Grammar parses for passage 1.16.2
Open translation for this passage
στρατιὰ μὲν καὶ Ἑλλήνων καὶ βαρβάρων ἦν παρὰ Σελεύκῳ·
Existential εἰμί has στρατιά as subject; παρὰ Σελεύκῳ is a locative phrase (‘with/in the vicinity of Seleucus’), while μὲν καί ... καί coordinates the two genitives dependent on στρατιά.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 βαρβάρων | cc | high | First member of the paired καὶ ... καὶ coordination. |
| 4 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βαρβάρων | conj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 βαρβάρων | cc | high | Second coordinator of the paired καὶ ... καὶ construction. |
| 6 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 στρατιὰ | nmod | high | Coordinates with Ἑλλήνων; collective genitive dependent on στρατιά. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 9 Σελεύκῳ | case | high | With dative, expressing location or association. |
| 9 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obl | high | Dative complement of παρά. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἀδελφὸς μὲν Λυσάνδρας καὶ παρὰ Λυσιμάχου παρʼ αὐτὸν πεφευγώς, ἄλλως δὲ τολμῆσαι πρόχειρος καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ Κεραυνὸς καλούμενος, οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος, ὡς προσιὼν ὁ Σελεύκου στρατὸς ἐγένετο κατὰ Λυσιμάχειαν, λαθὼν Σέλευκον κτείνει, διαρπάσαι δὲ ἐπιτρέψας τὰ χρήματα τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἐβασίλευσε Μακεδονίας, ἐς ὃ Γαλάταις πρῶτος ὧν ἴσμεν βασιλέων ἀντιτάξασθαι τολμήσας ἀναιρεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων·
Main predicate chain: Πτολεμαῖος/οὗτος κτείνει, ἐβασίλευσε, ἀναιρεῖται; several participles are circumstantial or attributive. The ὡς-clause is temporal/circumstantial, and ἐς ὃ introduces the endpoint at which he is killed. Some attachment of the infinitival phrases is interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | appos | high | Initial subject/name, resumed by οὗτος ὁ Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀδελφὸς | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | appos | high | Predicate/appositional noun: brother. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 ἀδελφὸς | advmod | high | Correlative μὲν; no explicit δέ counterpart in the immediate phrase. |
| 5 | Λυσάνδρας | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀδελφὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of relationship. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀδελφὸς | cc | high | |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πεφευγώς | case | high | With genitive: from/by Lysimachus. |
| 8 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεφευγώς | obl | high | |
| 9 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 αὐτὸν | case | high | With accusative: to him. |
| 10 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 πεφευγώς | obl | high | Refers to Ptolemy. |
| 11 | πεφευγώς | φεύγω | VERB | V-RPAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἀδελφὸς | acl | high | Circumstantial/attributive perfect participle. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεφευγώς | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | advmod | high | In another respect. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | cc | high | |
| 15 | τολμῆσαι | τολμάω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 πρόχειρος | ccomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on πρόχειρος: ready/daring to do. |
| 16 | πρόχειρος | πρόχειρος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | conj | medium | Predicative adjective coordinated with ἀδελφός; infinitive is its complement. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πρόχειρος | cc | high | |
| 18 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτὸ | case | high | With accusative: on account of this. |
| 19 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 καλούμενος | obl | high | Refers to the described daring. |
| 20 | Κεραυνὸς | Κεραυνός | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 καλούμενος | xcomp | high | Name/predicate nominative with καλούμενος. |
| 21 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 Πτολεμαῖος | conj | high | Passive participle: being called Keraunos. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 καλούμενος | punct | high | |
| 23 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P--NMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 38 κτείνει | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject of the finite narrative predicates. |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | det | high | |
| 25 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 οὗτος | appos | high | Apposition to οὗτος. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 Πτολεμαῖος | punct | high | |
| 27 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinator. |
| 28 | προσιὼν | πρόσειμι | VERB | V-PAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Participial subject is στρατός; approaching. |
| 29 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 30 | Σελεύκου | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 στρατὸς | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 31 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | N--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 προσιὼν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσιών and ἐγένετο. |
| 32 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 38 κτείνει | advcl | high | Temporal clause predicate: arrived/came to be at Lysimacheia. |
| 33 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 Λυσιμάχειαν | case | high | With accusative: at/against. |
| 34 | Λυσιμάχειαν | Λυσιμάχεια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Place name. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 36 | λαθὼν | λανθάνω | VERB | V-2AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 κτείνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Ptolemy. |
| 37 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 λαθὼν | obj | high | |
| 38 | κτείνει | κτείνω | VERB | V-PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 κτείνει | punct | high | |
| 40 | διαρπάσαι | διαρπάζω | VERB | V-AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 42 ἐπιτρέψας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive expressing what he permits. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | cc | high | |
| 42 | ἐπιτρέψας | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: after permitting. |
| 43 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 44 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 διαρπάσαι | obj | high | Object of διαρπάσαι. |
| 45 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 βασιλεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 46 | βασιλεῦσιν | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 διαρπάσαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 47 | ἐβασίλευσε | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 38 κτείνει | conj | high | Coordinated narrative predicate. |
| 48 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | obl | high | Genitive with βασιλεύω: rule Macedonia. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | punct | high | |
| 50 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 51 ὃ | case | high | Introduces temporal endpoint. |
| 51 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P--ASN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | obl | medium | Relatival temporal expression, ‘until which point’; antecedent is implicit time/event. |
| 52 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 57 ἀντιτάξασθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἀντιτάσσομαι: oppose the Galatians. |
| 53 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 57 ἀντιτάξασθαι | advmod | high | Predicative/superlative-in-function adjective modifying subject. |
| 54 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P--GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 56 βασιλέων | det | medium | Partitive genitive relative, ‘of whom’. |
| 55 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RPI1P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 54 ὧν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 56 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 πρῶτος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πρῶτος; ὧν is related to this phrase. |
| 57 | ἀντιτάξασθαι | ἀντιτάσσομαι | VERB | V-ADN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 58 τολμήσας | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on τολμήσας: dared to oppose. |
| 58 | τολμήσας | τολμάω | VERB | V-AAPNMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Ptolemy. |
| 59 | ἀναιρεῖται | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-PPI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 47 ἐβασίλευσε | conj | high | Historical present passive: is killed. |
| 60 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 62 βαρβάρων | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 61 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 62 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 62 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ἀναιρεῖται. |
| 63 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 59 ἀναιρεῖται | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν Ἀντίγονος ἀνεσώσατο ὁ Δημητρίου.
Ἀντίγονος is the agent/subject of ἀνεσώσατο; τὴν ἀρχήν is the fronted accusative object, and ὁ Δημητρίου is an appositional identificatory phrase for Ἀντίγονος, with Δημητρίου a patronymic genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 和 | _ | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | obj | high | Fronted object of ἀνεσώσατο. |
| 4 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἀνεσώσατο | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle: 'recovered/saved back'. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Δημητρίου | det | high | |
| 7 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀντίγονος | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive, 'son of Demetrius'; the article-plus-genitive phrase identifies Ἀντίγονος. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνεσώσατο | punct | high |