Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.24.1 | 1 | mythic | high | Ψωφῖδος δὲ οἱ μέν φασιν οἰκιστὴν γενέσθαι Ψώφιδα τὸν Ἄρρωνος τοῦ Ἐρυμάνθου τοῦ Ἀρίστα τοῦ Παρθάονος τοῦ Περιφήτου τοῦ Νυκτίμου· | Concerning Psophis, some say that its founder was Psophis, the son of Arrhon, son of Erymanthus, son of Aristus, son of Parthaon, son of Periphetes, son of Nyctimus; | A founder genealogy tracing Psophis to Nyctimus is mythic foundation tradition. |
| 8.24.1 | 2 | mythic | high | τοῖς δέ ἐστιν εἰρημένα θυγατέρα Ψωφῖδα εἶναι Ξάνθου τοῦ Ἐρυμάνθου τοῦ Ἀρκάδος. | others have said that Psophis was the daughter of Xanthus, the son of Erymanthus, son of Arcas. | Genealogical claim about Psophis as daughter of mythic figures Xanthus, Erymanthus, and Arcas. |
| 8.24.1 | 3 | other | high | τάδε μὲν οὖν οὕτω κατὰ τὴν Ἀρκάδων ἐς τοὺς βασιλέας ἔχει μνήμην· | Such, then, is the tradition preserved among the Arcadians concerning their kings. | Meta-text about Arcadian tradition concerning kings; no specific mythic or historical event. |
| 8.24.2 | 1 | mythic | high | ὁ δὲ ἀληθέστατος τῶν λόγων ἐστὶν Ἔρυκος τοῦ ἐν Σικανίᾳ δυναστεύσαντος παῖδα εἶναι τὴν Ψωφῖδα, ᾗ συγγενόμενος Ἡρακλῆς ἀγαγέσθαι μὲν αὐτὴν ἐς τὸν οἶκον οὐκ ἠξίου, καταλείπει δὲ ἔχουσαν ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ παρὰ Λυκόρτᾳ, ξένῳ μὲν ὄντι αὐτοῦ, παροικοῦντι δὲ ἐν πόλει Φηγίᾳ, πρὸ δὲ τοῦ Φηγέως τῆς βασιλείας Ἐρυμάνθῳ καλουμένῃ· | But the most accurate of the accounts is that Psophis was the daughter of Eryx, who reigned in Sicily; when Heracles had relations with her, he did not think it proper to bring her into his own household; instead he left her pregnant with Lycortas, who was his friend, residing in the city called Phegia at that time, but earlier named Erymanthus before the reign of Phegeus. | Heracles, Eryx, and the city’s renamed origin are mythic genealogy and etiological landscape tradition. |
| 8.24.2 | 2 | mythic | high | ἐπιτραφέντες δὲ αὐτόθι Ἐχέφρων καὶ Πρόμαχος Ἡρακλέους τε ὄντες καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς Σικανῆς μετέθεντο τῇ Φηγίᾳ τὸ ὄνομα Ψωφῖδα ἀπὸ τῆς μητρός. | Echephron and Promachus, who were born and raised there and were the children of Heracles and the Sicilian woman, changed the name of the city from Phegia to Psophis after their mother. | Heracles and his offspring are mythic figures; the city’s renaming is attributed to them. |
| 8.24.3 | 1 | mythic | high | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ζακυνθίων τῇ ἀκροπόλει Ψωφὶς ὄνομα, ὅτι ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἐπεραιώθη πρῶτος καὶ ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς ἀνὴρ Ψωφίδιος, Ζάκυνθος τε ὁ Δαρδάνου. | In the citadel of the Zacynthians there is also a place named Psophis, because the first man transported by ship to the island—who became its founder—was Psophidian by origin, along with Zacynthus, son of Dardanus. | Explains a place-name by reference to legendary founders and primordial settlement, i.e. mythic aetiology. |
| 8.24.3 | 2 | other | high | Σειρῶν μὲν δὴ σταδίοις ἐστὶν ἀπωτέρω τριάκοντα ἡ Ψωφίς· | Psophis itself lies thirty stades distant from Seirai. | A route/geographical statement giving the distance from Seirai to Psophis. |
| 8.24.3 | 3 | other | high | παρὰ δὲ αὐτὴν ὅ τε Ἀροάνιος ποταμὸς καὶ ὀλίγον ἀπωτέρω τῆς πόλεως Ἐρύμανθος ῥέουσιν. | Beside it, the river Aroanius flows, while slightly further from the city, the Erymanthus also runs. | Purely geographical description of nearby rivers and their relation to the city. |
| 8.24.4 | 1 | other | high | ἔχει δὲ τὰς πηγὰς ὁ Ἐρύμανθος ἐν ὄρει Λαμπείᾳ, τὸ δὲ ὄρος τοῦτο ἱερὸν εἶναι Πανὸς λέγεται· | The Erymanthus River has its sources on Mount Lampeia, and this mountain is said to be sacred to Pan; indeed, Lampeia might properly be considered part of Mount Erymanthus. | Purely geographic and descriptive: river sources and mountain sacredness to Pan, with no narrated event. |
| 8.24.4 | 2 | other | high | εἴη δʼ ἂν τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ Ἐρυμάνθου μοῖρα ἡ Λάμπεια. | Homer himself represented Erymanthus as a place for hunting, as he did for Mount Taygetus. | Purely geographical identification of Lampia as part of Mount Erymanthus; no event is described. |
| 8.24.4 | 3 | other | high | ἐποίησε δὲ Ὅμηρος ὡς ἐν Ταϋγέτῳ τε καὶ Ἐρυμάνθῳ θηρευτὴς οὖν τῆς Λαμπείας ὁ Ἐρύμανθος, καὶ Ἀρκαδίαν διεξελθὼν ἐν δεξιᾷ μὲν τὸ ὄρος ἔχων τὴν Φολόην, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ πάλιν Θέλπουσαν χώραν, κάτεισιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν. | Thus, originating from Lampeia and flowing across Arcadia—with Mount Pholoe on its right and the district of Thelpousa on its left—the Erymanthus descends into the Alpheios River. | Purely geographical description of a river’s course and nearby landmarks. |
| 8.24.5 | 1 | mythic | high | λέγεται δὲ ὡς Ἡρακλῆς κατὰ πρόσταγμα Εὐρυσθέως παρὰ τῷ Ἐρυμάνθῳ θηράσειεν ὗν μεγέθει καὶ ἀλκῇ τοὺς ἄλλους ὑπερηρκότα. | It is also said that Heracles, at the command of Eurystheus, hunted by the river Erymanthus a boar that surpassed all others in size and strength. | Heracles hunting the Erymanthian boar is a mythic labor. |
| 8.24.5 | 2 | mythic | high | Κυμαῖοι δὲ οἱ ἐν Ὀπικοῖς συὸς ὀδόντας ἀνακειμένους παρὰ σφίσιν ἐν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερῷ λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσιν ὡς οἱ ὀδόντες ὑὸς εἶεν τοῦ Ἐρυμανθίου, τῷ λόγῳ δὲ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ ἐπʼ ὀλίγον μέτεστι τοῦ εἰκότος. | The inhabitants of Cumae in the Opician land claim that the tusks preserved by them in the sanctuary of Apollo belong to the Erymanthian boar; yet their claim is not at all likely or credible. | Refers to the tusks of the Erymanthian boar, a mythic object preserved in Apollo's sanctuary. |
| 8.24.6 | 1 | other | high | Ψωφιδίοις δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει τοῦτο μὲν Ἀφροδίτης ἱερὸν Ἐρυκίνης ἐστὶν ἐπίκλησιν--- ἧς ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐλείπετο αὐτοῦ μόνα, | In the city of Psophis, there is a sanctuary of Aphrodite surnamed Erycina; in our time, only its ruins remained. | A geographical/topographical notice about a sanctuary and its ruins, not a mythic event or historical event after 500 BC. |
| 8.24.6 | 2 | mythic | high | ἐλέγοντο δὲ οἱ Ψωφῖδος αὐτὸ ἱδρύσασθαι παῖδες, καὶ ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τὸ εἰκὸς πρόσεστι· ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ἐν Σικελίᾳ τῆς Ἐρυκίνης ἱερὸν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ Ἔρυκος, ἁγιώτατόν τε ἐκ παλαιοτάτου καὶ οὐκ ἀποδέον πλούτῳ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Πάφῳ--- | It was said that the sanctuary had been founded by the children of Psophis, a statement which is plausible, for also in Sicily, in the territory of Eryx, there is a sanctuary of Erycine Aphrodite, renowned for its great antiquity and scarcely inferior in wealth to the sanctuary at Paphos. | A sanctuary founding attributed to the children of Psophis is legendary/etiological, and the comparison to Aphrodite's sanctuary is antiquarian rather than historical. |
| 8.24.7 | 1 | other | high | Προμάχου δὲ καὶ Ἐχέφρονος τῶν Ψωφῖδος οὐκ ἐπιφανῆ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι ἦν τὰ ἡρῷα. | At my time, the hero-shrines of Promachus and Echephron at Psophis were no longer remarkable. | Describes the condition of hero-shrines at Psophis in Pausanias' own time; antiquarian/topographical rather than an event. |
| 8.24.7 | 2 | mythic | high | τέθαπται δὲ καὶ Ἀλκμαίων ἐν Ψωφῖδι ὁ Ἀμφιαράου, καί οἱ τὸ μνῆμά ἐστιν οἴκημα οὔτε μεγέθει μέγα οὔτε ἄλλως κεκοσμημένον· | Alcmaeon, the son of Amphiaraus, is also buried in Psophis, and his monument is a building neither great in size nor decorated in any other way. | Alcmaeon is a mythic hero; his burial and tomb are part of mythic-local tradition. |
| 8.24.7 | 3 | other | high | περὶ δὲ αὐτὸ κυπάρισσοι πεφύκασιν ἐς τοσοῦτον ὕψος ἀνήκουσαι, ὥστε καὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ πρὸς τῇ Ψωφῖδι κατεσκιάζετο ὑπʼ αὐτῶν. | However, around it have grown cypress trees that have reached such a great height that even the mountain by Psophis is overshadowed by them. | Purely topographical/descriptive: notes cypress growth and the mountain shadowed by them. |
| 8.24.7 | 4 | mythic | high | ταύτας οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἐκκόπτειν ἱερὰς τοῦ Ἀλκμαίωνος νομίζοντες· | The locals refuse to cut them down, regarding the trees as sacred to Alcmaeon. | The trees are treated as sacred to Alcmaeon, a mythic figure, so this is a mythic landscape tradition. |
| 8.24.7 | 5 | other | high | καλοῦνται δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων παρθένοι. | They call these cypresses "virgins." | A local name for trees; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical. |
| 8.24.8 | 1 | mythic | high | ὁ δὲ Ἀλκμαίων ἡνίκα τὴν μητέρα ἀποκτείνας ἔφυγεν ἐξ Ἄργους, τότε ἐς τὴν Ψωφῖδα ἐλθών, Φηγίαν ἔτι ἀπὸ τοῦ Φηγέως ὀνομαζομένην, συνῴκησεν Ἀλφεσιβοίᾳ τῇ Φηγέως θυγατρὶ καὶ αὐτῇ δῶρα ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς καὶ ἄλλα καὶ τὸν ὅρμον δίδωσιν. | When Alcmaeon fled from Argos after killing his mother, he went to Psophis (still called Phegia after Phegeus at that time) and married Alphesiboea, the daughter of Phegeus, giving her, among other customary gifts, the necklace. | Alcmaeon’s flight after matricide and his marriage to Alphesiboea are mythic narrative events. |
| 8.24.8 | 2 | mythic | high | ὡς δὲ οἰκοῦντι αὐτῷ παρὰ τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν οὐδὲν ἐγίνετο ἡ νόσος ῥᾴων, κατέφυγεν ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς, καὶ αὐτὸν ἡ Πυθία διδάσκει τὸν Ἐριφύλης ἀλάστορα ἐς ταύτην οἱ μόνην χώραν οὐ συνακολουθήσειν, ἥτις ἐστὶ νεωτάτη καὶ ἡ θάλασσα τοῦ μητρῴου μιάσματος ἀνέφηνεν ὕστερον αὐτήν. | However, since his affliction did not ease at all while he was living among the Arcadians, he sought refuge at the oracle at Delphi. | The sentence concerns a mythic affliction and a consultation of Delphi in a mythic narrative context. |
| 8.24.9 | 1 | mythic | high | καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐξευρὼν τοῦ Ἀχελῴου τὴν πρόσχωσιν ἐνταῦθα ᾤκησε, καὶ γυναῖκα ἔσχε Καλλιρόην τοῦ Ἀχελῴου θυγατέρα λόγῳ τῷ Ἀκαρνάνων, καί οἱ παῖδες Ἀκαρνάν τε καὶ Ἀμφότερος ἐγένοντο· | The man who found the silted land of the Achelous settled there, and, according to the account of the Acarnanians, took as wife Callirhoe, the daughter of Achelous. | Explains the settlement of land through a mythic genealogy involving Achelous and his daughter Callirhoe. |
| 8.24.9 | 2 | mythic | high | ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἀκαρνᾶνος τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ ταύτῃ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ νῦν γενέσθαι λέγουσι τὰ πρὸ τούτου Κούρησι καλουμένοις. | He fathered two sons, Acarnan and Amphoteros. | Explains a named ancestor and origin of a people’s name through genealogy, a mythic etiology. |
| 8.24.9 | 3 | other | high | ἐς ἐπιθυμίας δὲ ἀνοήτους πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνδρες, γυναῖκες δὲ ἔτι πλέον ἐξοκέλλουσιν. | It is said that from Acarnan the people living on this mainland acquired their present name, though before him they were known as Curetes. | General moralizing statement, not mythic or historical narrative. |
| 8.24.10 | 1 | mythic | high | ἐπεθύμησεν ἡ Καλλιρόη τῆς Ἐριφύλης οἱ γενέσθαι τὸν ὅρμον καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἐς τὴν Φηγίαν τὸν Ἀλκμαίωνα ἔστειλεν ἄκοντα, καὶ αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Φηγέως τῶν παίδων Τημένου καὶ Ἀξίονος δολοφονηθέντα ἐπέλαβεν ἡ τελευτή. | Callirhoe desired to possess Eriphyle's necklace, and therefore sent Alcmaeon unwillingly to Phegia, where death overtook him, treacherously murdered by Phegeus' sons, Temenus and Axion. | Alcmaeon, Callirhoe, Eriphyle, and Phegeus' sons are mythic figures; the sentence narrates a mythic death and its cause. |
| 8.24.10 | 2 | mythic | high | τοῦ Φηγέως δὲ οἱ παῖδες τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἀναθεῖναι τῷ ἐν Δελφοῖς λέγονται τὸν ὅρμον. | The sons of Phegeus are said to have dedicated the necklace to Apollo at Delphi. | A mythic episode: Phegeus’s sons and the dedication of the necklace belong to the heroic myth cycle. |
| 8.24.10 | 3 | mythic | high | καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων βασιλευόντων ἐν Φηγίᾳ τότε ἔτι καλουμένῃ τῇ πόλει Φηγίᾳ στρατεῦσαί φασιν Ἕλληνας ἐς Τροίαν· | During their reign over the city then still called Phegia, the Greeks, it is said, undertook the expedition against Troy. | Refers to the expedition against Troy, a mythic event affecting the city's naming context. |
| 8.24.10 | 4 | mythic | high | σφᾶς δὲ οἱ Ψωφίδιοι τοῦ στόλου φασὶν οὐ μετασχεῖν, ὅτι αὐτῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν οἱ Ἀργείων ἀπηχθάνοντο ἡγεμόνες, κατὰ γένος τε τῷ Ἀλκμαίωνι οἱ πολλοὶ προσήκοντες καὶ τῆς ἐπιστρατείας αὐτῷ κοινωνήσαντες τῆς ἐς Θήβας. | But the people of Psophis claim that their city did not participate in this expedition, alleging that the Argive leaders bore hostility toward their own kings, since the majority were related by birth to Alcmaeon and had assisted him in his campaign against Thebes. | Refers to the expedition against Thebes and Alcmaeon, both mythic material in Pausanias. |
| 8.24.11 | 1 | historical | medium | τὰς δὲ Ἐχινάδας νήσους ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀχελῴου μὴ σφᾶς ἤπειρον ἄχρι ἡμῶν ἀπειργάσθαι γέγονε δὴ αἰτία τὸ Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνος, | As for the Echinades islands, it is the people of Aetolia who are responsible for their not having been joined to the mainland by the river Achelous even down to our own time. | Explains a landscape feature as resulting from the actions of the Aetolians down to the author's time, i.e. an historical cause affecting geography. |
| 8.24.11 | 2 | historical | high | γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτοί τε ἀνάστατοι καὶ ἡ γῆ σφισι πᾶσα ἠρήμωται· | For the Aetolians have themselves become refugees, and all their land has been abandoned. | Describes the aftermath of a historical depopulation and abandonment of land, not a mythic event. |
| 8.24.11 | 3 | other | high | ταῖς Ἐχινάσιν οὖν ἅτε ἀσπόρου μενούσης τῆς Αἰτωλίας οὐχ ὁμοίως ὁ Ἀχελῷος ἐπάγει τὴν ἰλύν. | Since Aetolia thus remains uncultivated, the Achelous does not deposit silt towards the Echinades as it once did. | Purely geographical/descriptive statement about the Achelous depositing silt and the uncultivated state of Aetolia. |
| 8.24.11 | 4 | other | high | μαρτύριον δέ μοι τοῦ λόγου· ὁ γὰρ Μαίανδρος διὰ τῆς Φρυγῶν καὶ Καρῶν ἀρουμένης ὅσα ἔτη ῥέων τὴν μεταξὺ Πριήνης καὶ Μιλήτου θάλασσαν ἐν οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ πεποίηκεν ἤπειρον. | As proof for my statement: the river Maeander, flowing year by year through a region cultivated by Phrygians and Carians, has within a short period turned the sea between Priene and Miletus into dry land. | Describes a geographical change in the landscape caused by the river Maeander, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event. |
| 8.24.12 | 1 | mythic | high | Ψωφιδίοις δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Ἐρυμάνθῳ ναός ἐστιν Ἐρυμάνθου καὶ ἄγαλμα. | The people of Psophis have beside the Erymanthus river a temple and statue of Erymanthus. | A temple and statue of Erymanthus reflect cult connected to a mythic river/divinity, not a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 8.24.12 | 2 | other | high | ποιεῖται δὲ πλὴν τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου Νείλου ποταμοῖς τοῖς ἄλλοις λίθου λευκοῦ τὰ ἀγάλματα· τῷ Νείλῳ δέ, ἅτε διὰ τῆς Αἰθιόπων κατιόντι ἐς θάλασσαν, μέλανος λίθου τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐργάζεσθαι νομίζουσιν. | Statues of rivers are made from white marble for all rivers except the Egyptian Nile; the Nile alone, because it flows through Ethiopia on its way down to the sea, is believed to have its statues fashioned of black stone. | Describes cultic/statue-making practice and river imagery, not a mythic event or a historical event. |
| 8.24.13 | 1 | historical | medium | ὃν δὲ ἤκουσα ἐν Ψωφῖδι ἐπὶ Ἀγλαῷ λόγον ἀνδρὶ Ψωφιδίῳ κατὰ Κροῖσον τὸν Λυδὸν ὄντι ἡλικίαν, ὡς ὁ Ἀγλαὸς τὸν χρόνον τοῦ βίου πάντα γένοιτο εὐδαίμων, οὔ με ἔπειθεν ὁ λόγος. | The story which I heard in Psophis concerning Aglaos, a Psophidian who was contemporary with Croesus the Lydian, that this Aglaos throughout the whole course of his life experienced continuous happiness, did not persuade me. | Refers to Aglaos as contemporary with Croesus, a historical-era figure; the sentence reports a local story rather than a mythic event. |
| 8.24.13 | 2 | other | high | ἀλλὰ ἀνθρώπων μὲν τῶν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ κακὰ ἄν τις ἐλάσσονα ἀναδέξαιτο, καθὰ καὶ ναῦς ἧσσον ἂν χειμασθείη νεὼς ἄλλης· | Rather, among men, one might admit that his own troubles are fewer, just as one ship may suffer fewer storms than another. | General comparative simile about human troubles and ships; no mythic or historical event. |
| 8.24.14 | 1 | other | high | ἄνδρα δὲ συμφορῶν ἀεὶ στάντα ἐκτὸς ἢ τὰ πάντα οὐρίῳ ναῦν χρησαμένην πνεύματι οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως δυνησόμεθα ἐξευρεῖν, | It is impossible for us to find a man who has always stood apart from misfortune, or a ship that has sailed entirely with a favorable wind. | General proverbial statement about human fortune and sailing; not a mythic or historical event. |
| 8.24.14 | 2 | mythic | high | ἐπεὶ καὶ Ὅμηρος κατακείμενον παρὰ τῷ Διὶ ἀγαθῶν πίθον, τὸν δὲ ἕτερον κακῶν ἐποίησεν, ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς θεοῦ δεδιδαγμένος, ὃς αὐτόν ποτε Ὅμηρον κακοδαίμονά τε προσεῖπε καὶ ὄλβιον ὡς φύντα ἐπὶ ἀμφοτέροις ὁμοίως. | Homer himself represented this when he attributed to Zeus two jars, one filled with good and the other with evil, having learned this from the god at Delphi, who once called Homer himself unhappy but also fortunate, as one equally endowed with both conditions from birth. | Refers to Homeric myth and Apollo at Delphi; the two jars of Zeus are a mythic motif and the Delphic god's saying is part of mythic tradition. |