Grammar parses for passage 1.16.1
Open translation for this passage
ἀνδριάντες δὲ χαλκοῖ κεῖνται πρὸ μὲν τῆς στοᾶς Σόλων ὁ τοὺς νόμους Ἀθηναίοις γράψας, ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Σέλευκος, ᾧ καὶ πρότερον ἐγένετο ἐς τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν τὴν μέλλουσαν σημεῖα οὐκ ἀφανῆ.
Two coordinated locative clauses describe statues; Σόλων is appositional to an omitted/understood statue subject, with γράψας modifying him. The relative clause introduced by ᾧ is semantically somewhat compressed; σημεῖα is the subject of ἐγένετο and ἀφανῆ its predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνδριάντες | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N--PMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 κεῖνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | χαλκοῖ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A--PMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνδριάντες | amod | high | Predicative/material adjective agreeing with ἀνδριάντες. |
| 4 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 στοᾶς | case | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | T-------- | _ | 4 κεῖνται | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 17. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--SFS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 στοᾶς | det | high | |
| 8 | στοᾶς | στοά | NOUN | N--SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κεῖνται | obl | high | Object of spatial preposition πρὸ. |
| 9 | Σόλων | Σόλων | PROPN | N--SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κεῖνται | appos | medium | Appositional name identifying one statue; syntactically compressed. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--SMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γράψας | det | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--PMA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νόμους | det | high | |
| 12 | νόμους | νόμος | NOUN | N--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γράψας | obj | high | |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N--PMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γράψας | iobj | high | Dative of the people for whom the laws were written. |
| 14 | γράψας | γράφω | VERB | V-APMNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 Σόλων | acl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 Σόλων | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A--SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | high | Accusative adverbial measure, ‘a little’. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 κεῖνται | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 κεῖνται | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘farther away’. |
| 19 | Σέλευκος | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κεῖνται | nsubj | medium | Subject of the second coordinated locative clause, with κεῖται understood. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 Σέλευκος | punct | high | |
| 21 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | P--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely referring to Seleucus; exact semantic role is compressed. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 πρότερον | cc | high | |
| 23 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-------- | _ | 24 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 24 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 19 Σέλευκος | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate; the construction is semantically elliptical. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 εὐδαιμονίαν | case | high | |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--SFA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εὐδαιμονίαν | det | high | |
| 27 | εὐδαιμονίαν | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N--SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Object of ἐς, marking the end/result toward which something came. |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--SFA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μέλλουσαν | det | high | |
| 29 | μέλλουσαν | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAPFSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 εὐδαιμονίαν | acl | high | Participial modifier of εὐδαιμονίαν, ‘the future happiness’. |
| 30 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject with singular verb; predicative construction. |
| 31 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | _ | 32 ἀφανῆ | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ἀφανῆ | ἀφανής | ADJ | A--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective agreeing with σημεῖα; negated by οὐκ. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κεῖνται | punct | high |
Σελεύκῳ γάρ, ὡς ὡρμᾶτο ἐκ Μακεδονίας σὺν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ, θύοντι ἐν Πέλλῃ τῷ Διὶ τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ κείμενα προύβη τε αὐτόματα πρὸς τὸ ἄγαλμα καὶ ἄνευ πυρὸς ἥφθη.
Main predicate προύβη ... καὶ ἥφθη has a dative subject Σελεύκῳ by construction; θύοντι is a circumstantial participle agreeing with Σελεύκῳ, while τὰ ξύλα is the subject of προύβη and ἥφθη. The relative ὡς ὡρμᾶτο is temporal/circumstantial; κείμενα modifies ξύλα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 προύβη | iobj | medium | Dative of the person for whom/to whom the event occurs; semantically an experiencer or possessor-like subject. |
| 2 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 23 προύβη | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὡρμᾶτο | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὡρμᾶτο | mark | medium | Temporal/circumstantial conjunction introducing the ὡρμᾶτο clause. |
| 5 | ὡρμᾶτο | ὁρμάω | VERB | V3IIMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 23 προύβη | advcl | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinate predicate. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Μακεδονίας | case | high | |
| 7 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N--G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὡρμᾶτο | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 8 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὡρμᾶτο | obl | high | Comitative phrase with σύν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 θύοντι | punct | high | |
| 11 | θύοντι | θύω | VERB | VPPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 προύβη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Σελεύκῳ. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Πέλλῃ | case | high | |
| 13 | Πέλλῃ | Πέλλα | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 θύοντι | obl | high | Location with ἐν. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διὶ | det | high | |
| 15 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 θύοντι | iobj | high | Dative recipient of θύω. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ξύλα | det | high | |
| 17 | ξύλα | ξύλον | NOUN | N--NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 προύβη | nsubj | high | Accusative-form neuter plural subject of the intransitive προύβη and coordinated ἥφθη. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 κείμενα | det | high | Relative-clause determiner agreeing with κείμενα; repeated article resumes the noun phrase. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 βωμοῦ | case | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 βωμοῦ | det | high | |
| 21 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 κείμενα | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the locative phrase. |
| 22 | κείμενα | κεῖμαι | VERB | VPPNPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ξύλα | acl | medium | Perfect middle participle, nominative neuter plural, modifying ξύλα; form is homographic with accusative neuter plural. |
| 23 | προύβη | προβαίνω | VERB | V3IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active 3sg; construed with neuter plural ξύλα by the common Greek agreement pattern. |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 προύβη | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with καί. |
| 25 | αὐτόματα | αὐτόματος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 προύβη | advmod | high | Predicative/depictive adjective: spontaneously, of their own accord. |
| 26 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 ἄγαλμα | case | high | |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 28 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 προύβη | obl | high | Goal with πρὸς. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἥφθη | cc | high | Coordinates ἥφθη with προύβη. |
| 30 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 πυρὸς | case | high | |
| 31 | πυρὸς | πῦρ | NOUN | N--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἥφθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄνευ. |
| 32 | ἥφθη | ἅπτω | VERB | V3IAP3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 προύβη | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; ξύλα is understood as subject. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 προύβη | punct | high |
τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Σέλευκος Ἀντίγονον ἐς Βαβυλῶνα ἀφικόμενον δείσας καὶ παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον φυγὼν τὸν Λάγου κατῆλθεν αὖθις ἐς Βαβυλῶνα, κατελθὼν δὲ ἐκράτησε μὲν τῆς Ἀντιγόνου στρατιᾶς καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπέκτεινεν Ἀντίγονον, εἷλε δὲ ἐπιστρατεύσαντα ὕστερον Δημήτριον τὸν Ἀντιγόνου.
Σέλευκος is the matrix subject; the genitive absolute introduces Alexander's death. The participles ἀφικόμενον and δείσας, φυγών, κατελθών, and ἐπιστρατεύσαντα are controlled by their syntactic arguments as context requires; Ἀντίγονον after ἀπέκτεινεν is the object, while the appositional/participial construction around Δημήτριον is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V---PAP-GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 3 Ἀλεξάνδρου | acl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 κατῆλθεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Σέλευκος | Σέλευκος | PROPN | Ne----NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 κατῆλθεν | nsubj | high | Matrix subject. |
| 5 | Ἀντίγονον | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 δείσας | obj | high | Object of δείσας. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Βαβυλῶνα | case | high | |
| 7 | Βαβυλῶνα | Βαβυλών | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ἀφικόμενον | obl | high | Destination of ἀφικόμενον. |
| 8 | ἀφικόμενον | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V---PMP-ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 5 Ἀντίγονον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἀντίγονον. |
| 9 | δείσας | δείδω | VERB | V---PAP-NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 κατῆλθεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject Σέλευκος. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 φυγὼν | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 11 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Πτολεμαῖον | case | high | With accusative, ‘to/toward’. |
| 12 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 φυγὼν | obl | high | Person sought refuge with. |
| 13 | φυγὼν | φεύγω | VERB | V---PAP-NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 κατῆλθεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject Σέλευκος. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---AMSM- | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 Λάγου | det | high | |
| 15 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 Πτολεμαῖον | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Πτολεμαῖον. |
| 16 | κατῆλθεν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V---IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix predicate. |
| 17 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 κατῆλθεν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Βαβυλῶνα | case | high | |
| 19 | Βαβυλῶνα | Βαβυλών | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 16 κατῆλθεν | obl | high | Destination of κατῆλθεν. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κατῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | κατελθὼν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V---PAP-NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 23 ἐκράτησε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject Σέλευκος. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἐκράτησε | cc | high | Connective. |
| 23 | ἐκράτησε | κρατέω | VERB | V---IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 κατῆλθεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 23 ἐκράτησε | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with δὲ at token 34. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GFS- | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 27 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 στρατιᾶς | nmod | high | Dependent genitive identifying the army. |
| 27 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | Nb----GFS- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 23 ἐκράτησε | obj | high | Genitive object of κρατέω. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 ἀπέκτεινεν | cc | high | Coordinates finite predicates. |
| 29 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 30 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Object of ἀπέκτεινεν, referring to Ἀντίγονον. |
| 30 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V---IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 23 ἐκράτησε | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with ἐκράτησε. |
| 31 | Ἀντίγονον | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 30 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Additional object/appositional specification of the person killed. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | |
| 33 | εἷλε | αἱρέω | VERB | V---IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 κατῆλθεν | conj | high | Further coordinated finite verb. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 εἷλε | cc | high | Correlative counterpart of μέν. |
| 35 | ἐπιστρατεύσαντα | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | V---PAP-ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 37 Δημήτριον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Δημήτριον; temporal/attributive sense. |
| 36 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 ἐπιστρατεύσαντα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 37 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 33 εἷλε | obj | high | Object of εἷλε. |
| 38 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---AMSM- | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 39 Ἀντιγόνου | det | high | |
| 39 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 37 Δημήτριον | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Δημήτριον. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 εἷλε | punct | high |