Grammar parses for passage 1.15.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐνταῦθα ἀσπίδες κεῖνται χαλκαῖ, καὶ ταῖς μέν ἐστιν ἐπίγραμμα ἀπὸ Σ κιωναίων καὶ τῶν ἐπικούρων εἶναι,
The text is syntactically elliptical: ταῖς μέν is a dative article phrase referring to a subset of the shields, while ἐπίγραμμα ... εἶναι expresses the inscription's reported attribution; token 12–13 is a typographically split Σκιωναίων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 3 κεῖνται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἀσπίδες | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--PFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V--PIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative/deponent verb meaning 'lie/be placed'. |
| 4 | χαλκαῖ | χάλκεος | ADJ | A--PFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 ἀσπίδες | amod | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖνται | punct | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 7 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | P--DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Article substantivally marks the relevant subset of shields. |
| 8 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PIS-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 κεῖνται | conj | high | Copular clause coordinated with κεῖνται; predicate nominative follows. |
| 10 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Nominal subject of the existential/copular clause; datival ταῖς is an associated possessor/location. |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Σ | case | high | |
| 12 | Σ | Σκιωναῖος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναι | obl | low | Typographic split of the proper-name phrase Σκιωναίων; treated with token 13 as a genitive source complement. |
| 13 | κιωναίων | Σκιωναῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Σ | flat:name | medium | Together with preceding Σ, represents Σκιωναίων. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐπικούρων | cc | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ἐπικούρων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐπικούρων | ἐπίκουρος | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Σ | conj | high | Coordinated genitive source complement. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπίγραμμα | ccomp | medium | Infinitive in an inscription-content construction: the epigram states the shields to be from the Scioneans and auxiliaries. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 εἶναι | punct | high |
τὰς δὲ ἐπαληλιμμένας πίσσῃ, μὴ σφᾶς ὅ τε χρόνος λυμήνηται καὶ ὁ ἰός, Λακεδαιμονίων εἶναι λέγεται τῶν ἁλόντων ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ νήσῳ.
The sentence has a compressed topicalized object (τὰς ... ἐπαληλιμμένας) and an intervening μή-clause; the relative-looking ὅ in ὅ τε ... καί is syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-FEM-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναι | obj | medium | Article with substantivized participle; object of εἶναι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπαληλιμμένας | ἐπαλείφω | VERB | Perf-PPP-ACC-FEM-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 τὰς | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with substantivized τὰς; spelling is unusual. |
| 4 | πίσσῃ | πίσσα | NOUN | DAT-FEM-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπαληλιμμένας | obl | high | Dative of material/instrument with ἐπαλείφω. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 6 | μὴ | μή | PART | NEG | Polarity=Neg | 11 λυμήνηται | advmod | high | |
| 7 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | ACC-3PL | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 11 λυμήνηται | obj | medium | Accusative object of λυμήνηται; reflexive/reference is context-dependent. |
| 8 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | REL-NOM-NEUT-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 χρόνος | det | low | Likely article-like relative/indefinite element in the correlative phrase ὅ τε ... καί; parsed as determiner. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 καὶ | cc | medium | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 10 | χρόνος | χρόνος | NOUN | NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λυμήνηται | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | λυμήνηται | λυμαίνομαι | VERB | AOR-SUBJ-MP-3SG | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 12 καὶ | conj | medium | Second coordinated subject is ὁ ἰός; μή gives a feared/preventive negative clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 λέγεται | cc | medium | Coordinates the μή-clause with the main predicate context; also pairs with τε. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἰός | det | high | |
| 14 | ἰός | ἰός | NOUN | NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λυμήνηται | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with χρόνος. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 16 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | GEN-MASC-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναι | nmod | high | Possessive genitive with εἶναι. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | PRES-INF-ACT | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of impersonal λέγεται. |
| 18 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | PRES-IND-MP-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive: ‘it is said’. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-GEN-MASC-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἁλόντων | det | high | |
| 20 | ἁλόντων | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | AOR-ACT-PART-GEN-MASC-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 Λακεδαιμονίων | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive participle, ‘of those captured’. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 νήσῳ | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | article-DAT-FEM-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Σφακτηρίᾳ | det | high | |
| 23 | Σφακτηρίᾳ | Σφακτηρία | PROPN | DAT-FEM-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 νήσῳ | nmod | high | Place name in apposition to νήσῳ. |
| 24 | νήσῳ | νῆσος | NOUN | DAT-FEM-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἁλόντων | obl | high | Prepositional locative phrase modifying ἁλόντων. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγεται | punct | high |