Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 7.25

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.25.1 1 mythic high τὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἱκεσίου μήνιμα πάρεστι μὲν τοῖς ἐς τὴν Ἑλίκην, πάρεστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις διδαχθῆναι πολλοῖς ὡς ἔστιν ἀπαραίτητον. The wrath of Hikesios serves as a lesson, both for the people of Helice and for many others as well, highlighting that it cannot be averted. Refers to the wrath of Hikesios as a divine/mythic force and its lesson for Helice.
7.25.1 2 mythic high φαίνεται δὲ καὶ ὁ θεὸς παραινῶν ὁ ἐν Δωδώνῃ νέμειν ἐς ἱκέτας αἰδῶ. Indeed, even the god of Dodona appears to advise reverence towards suppliants. Refers to the god at Dodona speaking/advising, a divine oracular figure within mythic religious context.
7.25.1 3 mythic medium Ἀθηναίοις γὰρ ἐπὶ ἡλικίας μάλιστα τῆς Ἀφείδαντος ἀφίκετο παρὰ τοῦ ἐν Δωδώνῃ Διὸς τὰ ἔπη τάδε. For during the time of Apheidas, the Athenians received the following oracle from Zeus at Dodona: An oracle from Zeus at Dodona belongs to mythic/religious tradition rather than historical event.
7.25.1 4 mythic high φράζεο δʼ Ἄρειόν τε πάγον βωμούς τε θυώδεις Εὐμενίδων, ὅθι χρὴ Λακεδαιμονίους σʼ ἱκετεῦσαι δουρὶ πιεζομένους. Consider the Areios Pagos and the fragrant altars of the Eumenides, where you must accept the Lacedaemonians when, oppressed by the spear, they seek your mercy as suppliants. Refers to the Areios Pagos and altars of the Eumenides, both tied to mythic/religious landscape traditions.
7.25.1 5 other high τοὺς μὴ σὺ κτεῖνε σιδήρῳ, μηδʼ ἱκέτας ἀδικεῖν. Do not slay them with iron, nor wrong those who take refuge. A general injunction about not killing suppliants; ethical and descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
7.25.1 6 other high ἱκέται δʼ ἱεροί τε καὶ ἁγνοί. For suppliants are both sacred and pure. A general descriptive statement about suppliants and ritual purity, not a mythic event or historical event.
7.25.2 1 historical high ταῦτα Ἕλλησιν ἦλθεν ἐς μνήμην, ὅτε ἀφίκοντο ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας Πελοποννήσιοι, τότε Κόδρου τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις τοῦ Μελάνθου βασιλεύοντος. These events came to the memory of the Greeks when the Peloponnesians marched against Athens during Codrus, son of Melanthus, who was then king of the Athenians. Refers to the Peloponnesian attack on Athens in Codrus' reign, a semi-legendary/early historical civic event tied to a later past, not a landscape feature.
7.25.2 2 mythic high ὁ μὲν δὴ ἄλλος στρατὸς τῶν Πελοποννησίων ἀπεχώρησεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ἐπειδὴ ἐπύθοντο τοῦ Κόδρου τὴν τελευτὴν καὶ ὅντινα ἐγένετο αὐτῷ τρόπον· οὐ γὰρ εἶναι νίκην ἔτι σφίσι κατὰ τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν μάντευμα ἤλπιζον· Now the main part of the Peloponnesian army withdrew from Attica upon learning of Codrus's death and the manner in which it had occurred; for they no longer hoped for victory, according to the oracle which had come from Delphi. Mentions Codrus, a legendary king, and Delphi's oracle affecting the withdrawal of the Peloponnesian army.
7.25.2 3 historical high Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἄνδρες γενόμενοι μὲν ἐντὸς τείχους λανθάνουσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτί, ἅμα δὲ ἡμέρᾳ τούς τε ἑαυτῶν ἀπεληλυθότας αἰσθάνονται καὶ ἀθροιζομένων ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τῶν Ἀθηναίων καταφεύγουσιν ἐς τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν αἳ Σεμναὶ καλοῦνται τοὺς βωμούς. But some of the Lacedaemonians, who had entered secretly inside the city walls by night, only at daybreak became aware that their own forces had departed; and noticing the Athenians gathering against them, they fled for refuge to the Areopagus and to the altars of the goddesses whom they call Semnai. Describes a specific wartime episode involving Spartans and Athenians, a post-500 BC historical event.
7.25.3 1 historical high Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ τότε μὲν διδόασι τοῖς ἱκέταις ἀπελθεῖν ἀζημίοις, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον αὐτοὶ οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἀρχὰς διέφθειραν τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱκέτας τῶν Κύλωνι ὁμοῦ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν κατειληφότων· The Athenians at that time permitted the suppliants to depart without harm. Refers to the Athenians' treatment of Cylon's suppliants, a historical tradition/event.
7.25.3 2 historical high καὶ αὐτοί τε οἱ ἀποκτείναντες ἐνομίσθησαν καὶ οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνων ἐναγεῖς τῆς θεοῦ. But later, those who held power themselves slew suppliants of Athena, who had seized and held the Acropolis together with Cylon. Refers to Cylon and later killing of Athena's suppliants, a post-500 BC historical pollution event affecting the city.
7.25.3 3 historical high Λακεδαιμονίοις δέ, ἀποκτείνασι καὶ τούτοις ἄνδρας ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν καταπεφευγότας τὸ ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος, οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἐσείσθη σφίσιν ἡ πόλις συνεχεῖ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἰσχυρῷ τῷ σεισμῷ, ὥστε οἰκίαν μηδεμίαν τῶν ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ἀντισχεῖν. Both those who carried out the killings and their descendants were regarded as polluted in the sight of the goddess. Describes the aftermath of killings and an earthquake affecting Sparta, a post-mythic historical event and its landscape impact.
7.25.4 1 historical high ἐγένετο δὲ τῆς Ἑλίκης ἀπώλεια Ἀστείου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἔτι ἄρχοντος, τετάρτῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πρώτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκατόν, ἣν Δάμων Θούριος ἐνίκα τὸ πρῶτον. The destruction of Helice took place when Asteius was still archon at Athens, in the fourth year of the hundred and first Olympiad, in which Damon of Thurii won for the first time. Dates the destruction of Helice to an archon year and Olympiad, a historical event.
7.25.4 2 historical high Ἑλικαέων δὲ οὐκέτι ὄντων νέμονται τὴν χώραν οἱ Αἰγιεῖς. Since the inhabitants of Helice no longer existed, the Aegians occupied their territory. Describes later occupation of territory after Helice no longer existed, an aftermath of a historical event.
7.25.5 1 other high μετὰ δὲ Ἑλίκην ἀποτραπήσῃ τε ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἐς δεξιὰν καὶ ἥξεις ἐς πόλισμα Κερύνειαν· After Helice you will turn away from the sea to the right, and you will come to the town of Ceryneia. A route/directional description to the town of Ceryneia; purely geographical and not mythic or historical.
7.25.5 2 other high ᾤκισται δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον ἐν ὄρει, καί οἱ τὸ ὄνομα ἢ δυνάστης ἐπιχώριος ἢ ὁ Κερυνίτης ποταμὸς πεποίηκεν, ὃς ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας καὶ ὄρους Κερυνείας ῥέων Ἀχαιοὺς τοὺς ταύτῃ παρέξεισι. It was built above the highway on a mountain, and took its name either from a local ruler or from the river Cerynites, which flows down from Arcadia and Mount Ceryneia and passes out through the territory of the Achaeans here. Purely geographical and explanatory: location, naming origin, and river course.
7.25.5 3 historical medium παρὰ τούτους σύνοικοι Μυκηναῖοι κατὰ συμφορὰν ἀφίκοντο ἐκ τῆς Ἀργολίδος. Living alongside the inhabitants there are some Mycenaeans, who came here because of a disaster which drove them from Argolis. Refers to Mycenaeans settling there after a disaster from Argolis, an event of historical migration rather than myth.
7.25.5 4 historical medium Μυκηναίοις μὲν γὰρ τὸ μὲν τεῖχος ἁλῶναι κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν οὐκ ἐδύνατο ὑπὸ Ἀργείων, ἐτετείχιστο γὰρ κατὰ ταὐτὰ The Argives, having been unable to seize the wall of Mycenae in its strongest parts—for it was fortified in the same manner— Refers to the Argives attacking the wall of Mycenae, a post-Mycenaean historical event rather than a mythic episode.
7.25.6 1 historical high τῷ ἐν Τίρυνθι ὑπὸ τῶν Κυκλώπων καλουμένων, κατὰ ἀνάγκην δὲ ἐκλείπουσι Μυκηναῖοι τὴν πόλιν ἐπιλειπόντων σφᾶς τῶν σιτίων, καὶ ἄλλοι μέν τινες ἐς Κλεωνὰς ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν, τοῦ δήμου δὲ πλέον μὲν ἥμισυ ἐς Μακεδονίαν καταφεύγουσι παρὰ Ἀλέξανδρον, ᾧ Μαρδόνιος ὁ Γωβρύου τὴν ἀγγελίαν ἐπίστευσεν ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἀπαγγεῖλαι· Because they were compelled by necessity, when provisions failed, the Mycenaeans abandoned the city built in Tiryns by those called Cyclopes, and some withdrew to Cleonae, while more than half of the populace sought refuge in Macedonia with Alexander, whom Mardonius, son of Gobryas, had trusted to carry his message to the Athenians. Describes the Persian Wars aftermath and the Mycenaeans' refuge with Alexander during Mardonius' campaign, a post-500 BC historical event.
7.25.6 2 historical medium ὁ δὲ ἄλλος δῆμος ἀφίκοντο ἐς τὴν Κερύνειαν, καὶ δυνατωτέρα τε ἡ Κερύνεια οἰκητόρων πλήθει καὶ ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα ἐγένετο ἐπιφανεστέρα διὰ τὴν συνοίκησιν τῶν Μυκηναίων. The rest of the people came to Ceryneia, and through this cohabitation with the Mycenaeans, Ceryneia thereafter grew in both population and importance. Describes a settlement and later increase in population/importance from cohabitation, i.e. a post-mythic historical development of a place.
7.25.7 1 mythic high ἐν Κερυνείᾳ δὲ ἱερόν ἐστιν Εὐμενίδων· In Ceryneia there is a sanctuary of the Eumenides. A sanctuary of the Eumenides is tied to mythic divinities.
7.25.7 2 mythic high ἱδρύσασθαι δὲ αὐτὸ Ὀρέστην λέγουσιν. They say that Orestes founded it. Orestes is a heroic mythic figure, and the sentence describes a foundation attributed to him.
7.25.7 3 other high ὃς δʼ ἂν ἐνταῦθα ἢ αἵματι ἢ ἄλλῳ τῳ μιάσματι ἔνοχος ἢ καὶ ἀσεβὴς ἐσέλθῃ θέλων θεάσασθαι, αὐτίκα λέγεται δείμασιν ἐκτὸς τῶν φρενῶν γίνεσθαι· Anyone who enters this place either stained by blood or by another kind of defilement, or even who is impious and yet desires to look upon it, is immediately said to be driven out of his senses by terrors. This is a descriptive cultic/ritual notice about pollution and impious entry, not a mythic tale or a post-500 BC historical event.
7.25.7 4 other high καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα οὐ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἡ ἔσοδος οὐδὲ ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἐστι. For this reason, entrance is not permitted to everyone, nor casually. This is a descriptive note about restricted access, not a mythic or historical event.
7.25.7 5 other high τοῖς μὲν δὴ ἀγάλμασι ξύλων εἰργασμένοις μέγεθός εἰσιν οὐ μεγάλοι, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἔσοδον ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν γυναικῶν εἰκόνες λίθου τέ εἰσιν εἰργασμέναι καὶ ἔχουσαι τέχνης εὖ· The statues, which are of wood, are not large in size, but at the entrance to the sanctuary there are images of women carved from stone and skillfully crafted. Purely descriptive of sanctuary statues and their materials/style; no mythic or historical event.
7.25.7 6 mythic medium ἐλέγοντο δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἱέρειαι ταῖς Εὐμενίσιν αἱ γυναῖκες γενέσθαι. The locals say that these women were priestesses of the Eumenides. Priestesses of the Eumenides concerns cult attached to mythic divinities and their local worship.
7.25.8 1 other high ἐκ Κερυνείας δὲ ἐπανελθόντι ἐς τὴν λεωφόρον καὶ ὁδεύσαντι οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ δεύτερα ἔστιν ἐς Βοῦραν ἀποτραπέσθαι· Returning from Ceryneia to the main road and travelling a short distance along it, one may take another turning towards Boura. Pure route guidance giving directions between places, with no mythic or historical event.
7.25.8 2 other high θαλάσσης δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ καὶ ἡ Βοῦρα ἐν ὄρει κεῖται. The sea is to the right, while Boura itself lies upon a mountain. Purely geographic description of the sea and the town's mountainous location.
7.25.8 3 mythic high τεθῆναι δέ φασι τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ γυναικὸς Βούρας, θυγατέρα δʼ αὐτὴν Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου καὶ Ἑλίκης εἶναι. They say that the city took its name from Boura, a woman who was the daughter of Ion son of Xuthus and of Helice. The city's naming is traced to Boura, a figure in a mythic genealogy (daughter of Ion and Helice).
7.25.8 4 mythic high ὅτε δὲ Ἑλίκην ἐποίησεν ἄδηλον ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ὁ θεός, τότε καὶ τὴν Βοῦραν σεισμὸς ἐπέλαβεν ἰσχυρός, ὡς μηδὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς ὑπολειφθῆναι τὰ ἀρχαῖα. When the god rendered Helice invisible to human sight, Boura too was visited by a vehement earthquake, such that not even the ancient statues within the sanctuaries were preserved. The sentence attributes Helice's destruction and Boura's earthquake to the god, treating the earthquake as a divine/mythic event affecting the landscape.
7.25.9 1 historical high ὁπόσοι δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἀποδημοῦντες ἢ στρατείας ἕνεκα ἔτυχον ἢ κατὰ πρόφασιν ἀλλοίαν, μόνοι τε οὗτοι Βουρέων ἐλείφθησαν καὶ αὐτοὶ τῆς Βούρας ἐγένοντο οἰκισταί. But all those inhabitants who were at that time abroad, either serving in war or for some other reason, were the only ones who survived among the people of Boura, and these became themselves the founders of the new city of Boura. Refers to the destruction and re-founding of Boura by its surviving inhabitants, a post-500 BC historical civic event.
7.25.9 2 other high ναὸς ἐνταῦθα Δήμητρος, ὁ δὲ Ἀφροδίτης Διονύσου τέ ἐστι, καὶ ἄλλος Εἰλειθυίας· Here there is a temple of Demeter, and another one sacred to Aphrodite and Dionysus, and yet another dedicated to Eileithyia. Purely descriptive listing of temples and cults; no mythic or historical event.
7.25.9 3 other high λίθου τοῦ Πεντελησίου τὰ ἀγάλματα, Ἀθηναίου δὲ ἔργα Εὐκλείδου · καὶ τῇ Δήμητρί ἐστιν ἐσθής. Their images are made of Pentelic marble, the work of the Athenian artist Eucleides; Demeter's image is adorned with clothing. Describes the material and adornment of cult statues, not a mythic or historical event.
7.25.9 4 other high πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Ἴσιδι ἱερόν. A sanctuary has also been built here for Isis. Describes a sanctuary being built for Isis; this is descriptive/antiquarian rather than mythic or historical narrative.
7.25.10 1 other high καταβάντων δὲ ἐκ Βούρας ὡς ἐπὶ θάλασσαν ποταμός τε Βουραϊκὸς ὀνομαζόμενος καὶ Ἡρακλῆς οὐ μέγας ἐστὶν ἐν σπηλαίῳ· When one descends from Boura toward the sea, there is a river called the Bouraïkos, and close by it a small statue of Heracles located within a cave. Purely geographic/directional description of a river and cave statue; no mythic event or historical event is described.
7.25.10 2 other high ἐπίκλησις μὲν καὶ τούτου Βουραϊκός, μαντείας δὲ ἐπὶ πίνακί τε καὶ ἀστραγάλοις ἔστι λαβεῖν . This Heracles is also surnamed Bouraïkos, and here one can receive oracular answers by means of a tablet and dice. Describes a cultic oracular practice and local epithet, not a mythic event or historical event.
7.25.10 3 other high εὔχεται μὲν γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ ἀγάλματος ὁ τῷ θεῷ χρώμενος, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ εὐχῇ λαβὼν ἀστραγάλους ---οἱ δὲ ἄφθονοι παρὰ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ κεῖνται---τέσσαρας ἀφίησιν ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης· The person consulting the god first prays before the statue, and after prayer takes up four dice—an abundant supply of these lies ready beside Heracles—and casts them upon a table. Describes a cult ritual and shrine practice, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.25.10 4 other high ἐπὶ δὲ παντὶ ἀστραγάλου σχήματι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι ἐπίτηδες ἐξήγησιν ἔχει τοῦ σχήματος. For each combination turning up on the dice, there is set forth upon a special tablet the interpretation of that particular form. Describes an antiquarian object and its explanatory tablet, not a mythic or historical event.
7.25.11 1 other high σταδίων ἐπὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ὡς τριάκοντα ἐξ Ἑλίκης ὁδὸς ἡ εὐθεῖά ἐστι. The straight road from Helice to the sanctuary of Heracles is about thirty stadia. Purely geographical route description giving distance from Helice to Heracles' sanctuary.
7.25.11 2 other high προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ποταμὸς ἐς θάλασσαν ἐκδίδωσιν ἀέναος ἐξ ὄρους Ἀρκαδικοῦ κατερχόμενος, When one proceeds beyond the sanctuary of Heracles, a perennial river flows from an Arcadian mountain down to the sea. Purely geographical route description of a river's course, with no mythic or historical event.
7.25.11 3 other high ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ τε καὶ τῷ ποταμῷ Κρᾶθις καὶ ἔνθα αἱ πηγαὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῷ ὄρει· The name of both the river and the mountain where the river has its springs is Crathis. Purely identifies the river and mountain by name and location of the springs; no mythic or historical event.
7.25.11 4 other high ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς Κράθιδος καὶ πρὸς Κρότωνι τῇ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ὄνομα ἔσχηκε. From this Crathis the river near Croton in Italy also derived its name. A geographic etymology for a river name; no mythic or historical event.
7.25.12 1 other high πρὸς δὲ τῇ Ἀχαϊκῇ Κράθιδι Ἀχαιῶν ποτε ᾠκεῖτο Αἰγαὶ πόλις· ἐκλειφθῆναι δὲ αὐτὴν ἀνὰ χρόνον ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας λέγουσι. Beside the Achaian Krathis once stood the Achaian city of Aegae; it is said to have gradually become deserted through weakness. A geographic/historical note about the location and later desertion of a city, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical episode.
7.25.12 2 mythic high τούτων δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος τῶν Αἰγῶν ἐν Ἥρας λόγοις ἐποιήσατο μνήμην, οἱ δέ τοι εἰς Ἑλίκην τε καὶ Αἰγὰς δῶρʼ ἀνάγουσι, Hom. Il. 8.203 δῆλον ὡς γέρα τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἐπʼ ἴσης ἔν τε Ἑλίκῃ καὶ ἐν ταῖς Αἰγαῖς ἔχοντος. Homer, too, made mention of this Aegae in his account of Hera, saying: "they bring gifts to Helice and Aegae," clearly indicating that Poseidon enjoyed equal honors in both Helice and Aegae. Refers to Homer and Poseidon/Hera cult honors in a mythic poetic account, not a later historical event.
7.25.13 1 other high οὐ πολὺ δὲ ἀπωτέρω Κράθιδος σῆμά τε ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ ἄνδρα εὑρήσεις ἐπὶ τῷ μνήματι ἵππῳ παρεστῶτα, ἀμυδρὰν γραφήν. Not far beyond the Krathis river, you will find on the right side of the road a tomb and, depicted upon the monument, a man standing beside a horse, though the painting is faint. A route description locating a tomb by the Krathis river; purely topographical and descriptive.
7.25.13 2 other high ὁδὸς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ τάφου σταδίων ὅσον τριάκοντα ἐπὶ τὸν καλούμενον Γαῖον· The road from the tomb continues about thirty stades to the place called Gaios. Pure route description giving distance from the tomb to a named place.
7.25.13 3 other high Γῆς δὲ ἱερόν ἐστιν ὁ Γαῖος ἐπίκλησιν Εὐρυστέρνου, ξόανον δὲ τοῖς μάλιστα ὁμοίως ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖον. This Gaios is a sanctuary of Earth, with the surname Eurysternos; the wooden cult-image here is ancient indeed and exceptionally similar to the oldest representations. Describes a sanctuary and ancient cult image, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
7.25.13 4 other high γυνὴ δὲ ἡ ἀεὶ τὴν ἱερωσύνην λαμβάνουσα ἁγιστεύει μὲν τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τὰ πρότερα ἔσται πλέον ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐς πεῖραν ἀφιγμένη. The woman who at any time receives the priesthood must remain chaste thereafter, nor may she, even previously, have had relations with more than one man. A priestly purity rule; antiquarian/religious regulation, not a mythic or historical event.
7.25.13 5 other high πίνουσαι δὲ αἷμα ταύρου δοκιμάζονται· ἣ δʼ ἂν αὐτῶν τύχῃ μὴ ἀληθεύουσα, αὐτίκα ἐκ τούτου τὴν δίκην ἔσχεν. They test the women by making them drink the blood of a bull; if any one of them is found to be untruthful, she immediately suffers punishment because of it. Describes a ritual test and punishment practice, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.25.13 6 other high ἢν δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀφίκωνται γυναῖκες ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν πλέονες, ἡ τῷ κλήρῳ λαχοῦσα προτετίμηται. Should several women present themselves as claimants for the priesthood, precedence is given to the one chosen by lot. Describes a priesthood selection rule by lot; administrative and descriptive, not mythic or historical event.