Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 7.9

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.9.1 1 historical high τότε δὲ τῷ Μετέλλῳ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ πρεσβείᾳ μὴ ὑπεριδεῖν Λακεδαιμονίων ἤρεσε καὶ Ἀχαιῶν, τοὺς δὲ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντας ἐς τὸ συνέδριον ἠξίουν συγκαλέσαι τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς, ἵνα ἐν κοινῷ διδάξωσιν αὐτοὺς ἠπιώτερον μεταχειρίζεσθαι τὰ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι. At this point, Metellus and his fellow ambassadors urged the Achaeans not to disregard the Lacedaemonians, and it seemed good to them that those who currently held office should convene the Achaeans in council, so that they might publicly instruct them to deal more gently with matters relating to Sparta. Refers to Metellus and Achaean/Spartan political dealings, which are historical events and institutions.
7.9.1 2 historical high οἱ δέ σφισιν ἀπεκρίναντο μήτε ἐκείνοις Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς σύλλογον μήτε ἄλλῳ συνάξειν, ὅστις μὴ ἐπὶ τῷ πράγματι ἐφʼ ὅτῳ ποιεῖται τὴν πρόσοδον παρὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς ἔχει δόγμα. However, those officials replied to them that they would call the Achaeans together neither for them nor for anyone else, unless that person held a decree from the Roman Senate authorizing the very matter for which he requested the assembly. Refers to Roman Senate authorization and assembly procedure, a post-500 BC historical context.
7.9.1 3 historical high Μέτελλος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν περιυβρίσθαι νομίζοντες, ἐπειδὴ ἀφίκοντο ἐς Ῥώμην, πολλὰ ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ οὐ τὰ πάντα ἀληθῆ κατηγόρουν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν. Metellus and his associates, believing themselves outraged by the Achaeans, when they arrived in Rome made numerous accusations against the Achaeans in the Senate, not all of which were truthful. Refers to Metellus, the Achaean affair, and accusations made in the Roman Senate—an ঘটনা in the historical period.
7.9.2 1 historical high τούτων δὲ πλείονα ἐνεκάλουν Ἀχαιοῖς Ἀρεὺς καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδας, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν καὶ δόκιμοι τὰ μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς οὐ δίκαιοι· Areus and Alcibiades brought many charges against the Achaeans, asserting that although they were Spartans and particularly distinguished among the citizens in Sparta, they had been treated unjustly by the Achaeans. Refers to Areus and Alcibiades and their political dispute with the Achaeans, an event in the historical period.
7.9.2 2 historical high γενομένους γὰρ ὑπὸ Νάβιδος φυγάδας ὑπεδέξαντο αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ ἀποθανόντος Νάβιδος παρὰ γνώμην Λακεδαιμονίων τοῦ δήμου κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην. For when these men had become exiles due to Nabis, the Achaeans had received them and, upon the death of Nabis, had restored the common people to Sparta against the wishes of the Lacedaemonians. Refers to Nabis, the Achaean League, and the restoration of Sparta’s populace after a historical death.
7.9.2 3 historical high τότε οὖν ἀναβεβηκότες καὶ οὗτοι παρὰ τὴν βουλὴν προθυμότατα ἐνέκειντο Ἀχαιοῖς· Therefore, once returned and having secured high positions contrary to the will of the council, they pursued their enmity against the Achaeans most zealously. Refers to political actors, council, and conflict with the Achaeans; this is post-mythic historical material.
7.9.2 4 historical high Ἀχαιοὶ δέ σφισιν ἀπελθοῦσιν ἐπιβάλλουσιν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ θάνατον ζημίαν. The Achaeans, however, after they had departed, sentenced them in an assembly to the penalty of death. Refers to the Achaeans sentencing people in an assembly, a political/historical action rather than myth.
7.9.3 1 historical high Ῥωμαίων δὲ ἡ βουλὴ πέμπουσιν ἄλλους τε ἄνδρας καὶ Ἄππιον Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς τὰ δίκαια ὁρίσαι. The Roman senate sent certain men, including Appius, to define what was just for the Lacedaemonians and Achaeans. Refers to a Roman senatorial mission and Appius in a historical diplomatic context.
7.9.3 2 historical medium Ἄππιος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἔμελλον μὲν οὐδὲ ὀφθέντες Ἀχαιοῖς ἔσεσθαι καθʼ ἡδονήν, οἳ Ἀρέα καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδαν ἅμʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπήγοντο ἐν τῷ τότε Ἀχαιοῖς ἐχθίστους· Appius and those with him were bound to be displeasing to the Achaeans even before they appeared; for with them they brought Areus and Alcibiades, who at that time were thoroughly hateful to the Achaeans. Refers to Appius, Areus, and Alcibiades in a political-historical context, not mythic or purely descriptive.
7.9.3 3 historical high ἐλύπησαν δὲ καὶ ἐς πλέον τοὺς Ἀχαιούς, ἐπειδὴ ἐς τὸν σύλλογον αὐτῶν ἐπελθόντες σὺν ὀργῇ μᾶλλον ἐποιοῦντο ἢ πειθοῖ τοὺς λόγους. They caused the Achaeans even greater irritation by attending their assembly and conducting their discourse harshly and with anger rather than persuasion. Refers to conduct at an Achaean assembly, a historical political event rather than myth.
7.9.4 1 historical high Λυκόρτας δὲ ὁ Μεγαλοπολίτης, οὔτε ἀξιώματι οὐδενὸς Ἀρκάδων ὕστερος καί τι καὶ φρόνημα κατὰ φιλίαν προσειληφὼς τὴν Φιλοποίμενος, λόγῳ τε ἀπέφαινε τὰ ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν δίκαια καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς λόγοις καὶ μέμψιν τινὰ ὑπέτεινεν ἐς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους. Lycortas of Megalopolis, inferior to none of the Arcadians in dignity and having inherited from his friendship with Philopoemen a certain proud spirit, argued in a speech the justice of the Achaean cause, and within the same speech he also expressed some reproach against the Romans. Refers to Lycortas, Philopoemen, the Achaeans, and the Romans—post-classical historical actors and events.
7.9.4 2 historical high Ἄππιος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ Λυκόρταν λέγοντα ἐποιοῦντο ἐν χλευασμῷ καὶ Ἀρέως ἀποψηφίζονται καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδα μηδὲν ἀδίκημα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς εἶναι, Λακεδαιμονίοις τε ἀποστεῖλαι πρέσβεις ἐφιᾶσιν ἐς Ῥώμην, ἐναντία ἐφιέντες ἢ Ῥωμαίοις συγκείμενα ἦν καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς· Ἀχαιῶν μὲν γὰρ εἴρητο ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ παρὰ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλὴν ἀπιέναι πρέσβεις, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἀπείρητο μὴ πρεσβεύεσθαι τὰς πόλεις ὅσαι συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν μετεῖχον. Appius and those with him mocked Lycortas while he spoke, acquitted Areus and Alkibiadas of committing any injustice toward the Achaeans, and allowed the Lacedaemonians to send delegates to Rome, issuing a decision entirely opposite to the arrangements agreed upon by the Romans and the Achaeans; for it had been stipulated by the general accord of the Achaeans that envoys should proceed to the senate of Rome solely from their federal body, whereas it was forbidden for individual cities that were participants in the Achaean assembly to send embassies of their own. Refers to Achaean, Roman, and Lacedaemonian diplomatic actions in the historical period, not mythic material.
7.9.5 1 historical high ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ λόγων ῥηθέντων ὑπὸ ἀμφοτέρων ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς, τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν αὖθις οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι Λακεδαιμονίοις γενέσθαι καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς δικαστάς, Ἄππιον καὶ ὅσοι σὺν ἐκείνῳ πρότερον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀφίκοντο. After the Achaeans also sent envoys to the Lacedaemonians, and speeches from both parties had been delivered before the council, the Romans dispatched again to the Lacedaemonians and the Achaeans the same arbitrators as before—Appius and those who had previously come with him to Greece. Describes Roman and Achaean diplomatic arbitration in a datable historical context, not myth or geography.
7.9.5 2 historical high οἱ δὲ τούς τε ἐκβληθέντας ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην καὶ ὅσων πρὸ κρίσεως ἀπελθόντων κατέγνωστο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἀδικεῖν, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις τιμήματα ἔλυσαν· καὶ συντελείας μὲν Λακεδαιμονίους τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν οὐκ ἀφιᾶσι, περὶ δὲ τῇ ἑκάστου ψυχῇ ξενικά σφισι διδόασιν εἶναι δικαστήρια, ὅσα δὲ ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα, λαμβάνειν τε αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀχαϊκῷ ὑπέχειν τὰς κρίσεις. They restored to Sparta both those who had been expelled by the Achaeans and those who, having left before their trial, had been condemned by the Achaeans in their absence, and they annulled the penalties imposed upon these men; they did not, however, exempt the Lacedaemonians from contributing to the Achaean League, but they allowed them external courts of law to adjudicate matters involving capital charges, whereas in all other accusations the Lacedaemonians were still to undergo trials in the Achaean courts. Describes political/legal arrangements involving Sparta and the Achaean League, which are post-500 BC historical events.
7.9.5 3 historical high ἐτειχίσθη δὲ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὖθις Σπαρτιάταις ὁ κύκλος τοῦ ἄστεως. Moreover, the Spartans rebuilt from its very foundations the wall encircling the city. Describes a Spartan rebuilding of the city wall, an event tied to historical activity rather than myth.
7.9.6 1 historical high Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ οἱ κατελθόντες, βουλεύοντες παντοῖα ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοῖς, λυπήσειν σφᾶς ἐπὶ τοιῷδε μάλιστα ἤλπιζον. When the Lacedaemonians came down, planning various schemes against the Achaeans, they believed that they would particularly distress them by the following means. Refers to a political/military action involving Lacedaemonians and Achaeans, an event in historical time.
7.9.6 2 historical high Μεσσηνίους τοὺς Φιλοποίμενι θανάτου συναιτίους γενέσθαι νομισθέντας καὶ κατὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἐκπεπτωκότας, τούτους τε καὶ Ἀχαιῶν αὐτῶν τοὺς φεύγοντας ἀναβῆναι πείθουσιν ἐς Ῥώμην· They persuaded certain Messenians, who were held responsible for the death of Philopoemen and had consequently been banished by the Achaeans on this charge, along with exiled Achaeans themselves, to journey to Rome. Refers to Philopoemen, an Achaean historical figure, and political exile/removal to Rome after his death.
7.9.6 3 historical low σὺν δέ σφισιν ἀνεληλυθότες καὶ αὐτοὶ γενέσθαι τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἔπρασσον κάθοδον. The Lacedaemonians accompanied these men themselves, advocating for their restoration. Refers to the Lacedaemonians advocating for the men's restoration, a historical/political action rather than myth or geography.
7.9.6 4 historical high ἅτε δὲ τοῦ Ἀππίου Λακεδαιμονίοις συμπροθυμουμένου μεγάλως, Ἀχαιοῖς δὲ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἀντιβαίνοντος, ἔμελλεν οὐ χαλεπῶς Μεσσηνίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν τοῖς φεύγουσι τὰ βουλεύματα ἐς δέον χωρήσειν· Moreover, since Appius was vigorously supportive of the Lacedaemonians and opposed the Achaeans in every matter, the petitions of the Messenians and exiled Achaeans seemed likely to succeed without difficulty. Refers to Appius and political petitions involving Messenians and Achaeans, a post-500 BC historical matter.
7.9.6 5 historical high γράμματά τε αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς ἔς τε Ἀθήνας κατεπέμπετο καὶ ἐς Αἰτωλίαν κατάγειν σφᾶς Μεσσηνίους καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα. Indeed, letters from the Roman senate were immediately dispatched to Athens and Aetolia, instructing them to reinstate the Messenians and Achaean exiles to their homes. Refers to Roman senate action and the return of exiles, a post-Classical historical event.
7.9.7 1 historical high τοῦτο Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἠνίασεν, ὡς οὔτε ἄλλως πάσχοντας δίκαια ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καὶ ἐς τὸ ἀνωφελὲς προϋπηργμένων σφίσιν ἐς αὐτούς, οἳ ἐπὶ τὰ Φιλίππου καὶ Αἰτωλῶν ἐναντία καὶ αὖθις Ἀντιόχου στρατεύσαντες χάριτι τῇ ἐς Ῥωμαίους ἐγίνοντο ὕστεροι φυγάδων ἀνθρώπων καὶ οὐ καθαρῶν χεῖρας· This caused extreme distress to the Achaeans, since they felt they were unjustly treated by the Romans—though they had previously rendered assistance to them without gaining any benefit for themselves; for having campaigned first against Philip and the Aetolians, and again later against Antiochus, in loyalty toward Rome, they now found themselves subordinated to fugitives and men whose hands were unclean. Refers to Roman dealings with the Achaeans and campaigns against Philip, the Aetolians, and Antiochus; this is post-500 BC historical material.
7.9.7 2 other high ὅμως δὲ εἴκειν σφίσιν ἐδόκει. Nevertheless, they decided it prudent to yield. A brief explanatory remark about a decision; no mythic or historical event.