Grammar parses for passage 1.16.2
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δέ οἱ ταῦτα προκεχωρήκει καὶ μετʼ ὀλίγον τὰ Λυσιμάχου κατείργαστο, τὴν μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ πᾶσαν ἀρχὴν παρέδωκεν Ἀντιόχῳ τῷ παιδί, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐς Μακεδονίαν ἠπείγετο.
The opening ὡς-clause contains two coordinated pluperfect predicates; τὰ Λυσιμάχου is treated as a substantivized neuter plural subject of κατείργαστο, while the main clause coordinates παρέδωκεν and ἠπείγετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 προκεχωρήκει | mark | medium | Temporal conjunction: 'when/after'. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 παρέδωκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3msd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 προκεχωρήκει | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely ethical/possessive dative; orthographically identical with article. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-pna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 προκεχωρήκει | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject of impersonal προχωρέω construction. |
| 5 | προκεχωρήκει | προχωρέω | VERB | Vplu3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 11 κατείργαστο | advcl | medium | Pluperfect, with ταῦτα as nominative neuter plural subject. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 κατείργαστο | cc | high | |
| 7 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ὀλίγον | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 8 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κατείργαστο | obl | high | Substantivized temporal accusative with μετά. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-npn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 κατείργαστο | det | medium | Article with substantivized possessive/genitival phrase. |
| 10 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 11 κατείργαστο | nmod | high | |
| 11 | κατείργαστο | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | Vplu3smp | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 20 παρέδωκεν | advcl | medium | Pluperfect middle; subject is substantivized τὰ Λυσιμάχου ('Lysimachus's affairs/territories'). |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρέδωκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-saf- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 20 παρέδωκεν | cc | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Ἀσίᾳ | case | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-sfd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀσίᾳ | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀσίᾳ | Ἀσία | PROPN | Ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Locative complement modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 18 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχὴν | amod | high | |
| 19 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 παρέδωκεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | παρέδωκεν | παραδίδωμι | VERB | Vpaa3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | Ἀντιόχῳ | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 20 παρέδωκεν | iobj | high | |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-smd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 παιδί | det | high | |
| 23 | παιδί | παῖς | NOUN | N-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀντιόχῳ | appos | high | Appositional description of Ἀντιόχῳ. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρέδωκεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 ἠπείγετο | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative pronoun. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἠπείγετο | cc | high | Correlative μέν...δέ. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 Μακεδονίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 28 | Μακεδονίαν | Μακεδονία | PROPN | Ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 29 ἠπείγετο | obl | high | |
| 29 | ἠπείγετο | ἐπείγω | VERB | Vapi3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 20 παρέδωκεν | conj | high | Imperfect middle, coordinated with παρέδωκεν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρέδωκεν | punct | high |
στρατιὰ μὲν καὶ Ἑλλήνων καὶ βαρβάρων ἦν παρὰ Σελεύκῳ·
Existential εἰμί has στρατιά as subject; παρὰ Σελεύκῳ is a locative phrase (‘with/in the vicinity of Seleucus’), while μὲν καί ... καί coordinates the two genitives dependent on στρατιά.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 βαρβάρων | cc | high | First member of the paired καὶ ... καὶ coordination. |
| 4 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βαρβάρων | conj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 βαρβάρων | cc | high | Second coordinator of the paired καὶ ... καὶ construction. |
| 6 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 στρατιὰ | nmod | high | Coordinates with Ἑλλήνων; collective genitive dependent on στρατιά. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 9 Σελεύκῳ | case | high | With dative, expressing location or association. |
| 9 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obl | high | Dative complement of παρά. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἀδελφὸς μὲν Λυσάνδρας καὶ παρὰ Λυσιμάχου παρʼ αὐτὸν πεφευγώς, ἄλλως δὲ τολμῆσαι πρόχειρος καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ Κεραυνὸς καλούμενος, οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος, ὡς προσιὼν ὁ Σελεύκου στρατὸς ἐγένετο κατὰ Λυσιμάχειαν, λαθὼν Σέλευκον κτείνει, διαρπάσαι δὲ ἐπιτρέψας τὰ χρήματα τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἐβασίλευσε Μακεδονίας, ἐς ὃ Γαλάταις πρῶτος ὧν ἴσμεν βασιλέων ἀντιτάξασθαι τολμήσας ἀναιρεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων·
Main predicate chain: Πτολεμαῖος/οὗτος κτείνει, ἐβασίλευσε, ἀναιρεῖται; several participles are circumstantial or attributive. The ὡς-clause is temporal/circumstantial, and ἐς ὃ introduces the endpoint at which he is killed. Some attachment of the infinitival phrases is interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | appos | high | Initial subject/name, resumed by οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀδελφὸς | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | appos | high | Predicate/appositional noun: brother. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 ἀδελφὸς | advmod | high | Correlative μὲν; no explicit δέ counterpart in the immediate phrase. |
| 5 | Λυσάνδρας | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀδελφὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of relationship. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀδελφὸς | cc | high | |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πεφευγώς | case | high | With genitive: from/by Lysimachus. |
| 8 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεφευγώς | obl | high | |
| 9 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 αὐτὸν | case | high | With accusative: to him. |
| 10 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 πεφευγώς | obl | high | Refers to Ptolemy. |
| 11 | πεφευγώς | φεύγω | VERB | V-RPAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἀδελφὸς | acl | high | Circumstantial/attributive perfect participle. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεφευγώς | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | advmod | high | In another respect. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | cc | high | |
| 15 | τολμῆσαι | τολμάω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 πρόχειρος | ccomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on πρόχειρος: ready/daring to do. |
| 16 | πρόχειρος | πρόχειρος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | conj | medium | Predicative adjective coordinated with ἀδελφός; infinitive is its complement. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | cc | high | |
| 18 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτὸ | case | high | With accusative: on account of this. |
| 19 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 καλούμενος | obl | high | Refers to the described daring. |
| 20 | Κεραυνὸς | Κεραυνός | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 καλούμενος | xcomp | high | Name/predicate nominative with καλούμενος. |
| 21 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | conj | high | Passive participle: being called Keraunos. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 καλούμενος | punct | high | |
| 23 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P--NMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 38 κτείνει | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject of the finite narrative predicates. |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | det | high | |
| 25 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 οὗτος | appos | high | Apposition to οὗτος. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | punct | high | |
| 27 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinator. |
| 28 | προσιὼν | πρόσειμι | VERB | V-PAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Participial subject is στρατός; approaching. |
| 29 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 30 | Σελεύκου | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 στρατὸς | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 31 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | N--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 προσιὼν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσιών and ἐγένετο. |
| 32 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 38 κτείνει | advcl | high | Temporal clause predicate: arrived/came to be at Lysimacheia. |
| 33 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 Λυσιμάχειαν | case | high | With accusative: at/against. |
| 34 | Λυσιμάχειαν | Λυσιμάχεια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Place name. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 36 | λαθὼν | λανθάνω | VERB | V-2AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 κτείνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Ptolemy. |
| 37 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 λαθὼν | obj | high | |
| 38 | κτείνει | κτείνω | VERB | V-PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 κτείνει | punct | high | |
| 40 | διαρπάσαι | διαρπάζω | VERB | V-AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 42 ἐπιτρέψας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive expressing what he permits. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | cc | high | |
| 42 | ἐπιτρέψας | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: after permitting. |
| 43 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 44 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 διαρπάσαι | obj | high | Object of διαρπάσαι. |
| 45 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 βασιλεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 46 | βασιλεῦσιν | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 διαρπάσαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 47 | ἐβασίλευσε | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 38 κτείνει | conj | high | Coordinated narrative predicate. |
| 48 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | obl | high | Genitive with βασιλεύω: rule Macedonia. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | punct | high | |
| 50 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 51 ὃ | case | high | Introduces temporal endpoint. |
| 51 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P--ASN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | obl | medium | Relatival temporal expression, ‘until which point’; antecedent is implicit time/event. |
| 52 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 57 ἀντιτάξασθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἀντιτάσσομαι: oppose the Galatians. |
| 53 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 57 ἀντιτάξασθαι | advmod | high | Predicative/superlative-in-function adjective modifying subject. |
| 54 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P--GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 56 βασιλέων | det | medium | Partitive genitive relative, ‘of whom’. |
| 55 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RPI1P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 54 ὧν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 56 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 πρῶτος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πρῶτος; ὧν is related to this phrase. |
| 57 | ἀντιτάξασθαι | ἀντιτάσσομαι | VERB | V-ADN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 58 τολμήσας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on τολμήσας: dared to oppose. |
| 58 | τολμήσας | τολμάω | VERB | V-AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Ptolemy. |
| 59 | ἀναιρεῖται | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-PPI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | conj | high | Historical present passive: is killed. |
| 60 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 62 βαρβάρων | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 61 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 62 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 62 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ἀναιρεῖται. |
| 63 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν Ἀντίγονος ἀνεσώσατο ὁ Δημητρίου.
Ἀντίγονος is the agent/subject of ἀνεσώσατο; τὴν ἀρχήν is the fronted accusative object, and ὁ Δημητρίου is an appositional identificatory phrase for Ἀντίγονος, with Δημητρίου a patronymic genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 和 | _ | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | obj | high | Fronted object of ἀνεσώσατο. |
| 4 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἀνεσώσατο | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle: 'recovered/saved back'. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Δημητρίου | det | high | |
| 7 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀντίγονος | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive, 'son of Demetrius'; the article-plus-genitive phrase identifies Ἀντίγονος. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | punct | high |