲ οὐχ ὑπέμειναν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐναντία ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ· When Philip, son of Amyntas, was unwilling to abstain from involvement in Greece, the Eleans, weakened by internal strife among themselves, joined the alliance of the Macedonians; yet they did not endure taking the field against the Greeks at Chaeronea. Refers to Philip II and the Battle of Chaeronea, an event of 338 BC.
5.4.9 2 historical high τῆς δὲ ἐφόδου Φιλίππῳ τῆς ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μετέσχον κατὰ ἔχθος ἐς αὐτοὺς τὸ ἀρχαῖον, But when Philip advanced against the Lacedaemonians, they participated in the campaign due to their ancient hostility towards them. Refers to Philip’s campaign against the Lacedaemonians, a post-500 BC historical event.
5.4.9 3 historical high ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Μακεδόσι καὶ Ἀντιπάτρῳ μετὰ Ἑλλήνων ἐπολέμησαν. After Alexander's death, they fought alongside the Greeks against the Macedonians and Antipater. Refers to events after Alexander's death and conflict involving Macedonians and Antipater, which are historical.