Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 7.22

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.22.1 1 historical high Φαραὶ δέ, Ἀχαιῶν πόλις, τελοῦσι μὲν ἐς Πάτρας δόντος Αὐγούστου, ὁδὸς δὲ ἐς Φαρὰς Πατρέων μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἄστεως στάδιοι πεντήκοντά εἰσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ θαλάσσης δὲ ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα. Pharae, a city of the Achaeans, belongs administratively to Patrae by decree of Augustus. Administrative change by decree of Augustus is a post-500 BC historical event.
7.22.1 2 other high ποταμὸς δὲ ῥεῖ πλησίον Φαρῶν Πίερος, ὁ αὐτὸς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὃς καὶ τὰ Ὠλένου παρέξεισιν ἐρείπια, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων τῶν πρὸς θαλάσσῃ καλούμενος Πεῖρος. From the city of Patrae to Pharae is one hundred and fifty stades, and from the sea inland towards the mainland about seventy stades. Purely geographical description of a river and local naming; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.1 3 other high πρὸς δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ πλατάνων ἐστὶν ἄλσος, κοῖλαί τε ὑπὸ παλαιότητος αἱ πολλαὶ καὶ ἥκουσαι μεγέθους ἐς τοσοῦτο ὥστε καὶ ἑστιῶνται τῶν χηραμῶν ἐντός, καὶ ὁπόσοις ἂν κατὰ γνώμην ᾖ, καὶ ἐγκαθεύδουσι. Near Pharae flows the river Pierus, which, in my opinion, is the same river that passes by the ruins of Olenos, called Peirus by those living along the coast. Describes a river, grove, and the size/condition of the plane trees; purely geographical and descriptive.
7.22.2 1 other high περίβολος δὲ ἀγορᾶς μέγας κατὰ τρόπον τὸν ἀρχαιότερόν ἐστιν ἐν Φαραῖς, In Pharae there is a large enclosure for the marketplace in the old style. Purely descriptive note about the marketplace enclosure in Pharae; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.2 2 other high Ἑρμοῦ δὲ ἐν μέσῃ τῇ ἀγορᾷ λίθου πεποιημένον ἄγαλμα ἔχον καὶ γένεια· ἑστηκὼς δὲ πρὸς αὐτῇ τῇ γῇ παρέχεται μὲν τὸ τετράγωνον σχῆμα, μεγέθει δέ ἐστιν οὐ μέγας. In the middle of the market square is a stone statue of Hermes, having a beard; this statue stands directly on the ground, rectangular in shape and not very large. Purely descriptive notice of a statue in the marketplace, with no mythic or historical event.
7.22.2 3 other high καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἔπεστιν, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτὸ Μεσσήνιον Σιμύλον· Upon it is an inscription stating that it was dedicated by Simylus the Messenian. An inscription identifying a dedicant is antiquarian/descriptive material, not a mythic or historical event.
7.22.2 4 other high καλεῖται μὲν δὴ Ἀγοραῖος, παρὰ δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ χρηστήριον καθέστηκε. The statue is called Hermes Agoraios, and beside it an oracle has been established. Describes a cult statue and an oracle location, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
7.22.2 5 other high κεῖται δὲ πρὸ τοῦ ἀγάλματος ἑστία, λίθου καὶ αὐτή, μολίβδῳ δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἑστίαν προσέχονται λύχνοι χαλκοῖ. In front of the statue lies a hearth, itself also made of stone, and bronze lamps are attached to it with lead. Purely descriptive notice of cultic furnishings in front of a statue; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.3 1 other high ἀφικόμενος οὖν περὶ ἑσπέραν ὁ τῷ θεῷ χρώμενος λιβανωτόν τε ἐπὶ τῆς ἑστίας θυμιᾷ καὶ ἐμπλήσας τοὺς λύχνους ἐλαίου καὶ ἐξάψας τίθησιν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τοῦ ἀγάλματος ἐν δεξιᾷ νόμισμα ἐπιχώριον--- καλεῖται δὲ χαλκοῦς τὸ νόμισμα--- Arriving around evening, the inquirer of the god burns incense upon the hearth, fills the lamps with oil, lights them, and places a local coin—called a chalkous—in the right hand upon the altar of the statue. Ritual procedure and local antiquarian detail; no mythic or historical event is described.
7.22.3 2 other high καὶ ἐρωτᾷ πρὸς τὸ οὖς τὸν θεὸν ὁποῖόν τι καὶ ἑκάστῳ τὸ ἐρώτημά ἐστι. He then whispers at the god’s ear whatever question each has in mind. Describes a ritual action at an oracle, not a mythic event or later historical event.
7.22.3 3 other high τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἄπεισιν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐπιφραξάμενος τὰ ὦτα· After this, he departs from the marketplace, covering his ears completely. A simple action description of leaving the marketplace and covering his ears; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.3 4 mythic high προελθὼν δὲ ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τὰς χεῖρας ἀπέσχεν ἀπὸ τῶν ὤτων, καὶ ἧστινος ἂν ἐπακούσῃ φωνῆς, μάντευμα ἡγεῖται. Having gone forth beyond it, he removes his hands from his ears, and the first voice he overhears he considers as the god’s oracle. Describes a divinatory oracle procedure attributed to a god, which belongs to mythic-religious practice rather than historical narrative.
7.22.4 1 other high τοιαύτη καὶ Αἰγυπτίοις ἑτέρα περὶ τοῦ Ἄπιδος τὸ ἱερὸν μαντεία καθέστηκεν· A similar mode of divination concerning Apis has also been established among the Egyptians. Describes an Egyptian practice of divination concerning Apis; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
7.22.4 2 mythic high ἐν Φαραῖς δὲ καὶ ὕδωρ ἱερόν ἐστι τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ· Ἑρμοῦ νᾶμα μὲν τῇ πηγῇ τὸ ὄνομα, τοὺς δὲ ἰχθῦς οὐχ αἱροῦσιν ἐξ αὐτῆς, ἀνάθημα εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ νομίζοντες. At Pharae, there is sacred water associated with Hermes; it is called the Spring of Hermes, and no one catches the fish from it, for they consider these dedicated to the god. Sacred spring and fish dedicated to Hermes reflect a cultic feature tied to a god, not a historical event.
7.22.4 3 other high ἑστήκασι δὲ ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀγάλματος τετράγωνοι λίθοι τριάκοντα μάλιστα ἀριθμόν· τούτους σέβουσιν οἱ Φαρεῖς, ἑκάστῳ θεοῦ τινὸς ὄνομα ἐπιλέγοντες. Near the statue stand about thirty square stones; these the people of Pharae reverence, giving each one the name of a particular deity. Describes cultic/geographical features near a statue and local reverence, not a mythic or historical event.
7.22.4 4 other high τὰ δὲ ἔτι παλαιότερα καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι τιμὰς θεῶν ἀντὶ ἀγαλμάτων εἶχον ἀργοὶ λίθοι. Indeed, in older times, all Greeks originally paid their honors to the gods with simple, unworked stones instead of statues. General antiquarian description of early Greek cult practice, not a specific mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.22.5 1 other high Φαρεῦσι δὲ ὅσον πέντε σταδίους καὶ δέκα ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν ἄλσος Διοσκούρων. About fifteen stades beyond the city of Pharae there is a grove sacred to the Dioscuri. Purely geographical route description locating a grove near Pharae; no event is narrated.
7.22.5 2 historical medium δάφναι μάλιστα ἐν αὐτῷ πεφύκασι, ναὸς δὲ οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτῷ οὐδὲ ἀγάλματα· κομισθῆναι δὲ οἱ ἐπιχώριοί φασιν ἐς Ῥώμην τὰ ἀγάλματα. Laurels especially grow there; but in it there was neither temple nor images, since, according to the local inhabitants, the statues had been carried away to Rome. The carrying off of statues to Rome is a historical-era event affecting the sanctuary's remains.
7.22.5 3 other high ἐν Φαραῖς δὲ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει βωμὸς λίθων λογάδων ἐστί. In Pharae, within this grove, there is an altar built of selected stones. Purely descriptive note about a grove and an altar made of selected stones; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.5 4 mythic medium πυθέσθαι δὲ οὐκ εἶχον εἰ ὁ Φάρης ὁ Φυλοδαμείας τῆς Δαναοῦ σφισιν ἢ ὁμώνυμος ἐκείνῳ τις ἐγένετο οἰκιστής. But I was unable to ascertain whether the founder was Pharis, son of Phylodameia, daughter of Danaus, or another of the same name. The sentence concerns a founder identified through Danaus and Phylodameia, placing the origin in mythic genealogy rather than historical narrative.
7.22.6 1 historical medium Τρίτεια δέ, Ἀχαιῶν καὶ αὕτη πόλις, ἐν μεσογαίῳ μὲν ᾤκισται, τελοῦσι δὲ ἐς Πάτρας καὶ αὐτοὶ βασιλέως δόντος· Triteia is also a city of the Achaeans; though situated inland, its people likewise pay tribute to Patrae, by royal decree. Describes a city’s political/administrative status and tribute arrangement under a royal decree, which is historical rather than mythic.
7.22.6 2 other high στάδιοι δὲ ἐς Τρίτειαν εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν εἰσιν ἐκ Φαρῶν. From Pharae to Triteia is one hundred and twenty stadia. A route-distance statement between places; purely geographical/descriptive.
7.22.6 3 historical high πρὶν δὲ ἢ ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἐσελθεῖν, μνῆμά ἐστι λευκοῦ λίθου, θέας καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ἄξιον καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπὶ ταῖς γραφαῖς αἵ εἰσιν ἐπὶ τοῦ τάφου, τέχνη Νικίου · Before entering the city there is a tomb constructed of white marble, remarkable for many reasons, but especially for the paintings on it, done by Nicias himself. Describes a tomb and its painted decoration by Nicias, an identifiable post-mythic monument and artistic work.
7.22.6 4 other high θρόνος τε ἐλέφαντος καὶ γυνὴ νέα καὶ εἴδους εὖ ἔχουσα ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ, θεράπαινα δὲ αὐτῇ προσέστηκε σκιάδιον φέρουσα· Depicted there is an ivory throne and upon it a young woman of exceptional beauty; beside her stands a servant-girl carrying a sunshade. Purely descriptive depiction of a throne, woman, and servant-girl; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.7 1 other high καὶ νεανίσκος ὀρθὸς οὐκ ἔχων πω γένειά ἐστι χιτῶνα ἐνδεδυκὼς καὶ χλαμύδα ἐπὶ τῷ χιτῶνι φοινικῆν· There is also an upright figure of a youth, still beardless, who wears a tunic and over it a crimson cloak. Purely descriptive identification of a statue/figure's appearance, with no mythic or historical event.
7.22.7 2 other high παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν οἰκέτης ἀκόντια ἔχων ἐστὶ καὶ ἄγει κύνας ἐπιτηδείας θηρεύουσιν ἀνθρώποις. Beside him stands a servant carrying hunting spears and leading dogs suitable for men's hunting pursuits. Purely descriptive detail about a servant, weapons, and hunting dogs; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.7 3 other high πυθέσθαι μὲν δὴ τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν οὐκ εἴχομεν· ταφῆναι δὲ ἄνδρα καὶ γυναῖκα ἐν κοινῷ παρίστατο ἅπασιν εἰκάζειν. We were not able to discover their names, but it appeared clear to everyone that a man and a woman were buried together in a common tomb. Describes an observed burial and lack of names; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
7.22.8 1 historical medium Τριτείας δὲ οἰκιστὴν οἱ μὲν Κελβίδαν γενέσθαι λέγουσιν, ἀφικόμενον δὲ ἐκ Κύμης τῆς ἐν Ὀπικοῖς· Concerning the foundation of Triteia, some people say that it was founded by Celbidas, who arrived from Cumae in Opicia; Foundation-story about an oikist arriving from Cumae; this is a post-mythic civic origin tradition rather than landscape geography.
7.22.8 2 mythic high οἱ δὲ ὡς Ἄρης συγγένοιτο Τριτείᾳ θυγατρὶ Τρίτωνος, ἱερᾶσθαι δὲ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὴν παρθένον, Μελάνιππον δὲ παῖδα Ἄρεως καὶ Τριτείας οἰκίσαι τε ὡς ηὐξήθη τὴν πόλιν καὶ θέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς μητρός. but others say that Ares had intercourse with Triteia, daughter of Triton, who was a priestess of Athena, and that Melanippus, the son of Ares and Triteia, established the city after it had grown in population, and named it after his mother. Explains a founding legend involving Ares, Triteia, and Melanippus naming the city after his mother.
7.22.9 1 other high ἐν Τριτείᾳ δὲ ἔστι μὲν ἱερὸν καλουμένων Μεγίστων θεῶν, ἀγάλματα δέ σφισι πηλοῦ πεποιημένα· τούτοις κατὰ ἔτος ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν, οὐδέν τι ἀλλοίως ἢ καὶ τῷ Διονύσῳ δρῶσιν Ἕλληνες. In Triteia there is a sanctuary of the gods called the Greatest Gods, whose images are made of clay; annually, the inhabitants hold a festival for them, celebrated exactly as the Greeks honor Dionysus. Describes a sanctuary, cult images, and annual festival practice rather than a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.22.9 2 historical medium ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ναός, τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα λίθου τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν· τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον ἐς Ῥώμην, καθὰ οἱ Τριταιεῖς λέγουσιν, ἐκομίσθη. There is also a temple of Athena; her statue in our time is of stone, but the ancient one was taken off to Rome, as the people of Triteia say. Describes a later historical removal of the ancient statue to Rome and the temple’s current state.
7.22.9 3 other high θύειν δὲ οἱ ἐνταῦθα καὶ Ἄρει καὶ τῇ Τριτείᾳ νομίζουσιν. The local custom here is also to offer sacrifices to Ares and to Triteia herself. Describes a local cultic custom of sacrifice, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
7.22.10 1 other high αἵδε μὲν οὖν θαλάσσης τέ εἰσιν ἀπωτέρω πόλεις καὶ ἠπειρώτιδες βεβαίως· These cities, then, lie inland away from the sea and are firmly situated on the mainland. Purely geographical description of cities’ inland location and mainland setting.
7.22.10 2 other high πλέοντι δὲ ἐς Αἴγιον ἐκ Πατρῶν ἄκρα πρῶτόν ἐστιν ὀνομαζομένη Ῥίον, σταδίους δὲ Πατρῶν πεντήκοντα ἀπέχουσα, λιμὴν δὲ ὁ Πάνορμος σταδίοις πέντε καὶ δέκα ἀπωτέρω τῆς ἄκρας. Sailing from Patrae towards Aigion, one first encounters the promontory named Rhion, at a distance of fifty stades from Patrae. Purely geographical and navigational description of coastline, promontory, and distances.
7.22.10 3 other high τοσούτους δὲ ἀφέστηκεν ἑτέρους ἀπὸ Πανόρμου τὸ Ἀθηνᾶς καλούμενον τεῖχος. Fifteen stades further than this promontory lies the harbor called Panormus, and at an equal distance again from Panormus is the place known as the Wall of Athena. Purely geographical route description giving distances between coastal landmarks.
7.22.10 4 other high ἐς δὲ λιμένα Ἐρινεὸν ἐξ Ἀθηνᾶς τείχους παράπλους ἐνενήκοντά εἰσι στάδιοι, ἑξήκοντα δὲ ἐς Αἴγιον ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἐρινεοῦ· Sailing from the Wall of Athena to the harbor Erineus is a voyage of ninety stades, and from Erineus to Aigion it is sixty stades. Purely geographical route information giving sailing distances between places.
7.22.10 5 other high ὁδὸς δὲ ἡ πεζὴ σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα μάλιστα ἐς τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀποδεῖ τὸν εἰρημένον. The land route falls short of that number by roughly forty stades. Purely geographical/route measurement; no mythic or historical event.
7.22.11 1 other high οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Πατρέων ἄστεως ποταμός τε ὁ Μείλιχος καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Τρικλαρίας ἐν ὧ ἐστίν, ἄγαλμα οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔχον. Not far from the city of Patrae is the river Meilichos and the sanctuary of Triklaria, which no longer has any statue within it. Purely topographical description of a river and sanctuary near Patrae; no mythic or historical event is being narrated.
7.22.11 2 other high τοῦτο μὲν δή ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ, This sanctuary lies on the right hand. Purely topographical description of the sanctuary's position on the right hand.
7.22.11 3 other high προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μειλίχου ποταμός ἐστιν ἄλλος· ὄνομα μὲν τῷ ποταμῷ Χάραδρος, After passing beyond the Meilichos, there is another stream, called the Charadrus. Purely geographical route description naming a stream.
7.22.11 4 other high ὥρᾳ δὲ ἦρος πίνοντα ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὰ βοσκήματα ὀφείλει τίκτειν ἄρρενα ὡς τὰ πλείω συμβαίνει, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα οἱ νομεῖς ἑτέρωσε αὐτὰ τῆς χώρας μεθιστᾶσι πλήν γε δὴ τὰς βοῦς· ταύτας δὲ αὐτοῦ καταλείπουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ, διότι καὶ πρὸς θυσίας οἱ ταῦροί σφισι καὶ ἐς τὰ ἔργα ἐπιτηδειότεροι θηλειῶν βοῶν εἰσιν, In the season of spring, herds drinking from this river generally produce male offspring; on this account, indeed, the shepherds move their flocks elsewhere into another region—except for their cows, which they leave near the river, since bulls are more suitable both for sacrifices and for labor than cows. Descriptive explanation of local animal husbandry and river effects, not a mythic or historical event.
7.22.11 5 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις κτήνεσι τὸ θῆλυ ἐπὶ πλέον τετίμηται. But among other kinds of livestock, female animals are generally regarded as more valuable. A general descriptive remark about livestock, not a mythic or historical event.