Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 7.1

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.1.1 1 other high ἡ δὲ τῆς Ἠλείας μέση καὶ Σικυωνίας, καθήκουσα μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν πρὸς ἕω θάλασσαν, Ἀχαΐαν δὲ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔχουσα ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνοικούντων, αὐτή τε Αἰγιαλὸς τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ οἱ νεμόμενοι τὴν γῆν ἐκαλοῦντο Αἰγιαλεῖς. The region situated between Elis and Sicyonia, stretching down towards the eastern sea and known in our time as Achaia from its current inhabitants, was in ancient times called Aigialos, and those who lived there were called Aigialeis. Purely geographical and antiquarian identification of the region and its ancient name.
7.1.1 2 mythic medium λόγῳ μὲν τῷ Σικυωνίων ἀπὸ Αἰγιαλέως βασιλεύσαντος ἐν τῇ νῦν Σικυωνίᾳ, εἰσὶ δὲ οἵ φασιν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας, εἶναι γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ αὐτῆς αἰγιαλόν. According to the Sicyonian tradition, this name is derived from Aigialeus, who once ruled the territory now known as Sicyonia; but others claim the name comes from the nature of the country itself, since the greater part of it lies along the coast. Derives the place-name from Aigialeus, a traditional early ruler; this is antiquarian mythic etymology rather than historical narrative.
7.1.2 1 mythic high χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἀποθανόντος Ἕλληνος Ξοῦθον οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἕλληνος παῖδες διώκουσιν ἐκ Θεσσαλίας, ἐπενεγκόντες αἰτίαν ὡς ἰδίᾳ χρήματα ὑφελόμενος ἔχοι τῶν πατρῴων· Later, after Hellen had died, Xuthus was driven out of Thessaly by the remaining sons of Hellen, who brought the charge against him that he had secretly stolen and kept part of their father's property for himself. This is a mythic genealogy involving Hellen and his sons, recounting legendary displacement rather than historical events.
7.1.2 2 mythic high ὁ δὲ ἐς Ἀθήνας φυγὼν θυγατέρα Ἐρεχθέως ἠξιώθη λαβεῖν καὶ παῖδας Ἀχαιὸν καὶ Ἴωνα ἔσχεν ἐξ αὐτῆς. Fleeing to Athens, he was deemed worthy to marry a daughter of Erechtheus, and by her he had sons, Achaeus and Ion. This is a mythic genealogical episode: a figure flees to Athens, marries Erechtheus' daughter, and begets Achaeus and Ion.
7.1.2 3 mythic high ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἐρεχθέως τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ δικαστὴς Ξοῦθος ἐγένετο ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ---ἔγνω γὰρ τὸν πρεσβύτατον Κέκροπα βασιλέα εἶναι---οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἐρεχθέως παῖδες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς χώρας αὐτόν· Upon Erechtheus' death, Xuthus served as judge among Erechtheus' sons regarding the kingship, and—because he awarded the throne to Cecrops, the eldest—the other sons of Erechtheus drove him from the land. The sentence recounts the mythic aftermath of Erechtheus’ death and the succession dispute among his sons.
7.1.3 1 mythic high ἀφικομένῳ δὲ ἐς τὸν Αἰγιαλὸν καὶ οἰκήσαντι αὐτῷ μὲν ἐγένετο ἐνταῦθα ἡ τελευτή. When he had arrived in Aigialos and settled there, he himself came to his end in that place. Describes a mythic figure’s arrival, settlement, and death in a named place, i.e. a mythic event affecting the landscape.
7.1.3 2 mythic high τῶν δέ οἱ παίδων Ἀχαιὸς μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Αἰγιαλοῦ παραλαβὼν καὶ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐπικούρους κατῆλθεν ἐς Θεσσαλίαν καὶ ἔσχε τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχήν. Of his sons, Achaios departed from Aigialos, and having gathered allies from Athens, went down into Thessaly and took possession of his ancestral domain. Genealogical/heroic migration and taking ancestral rule belong to mythic narrative.
7.1.3 3 mythic high Ἴωνι δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς Αἰγιαλεῖς στρατιὰν καὶ ἐπὶ Σελινοῦντα τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν ἀθροίζοντι ἀγγέλους ἔπεμπεν ὁ Σελινοῦς, τὴν θυγατέρα Ἑλίκην, ἣ μόνη οἱ παῖς ἦν, γυναῖκα αὐτῷ διδοὺς καὶ αὐτὸν Ἴωνα ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ παῖδα ποιούμενος. Ion, meanwhile, was mustering an army against the people of Aigialos and their king Selinous; but Selinous sent envoys to him, offering his daughter Helice, who was his only child, as wife, and adopting Ion himself as son and successor to his throne. Ion, Aigialos, Selinous, and Helice belong to legendary genealogy and succession narrative, not post-500 BC history.
7.1.4 1 mythic high καί πως ταῦτα τῷ Ἴωνι ἐγένετο οὐκ ἄπο γνώμης, καὶ τῶν Αἰγιαλέων τὴν ἀρχὴν Ἴων ἔσχεν ἀποθανόντος Σελινοῦντος, καὶ Ἑλίκην τε ἀπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ᾤκισεν ἐν τῷ Αἰγιαλῷ πόλιν καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκάλεσεν Ἴωνας ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ. In some way these things befell Ion not without divine purpose; upon the death of Selinous, Ion received the kingship of the Aigialeis. Ion and the kingship of the Aigialeis are part of mythic genealogy and foundation narrative.
7.1.4 2 other high τοῦτο οὐ μεταβολὴ τοῦ ὀνόματος, προσθήκη δέ σφισιν ἐγένετο· He founded a city in the region of Aigialos and named it Helice after his wife, and from himself he called the people Ionians. This is an explanatory note about naming, not a mythic event or a historical event.
7.1.4 3 other high Αἰγιαλεῖς γὰρ ἐκαλοῦντο Ἴωνες. This did not constitute a change of name, rather it was an addition to the existing one; for the inhabitants came to be called Ionian Aigialeis. Purely antiquarian/ethnographic note about a people's name; no mythic or historical event.
7.1.4 4 other high τῇ χώρᾳ δὲ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον διέμεινεν ὄνομα τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς· Nevertheless, the original name endured even more strongly in the land itself. Describes the persistence of an original place-name in the landscape, not a mythic or historical event.
7.1.4 5 other high Ὁμήρῳ γοῦν ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἐξήρκεσε τὸ ἀρχαῖον δηλῶσαι τῆς γῆς ὄνομα· Indeed, for Homer, in his catalogue of those accompanying Agamemnon, it was sufficient to indicate the ancient name of this land: "Throughout all Aigialos and around spacious Helice." A literary reference to Homer’s catalog and an ancient place-name; it is antiquarian/descriptive rather than an event.
7.1.4 6 mythic high Αἰγιαλόν τʼ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφʼ Ἑλίκην εὐρεῖαν. (Homer, Iliad 2.575) The sentence cites Homeric epic about Helike, so it belongs to the mythic literary world rather than historical or descriptive prose.
7.1.5 1 mythic high τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἴωνος βασιλείας πολεμησάντων Ἀθηναίοις Ἐλευσινίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων Ἴωνα ἐπαγαγομένων ἐπὶ ἡγεμονίᾳ τοῦ πολέμου, At this time during the reign of Ion, when war erupted between the people of Eleusis and the Athenians, the Athenians summoned Ion himself to be their leader in the conflict. Mentions the reign of Ion and a war involving early legendary Athenians and Eleusinians, placing it in mythic/legendary time.
7.1.5 2 mythic high τὸν μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ τὸ χρεὼν ἐπιλαμβάνει, καὶ Ἴωνος ἐν τῷ δήμῳ μνῆμα τῷ Ποταμίων ἐστίν· Fate overtook Ion while still in Attica, and his tomb is located within the deme Potamoi. Ion is a mythic figure; the sentence concerns his death and tomb, which belong to mythic narrative and its landscape trace.
7.1.5 3 mythic high οἱ δὲ ἀπόγονοι τοῦ Ἴωνος τὸ Ἰώνων ἔσχον κράτος, ἐς ὃ ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἐξέπεσον καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ δῆμος. The descendants of Ion ruled over the Ionians until such time as they and their people were expelled by the Achaeans. Genealogical descent from Ion and the Achaean expulsion belong to legendary Greek ethnic history.
7.1.5 4 mythic high τοῖς δὲ Ἀχαιοῖς τηνικαῦτα ὑπῆρξε καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐξεληλάσθαι· The Achaeans themselves had previously been driven from Lacedaemon and Argos by the Dorians. The Dorians driving the Achaeans from Lacedaemon and Argos is a mythic ethnic migration tradition tied to legendary early Greek history.
7.1.6 1 mythic high τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἴωνας καὶ Ἀχαιούς, ὁπόσα ἐπράχθη σφίσιν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους, ἐπέξεισιν αὐτίκα ὁ λόγος μοι προδιηγησαμένῳ καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν τοῖς Λακεδαίμονα οἰκοῦσι καὶ Ἄργος πρὸ τῆς τῶν Δωριέων καθόδου μόνοις Πελοποννησίων ὑπῆρξεν Ἀχαιοῖς καλεῖσθαι. Concerning the Ionians and the Achaeans, whatever actions these peoples undertook against each other, my narrative will promptly set forth after I have first explained for what reason only those who dwelt in Lacedaemon and Argos among all the peoples of the Peloponnese were called Achaeans prior to the Dorian invasion. Refers to the period before the Dorian invasion and explains an ethnonym in mythic/prehistoric tradition rather than a historical event.
7.1.6 2 mythic high Ἄρχανδρος Ἀχαιοῦ καὶ Ἀρχιτέλης ἐς Ἄργος ἀφίκοντο ἐκ τῆς Φθιώτιδος, ἐλθόντες δὲ ἐγένοντο Δαναοῦ γαμβροί, καὶ Αὐτομάτην μὲν Ἀρχιτέλης, Σκαιὰν δὲ ἔλαβεν Ἄρχανδρος. Archander and Architeles, sons of Achaeus, came to Argos from Phthiotis; once arrived, they became sons-in-law of Danaus, Architeles marrying Automate and Archander taking Scaea as his wife. Genealogical myth involving Danaus and his daughters/sons-in-law; an etiological mythic origin story.
7.1.6 3 historical medium δηλοῦσι δὲ ἐν Ἄργει καταμείναντες οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐν τῷδε· Μετανάστην γὰρ τῷ παιδὶ ὄνομα ἔθετο Ἄρχανδρος. That they settled permanently in Argos is shown most clearly by the following evidence: Archander gave his son the name Metanastes ("immigrant"). Explains a family naming practice as evidence for settlement in Argos; this is antiquarian/historical rather than mythic.
7.1.7 1 mythic high δυνηθέντων δὲ ἔν τε Ἄργει καὶ Λακεδαίμονι τῶν Ἀχαιοῦ παίδων, τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐνταῦθα ἐξενίκησεν Ἀχαιοὺς κληθῆναι· When the sons of Achaeus prevailed in Argos and Lacedaemon, the people living there came to be called Achaeans. Refers to the legendary sons of Achaeus and the origin of the Achaeans' name, a mythic etiology.
7.1.7 2 other high τοῦτο μέν σφισιν ὄνομα ἦν ἐν κοινῷ, Δαναοὶ δὲ Ἀργείοις ἰδίᾳ. This was their common name, though the Argives also kept the special name of Danaans. A naming/antiquarian note about κοινὸν and ἴδιον names, not a mythic or historical event.
7.1.7 3 mythic high τότε δὲ ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐκπεπτωκότες ἔκ τε Ἄργους καὶ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο Ἴωσιν αὐτοί τε καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Τισαμενὸς ὁ Ὀρέστου γενέσθαι σύνοικοί σφισιν ἄνευ πολέμου· Later, driven out from Argos and Lacedaemon by the Dorians, they and their king, Tisamenus, son of Orestes, sent envoys to the Ionians, asking that they might be allowed to settle among them peacefully. Explains a post-Mycenaean legendary migration caused by the Dorians and involving Tisamenus, son of Orestes.
7.1.7 4 historical high τῶν δὲ Ἰώνων τοὺς βασιλέας ὑπῄει δέος, μὴ Ἀχαιῶν ἀναμιχθέντων αὐτοῖς Τισαμενὸν ἐν κοινῷ βασιλέα ἕλωνται κατά τε ἀνδραγαθίαν καὶ γένους δόξαν. But fear seized the kings of the Ionians, lest, if the Achaeans were admitted among them, the Ionians might choose Tisamenus as their common king because of his bravery and illustrious ancestry. Refers to Tisamenus and the Ionian kings in a post-mythic political context, not a landscape myth or description.
7.1.8 1 mythic high Ἰώνων δὲ οὐ προσεμένων τοὺς Ἀχαιῶν λόγους ἀλλὰ ἐπεξελθόντων σὺν ὅπλοις, Τισαμενὸς μὲν ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, Ἴωνας δὲ Ἀχαιοὶ κρατήσαντες ἐπολιόρκουν καταπεφευγότας ἐς Ἑλίκην καὶ ὕστερον ἀφιᾶσιν ἀπελθεῖν ὑποσπόνδους. When the Ionians disregarded the overtures made by the Achaeans and marched out against them in battle, Tisamenus fell fighting, but the Achaeans overcame the Ionians and besieged them after they had fled into Helice, later allowing them to depart under terms of truce. Describes a legendary conflict involving Tisamenus and the Ionians, with the siege of Helice as an aftermath of mythic-era events.
7.1.8 2 historical high Τισαμενοῦ δὲ τὸν νεκρὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἐν Ἑλίκῃ θαψάντων, ὕστερον χρόνῳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς σφισιν ἀνειπόντος χρηστηρίου κομίζουσι τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐς Σπάρτην, καὶ ἦν καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι αὐτῷ τάφος, ἔνθα τὰ δεῖπνα Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐστὶ τὰ Φειδίτια καλούμενα. After the Achaeans had buried the corpse of Tisamenus at Helice, at a later time the Lacedaemonians carried his bones to Sparta in accordance with an oracle delivered to them at Delphi. Describes the later relocation of Tisamenus' bones by the Lacedaemonians in response to an oracle, a post-500 BC historical cultic event.
7.1.9 1 mythic high Ἴωνας δὲ ἀφικομένους ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν Μέλανθος Ἀνδροπόμπου συνοίκους ἐξεδέξαντο Ἴωνός τε δὴ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων ἃ ἔπραξε πολεμαρχῶν Ἀθηναίοις· When the Ionians came into Attica, the Athenians and their king Melanthus, son of Andropompus, received them as fellow-inhabitants, both for the sake of Ion himself and in recognition of deeds he had performed as leader of the Athenians in war. Refers to Ion, a mythic figure, and his arrival in Attica with Melanthus.
7.1.9 2 historical medium λέγεται δὲ ὡς ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ ποιούμενοι τοὺς Δωριέας οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, μὴ οὐδὲ αὐτῶν ἐθέλωσιν ἀπέχεσθαι, ἰσχύος μᾶλλον οἰκείας ἕνεκα ἢ εὐνοίᾳ τῇ ἐς τοὺς Ἴωνας συνοίκους σφᾶς ἐδέξαντο. It is said, however, that the Athenians acted more from consideration of their own strength than from goodwill toward their Ionian fellow-inhabitants, suspecting that the Dorians might be unwilling to refrain even from attacking them. Refers to the Athenians and Dorians in a political-military context, not a mythic event; it concerns historical motives and inter-Greek relations.