Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 9.32

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
9.32.1 1 other high τοῖς δὲ ἐν Κρεύσιδι, ἐπινείῳ τῷ Θεσπιέων, οἰκοῦσιν ἐν κοινῷ μέν ἐστιν οὐδέν, ἐν ἰδιώτου δὲ ἀνδρὸς ἄγαλμα ἦν Διονύσου γύψου πεποιημένον καὶ ἐπικεκοσμημένον γραφῇ. For those who dwell in Kreusis, the harbor of the Thespians, there is nothing held in common; however, in the home of a private individual there was a statue of Dionysus made of plaster and decorated with paintings. A description of the harbor settlement and a private household cult object; no mythic or historical event.
9.32.1 2 other high πλοῦς δὲ ἐς Κρεῦσίν ἐστιν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου σκολιός τε καὶ ἄλλως οὐκ εὔδιος· ἄκραι τε γὰρ ἀνέχουσιν ὡς μὴ κατʼ εὐθὺ τῆς θαλάσσης περαιοῦσθαι καὶ ἅμα ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν καταπνέουσιν ἄνεμοι βίαιοι. Sailing to Kreusis from the Peloponnesus is both indirect and generally troubled by bad weather; for headlands project into the sea, preventing a straight crossing, and at the same time fierce winds blow down from the mountains. Purely geographical and navigational description of the sea route and local winds; no mythic or historical event.
9.32.2 1 other high πλέοντι δὲ ἐκ Κρεύσιδος οὐκ ἄνω, παρὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Βοιωτίαν, πόλις ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ Θίσβη. Sailing from Kreusis, not upward but alongside Boeotia itself, you have the town of Thisbe on the right. Purely geographic route description locating Thisbe from Kreusis.
9.32.2 2 other high πρῶτα μὲν ὄρος ἐστὶ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ, τοῦτο δὲ ὑπερβαλόντα πεδίον σε ἐκδέξεται καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἄλλο ὄρος· First there is a mountain by the sea, and having crossed this, a plain receives you, followed afterward by another mountain. Pure route and landscape description of mountains and a plain, with no mythic or historical event.
9.32.2 3 other high ἐν δὲ ταῖς ὑπωρείαις ἐστὶν ἡ πόλις. The city lies at the foot of this mountain's slope. Purely geographical description of the city's location at the mountain slope.
9.32.2 4 other high Ἡρακλέους δὲ ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν ἐνταῦθά ἐστι λίθου, καὶ Ἡράκλεια ἑορτὴν ἄγουσι. Here there is a sanctuary of Heracles and an upright stone image, and they celebrate a festival, the Herakleia, in his honor. Describes a sanctuary, cult image, and local festival; this is religious/topographical description rather than a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
9.32.3 1 other high τὸ δὲ πεδίον τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐκώλυεν οὐδὲν ἂν λίμνην ὑπὸ πλήθους εἶναι τοῦ ὕδατος, εἰ μὴ διὰ μέσου χῶμά σφισιν ἐπεποίητο ἰσχυρόν· The plain lying between the mountains would undoubtedly become a lake due to the abundance of water, were it not that a strong embankment has been built through its midst. Purely geographical/descriptive: it explains how an embankment prevents the plain from becoming a lake.
9.32.3 2 other high καὶ οὕτω παρὰ ἔτος ἐς μὲν τὰ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ χώματος ἐκτρέπουσι τὸ ὕδωρ, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ ἕτερα αὐτοῦ γεωργοῦσι. Thus, each year, they divert the water beyond the embankment to one side, while they cultivate the land on the other side. Describes agricultural water management and cultivation, a geographical/descriptive note rather than mythic or historical event.
9.32.3 3 mythic high Θίσβην δὲ λέγουσιν ἐπιχώριον εἶναι νύμφην, ἀφʼ ἧς ἡ πόλις τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκεν. They say that Thisbe was a local nymph, from whom the city took its name. Explains the city's name by a local nymph, a mythic etiology.
9.32.4 1 other high παραπλέοντι δὲ αὐτόθεν πόλισμά ἐστιν οὐ μέγα ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ Τίφα· Sailing from there, there is a small town on the coast called Tipha. A straightforward geographic/route description of a coastal town, with no mythic or historical event.
9.32.4 2 other high Ἡρακλεῖόν τε Τιφαιεῦσίν ἐστι καὶ ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν ἐπέτειον. The inhabitants have a sanctuary of Heracles and celebrate an annual festival in his honor. Describes a sanctuary and annual festival, which are cultic/descriptive details rather than a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
9.32.4 3 mythic high οὗτοι Βοιωτῶν μάλιστα ἐκ παλαιοῦ τὰ θαλάσσια ἐθέλουσιν εἶναι σοφοί, Τῖφυν ἄνδρα μνημονεύοντες ἐπιχώριον ὡς προκριθείη γενέσθαι τῆς Ἀργοῦς κυβερνήτης· Among the Boeotians, these people have, from ancient times, been especially eager to claim expertise in maritime matters, recalling Tiphys, a local man remembered as having been chosen to serve as the helmsman of the Argo. Refers to Tiphys and his role as helmsman of the Argo, a mythic Argonautic figure.
9.32.4 4 mythic high ἀποφαίνουσι δὲ καὶ πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ἔνθα ἐκ Κόλχων ὀπίσω κομιζομένην ὁρμίσασθαι τὴν Ἀργὼ λέγουσιν. They also point out a spot in front of their town where they say the Argo anchored upon its return journey from Colchis. The sentence locates a place associated with the Argo's return from Colchis, a mythic event affecting the landscape.
9.32.5 1 other high ἀπὸ δὲ Θεσπίας ἰόντι ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον ἔστιν Ἁλίαρτος. From Thespiae, as you move inland toward the interior, lies Haliartus. Purely geographic route description locating Haliartus relative to Thespiae.
9.32.5 2 other high ὅστις δὲ Ἁλιάρτου γέγονε καὶ Κορωνείας οἰκιστής, οὔ με ἀπὸ τῶν ἐς Ὀρχομενίους ἐχόντων εἰκὸς ἦν χωρίζειν· Concerning whoever founded Haliartus and Coroneia, I ought not to have separated their history from that of Orchomenus. Editorial remark about arrangement of local histories; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event is described.
9.32.5 3 historical high κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου φρονήσασιν Ἁλιαρτίοις τὰ Ἑλλήνων μοῖρα τῆς Ξέρξου στρατιᾶς γῆν τέ σφισιν ὁμοῦ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐπεξῆλθε καίουσα. When the Persian invasion occurred, because the Haliartians had sided with the Greek cause, a portion of Xerxes’ army advanced against their land and city and destroyed them by fire. Refers to Xerxes’ invasion and the destruction of Haliartus, a post-500 BC historical event.
9.32.5 4 historical high ἐν Ἁλιάρτῳ δέ ἐστι Λυσάνδρου τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου μνῆμα· At Haliartus there is the tomb of Lysander the Spartan. The tomb of Lysander is a post-500 BC historical monument tied to a known historical Spartan commander.
9.32.5 5 historical high προσβαλὼν γὰρ τῷ Ἁλιάρτῳ πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος στρατιᾶς ἔκ τε Θηβῶν ἐνούσης ἔνδον καὶ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν καὶ ἐπεξελθόντων τῶν πολεμίων ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ. When Lysander had led an attack upon Haliartus, at whose wall was stationed a force from Thebes, and Athenians as well, the enemy made a sortie, and Lysander fell in the battle. Describes Lysander’s death in the battle at Haliartus, a post-500 BC historical event.
9.32.6 1 historical low Λύσανδρον δὲ τὰ μὲν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἐπαινέσαι, τὰ δὲ καὶ πικρῶς ἔστι μέμψασθαι. Regarding Lysander, there are aspects thoroughly deserving praise, but also others worthy of sharp criticism. Comments on Lysander, a post-500 BC historical figure, though this sentence is evaluative rather than event-descriptive.
9.32.6 2 historical high σοφίαν μέν γε τοιαύτην ἐπεδείξατο· ἡγούμενος Πελοποννησίων ταῖς τριήρεσιν Ἀντίοχον κυβερνήτην ὄντα Ἀλκιβιάδου, φυλάξας Ἀλκιβιάδην ἀπόντα τοῦ ναυτικοῦ, He demonstrated the following sort of cleverness: while commander of the Peloponnesian fleet, he kept watch until Alcibiades was absent from the naval forces, leaving in command his steersman Antiochus. Refers to Alcibiades, Antiochus, and a Peloponnesian naval command in the historical period.
9.32.6 3 historical high τηνικαῦτα τὸν Ἀντίοχον ἐπηγάγετο ἐς ἐλπίδα ὡς ὄντα ἀξιόμαχον ναυμαχῆσαι Λακεδαιμονίοις, καὶ ἀναγαγόμενον ὑπὸ θράσους τε καὶ ἀλαζονίας ἐνίκησεν αὐτὸν οὐ πόρρω τοῦ Κολοφωνίων ἄστεως. At that moment, he led Antiochus into believing that he was competent enough to fight at sea against the Lacedaemonians, and when Antiochus set sail, driven by rashness and arrogance, Lysander defeated him near the city of the Colophonians. Describes Lysander and Antiochus in a historical naval engagement, an event after 500 BC.
9.32.7 1 historical high ὡς δὲ καὶ δεύτερα ὁ Λύσανδρος ἐπὶ τὰς τριήρεις ἀφίκετο ἐκ Σπάρτης, ἡμερώσατο μὲν οὕτω Κῦρον ὡς χρήματα, ὁπότε ἐς τὸ ναυτικὸν αἰτοίη, παρεῖναί οἱ κατὰ καιρόν τε καὶ ἄφθονα· And when Lysander returned a second time from Sparta to assume command of the fleet, he so won the favor of Cyrus that, whenever he requested funds for the navy, they were generously provided to him without delay and in abundance. Refers to Lysander, Cyrus, and the Peloponnesian War period, an event after 500 BC.
9.32.7 2 historical high ὁρμούντων δὲ ναυσὶν ἑκατὸν ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς Ἀθηναίων, εἷλεν αὐτῶν τὰ πλοῖα, ἐσκεδασμένους ἐπί τε ὕδωρ τοὺς ναύτας καὶ ἐπὶ ἀγορὰν φυλάξας. Now while the Athenians were mooring their fleet of one hundred ships at Aegospotami, Lysander captured their vessels, having closely watched until the sailors had dispersed ashore to gather water and provisions. Describes the Battle of Aegospotami, a clearly historical event in the late 5th century BC.
9.32.7 3 other high παρέσχετο δὲ καὶ ἔργον τοιόνδε ἐς δικαιοσύνην. Furthermore, he showed the following action regarding justice. A general statement about an action regarding justice; not mythic, historical, or landscape-focused.
9.32.8 1 historical high Αὐτολύκῳ τῷ παγκρατιάσαντι, οὗ δὴ καὶ εἰκόνα ἰδὼν οἶδα ἐν πρυτανείῳ τῷ Ἀθηναίων, τούτῳ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν ὅτου δὴ κτήματος Ἐτεόνικος ἦλθεν ὁ Σπαρτιάτης· Autolykos, who prevailed in the pankration—whose statue I myself have seen in the Prytaneion of the Athenians—was disputed by the Spartan Eteonikos over a certain piece of property. Refers to Autolykos and Eteonikos, a post-classical historical anecdote about a property dispute, not mythic material.
9.32.8 2 historical high ὡς δὲ ἄρα λέγων ἡλίσκετο οὐ δίκαια---ἦν γὰρ δὴ τηνικαῦτα Ἀθηναίοις τῶν τριάκοντα ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ παρῆν ἔτι ὁ Λύσανδρος---τούτων ἕνεκα Ἐτεόνικος πληγῶν τε ἄρχειν ἐπήρθη When Eteonikos, in the course of pleading his cause, was evidently losing because he argued unjustly—for at that time in Athens the Thirty were in power, and Lysander was still present—he was moved to begin striking Autolykos. Refers to the Thirty and Lysander in Athens, an event-setting from the post-404 BC historical context.
9.32.8 3 historical high καὶ ἀμυνάμενον τὸν Αὐτόλυκον ἦγεν ἐπὶ Λύσανδρον, παντάπασιν ἐκεῖνον ἐς χάριν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δικάσειν ἐλπίζων· After Autolykos defended himself, Eteonikos seized him and brought him before Lysander, fully expecting Lysander to render a judgment favorable to him. Refers to Eteonikos, Autolykos, and Lysander, a post-500 BC Spartan historical episode.
9.32.8 4 historical high Λύσανδρος δὲ ἀδικεῖν Ἐτεόνικον κατέγνω καὶ ἀπέπεμψεν ἀτιμάσας τῷ λόγῳ. But Lysander ruled that Eteonikos had acted unjustly and dismissed him, disgraced by the decision. Refers to Lysander and Eteonikos, a post-500 BC historical人物 and political action.
9.32.9 1 historical high τάδε μὲν Λυσάνδρῳ τὰ ἐς δόξαν ὑπάρχοντα ἦν, ἄλλα δὲ τοσάδε ὀνείδη. Such were the deeds that brought glory to Lysander, but there were also deeds equally numerous which brought him reproach. Refers to Lysander, a post-500 BC historical figure and his deeds.
9.32.9 2 historical high Φιλοκλέα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖον ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς καὶ αὐτὸν στρατηγοῦντα καὶ Ἀθηναίων τῶν ἄλλων ὅσον τετρακισχιλίους αἰχμαλώτους ὄντας ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ Λύσανδρος καί σφισιν οὐδὲ ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐπήνεγκε γῆν, ὃ καὶ Μήδων τοῖς ἀποβᾶσιν ἐς Μαραθῶνα ὑπῆρξε παρὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ αὐτῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοῖς πεσοῦσιν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις ἐκ βασιλέως Ξέρξου. At Aegospotami Lysander put to death Philocles the Athenian general, along with approximately four thousand other Athenians whom he had taken prisoner; and not even earth for burial was given to them after death, a concession that the Athenians had granted even to the Persians who landed at Marathon, and one likewise granted by the Persian king Xerxes to the Spartans who had fallen at Thermopylae. Describes Lysander’s execution of Athenians after the Battle of Aegospotami and compares historical burial practices.
9.32.9 3 historical high μείζονα δὲ ἔτι Λακεδαιμονίοις ὀνείδη γενέσθαι παρεσκεύασεν ὁ Λύσανδρος ἐπί τε δεκαδαρχίαις ἃς κατέστησε ταῖς πόλεσι καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς Λάκωσιν ἁρμοσταῖς. Lysander caused even greater disgrace to the Lacedaemonians by establishing the rule of ten men ("decadarchies") in the cities and by stationing Spartan governors ("harmosts") to control them. Refers to Lysander’s establishment of decadarchies and harmosts, a post-500 BC historical political action.
9.32.10 1 mythic high Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ χρήματα οὐ νομιζόντων κτᾶσθαι κατὰ δή τι μάντευμα, ὡς ἡ φιλοχρηματία μόνη γένοιτο ἂν ἀπώλεια τῇ Σπάρτῃ, ὁ δὲ καὶ χρημάτων πόθον σφίσιν ἐνεποίησεν ἰσχυρόν. Since the Lacedaemonians were not accustomed to acquiring money, adhering indeed to a certain oracle that greed for wealth alone would cause the ruin of Sparta, he nevertheless implanted in them a great desire for money. Refers to an oracle and its mythic explanation for Spartan behavior, not a later historical event.
9.32.10 2 historical high ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ Πέρσαις τε ἑπόμενος καὶ δικάζων νόμῳ γε τῷ ἐκείνων βλάβος κρίνω Λακεδαιμονίοις μᾶλλον ἢ ὠφέλειαν γενέσθαι Λύσανδρον· For my part, following the Persians in this matter and judging by their principle, I conclude that Lysander brought to the Lacedaemonians rather harm than benefit. Refers to Lysander and the impact of a historical figure on Sparta, not myth.