Grammar parses for passage 1.35.5
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ γὰρ τάφου τὰ πρὸς τὸν αἰγιαλὸν ἔφασκεν ἐπικλύσαι τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ἔσοδον ἐς τὸ μνῆμα οὐ χαλεπὴν ποιῆσαι, καί με τοῦ νεκροῦ τὸ μέγεθος τεκμαίρεσθαι τῇδε ἐκέλευε·
The reported infinitives ἐπικλύσαι, ποιῆσαι, and τεκμαίρεσθαι depend on ἔφασκεν/ἐκέλευε; τὰ πρὸς τὸν αἰγιαλόν is the subject-like accusative of ἐπικλύσαι, while τὴν ἔσοδον is its coordinated object. The final τῇδε is an adverbial demonstrative modifying τεκμαίρεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τάφου | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔφασκεν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized article/adjectival phrase, with πρὸς τὸν αἰγιαλόν. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 αἰγιαλὸν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 αἰγιαλὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | αἰγιαλὸν | αἰγιαλός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐπικλύσαι | ἐπικλύζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 11 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔσοδον | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσοδον | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔσοδον | εἴσοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 μνῆμα | case | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 17 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσοδον | nmod | high | |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 20 ποιῆσαι | advmod | high | |
| 19 | χαλεπὴν | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσοδον | xcomp | high | Predicative complement with ποιῆσαι. |
| 20 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | conj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 ἐκέλευε | cc | high | |
| 23 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AS | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 30 ἐκέλευε | obj | high | |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 νεκροῦ | det | high | |
| 25 | νεκροῦ | νεκρός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 μέγεθος | nmod | high | |
| 26 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 μέγεθος | det | high | |
| 27 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 τεκμαίρεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 28 | τεκμαίρεσθαι | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 30 ἐκέλευε | xcomp | high | Middle infinitive, ‘infer/estimate’; coordinated semantically with the preceding infinitival report. |
| 29 | τῇδε | ὅδε | ADV | D-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 τεκμαίρεσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial fossilized dative, ‘in this way/from this evidence’. |
| 30 | ἐκέλευε | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἔφασκεν | conj | high | |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |
πεντάθλου γὰρ παιδὸς εἶναί οἱ κατὰ δίσκον μάλιστα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ὀστᾶ, καλουμένας δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἰατρῶν μύλας.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction depending on an understood verb of saying/thinking: παιδὸς πεντάθλου εἶναι ... τὰ ὀστᾶ. The neuter plural subject ὀστᾶ governs καλουμένας, whose feminine plural accusative agrees with the understood μύλας (or reflects a textual/agreement irregularity); κατά with δίσκον is an elliptical anatomical expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεντάθλου | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 παιδὸς | nmod | high | Genitive attributive with παιδός: 'of a pentathlete boy'. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἶναί | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἶναί | nmod | high | Genitive possessor/predicate-genitive within the infinitival clause. |
| 4 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive in an implied accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 5 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DAT-3S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 εἶναί | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor, 'for him/in his view'. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 δίσκον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | δίσκον | δίσκος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὀστᾶ | obl | medium | Accusative with κατά; elliptical anatomical/sporting phrase, likely 'in the region of the discus'. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 13 ὀστᾶ | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the anatomical assertion. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ὀστᾶ | det | high | Article with ὀστά. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 γόνασιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 γόνασιν | det | high | Article with γόνασιν. |
| 12 | γόνασιν | γόνυ | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὀστᾶ | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί: 'on the knees'. |
| 13 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 εἶναί | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of εἶναι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 εἶναί | punct | high | |
| 15 | καλουμένας | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 μύλας | acl | low | Feminine accusative plural passive participle; agreement is difficult with neuter ὀστᾶ, likely attraction to understood μύλας or textual irregularity. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 μύλας | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἰατρῶν | case | high | Agent preposition governing genitive with passive participle. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἰατρῶν | det | high | Article with ἰατρῶν. |
| 19 | ἰατρῶν | ἰατρός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλουμένας | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of καλουμένας. |
| 20 | μύλας | μύλη | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 καλουμένας | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative/complement of the passive naming participle: 'called molai'; likely supplies the feminine agreement for καλουμένας. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 εἶναί | punct | high |
ἐγὼ δέ, ὁπόσοι μὲν οἰκοῦσιν ἔσχατοι Κελτῶν ἔχοντες ὅμορον τῇ διὰ κρυμὸν ἐρήμῳ, οὓς Καβαρεῖς ὀνομάζουσι, τούτων μὲν οὐκ ἐθαύμασα τὸ μῆκος, οἳ νεκρῶν οὐδέν τι διαφόρως ἔχουσιν Αἰγυπτίων·
The sentence has two relative clauses: ὁπόσοι ... οἰκοῦσιν describes the farthest Celts, while οὓς Καβαρεῖς ὀνομάζουσι and οἳ ... ἔχουσιν further identify them; ἐρήμῳ is treated as a substantival dative referring to the desert made impassable by frost.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 23 ἐθαύμασα | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | A--NP-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Correlative relative pronoun introducing the subgroup. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D--------- | _ | 4 ὁπόσοι | discourse | high | |
| 6 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἐθαύμασα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 7 | ἔσχατοι | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A---NP-M-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 8 | Κελτῶν | Κέλτης | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔσχατοι | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | advcl | high | |
| 10 | ὅμορον | ὅμορος | ADJ | A---AS-MN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Accusative predicative/complement with ἔχοντες. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | R----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐρήμῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 14 ἐρήμῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | κρυμὸν | κρυμός | NOUN | N-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 διὰ | obl | high | Object of διά. |
| 14 | ἐρήμῳ | ἔρημος | ADJ | A--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὅμορον | obl | medium | Dative substantive/elliptical noun, governed by the adjective ὅμορον. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 οὓς | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun, referring to the people described above. |
| 17 | Καβαρεῖς | Καβαρεῖς | PROPN | N-NP-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ὀνομάζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high | |
| 20 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | A-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 23 ἐθαύμασα | obl | high | Partitive/genitive referent of οὐκ ἐθαύμασα. |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D--------- | _ | 20 τούτων | discourse | high | |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἐθαύμασα | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐθαύμασα | θαυμάζω | VERB | V-AAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | R---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 μῆκος | det | high | |
| 25 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | N-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐθαύμασα | obj | high | |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 27 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-NP-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τούτων. |
| 28 | νεκρῶν | νεκρός | ADJ | A-GP-MN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Substantival genitive, likely ‘of the dead’. |
| 29 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 32 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 30 | τι | τις | PRON | A-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 οὐδέν | advmod | medium | Indefinite reinforcing/modifying οὐδέν. |
| 31 | διαφόρως | διαφόρως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 32 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 33 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | PROPN | A-GP-MN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 νεκρῶν | nmod | medium | Genitive of comparison/standard with the substantive νεκρῶν. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high |
ὁπόσα δὲ ἄξια ἐφαίνετο εἶναί μοι θέας, διηγήσομαι.
ὁπόσα ... ἄξια is a neuter plural relative/free-relative subject with predicate ἄξια; ἐφαίνετο is impersonal-looking with εἶναι μοι θέας expressing what seemed to me worth seeing. The infinitive εἶναι is copular, with ἄξια as predicate and θέας as genitive of value; διηγήσομαι is the main root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 3 ἄξια | nsubj | high | Free-relative/interrogative-relative form, neuter plural, functioning as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with the neuter subject; also predicative with εἶναι. |
| 4 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-3IIM-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 9 διηγήσομαι | advcl | medium | Imperfect middle, semantically ‘seemed/appeared’; governs the infinitival complement. |
| 5 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | cop | high | Copular infinitive; acute accent reflects enclitic context. |
| 6 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with φαίνομαι. |
| 7 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄξια | obl | medium | Genitive of value/quality with ἄξια, ‘worth seeing’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | διηγήσομαι | διηγέομαι | VERB | V-FIM-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘I shall recount’. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | punct | high |