Grammar parses for passage 1.35.5
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ γὰρ τάφου τὰ πρὸς τὸν αἰγιαλὸν ἔφασκεν ἐπικλύσαι τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ἔσοδον ἐς τὸ μνῆμα οὐ χαλεπὴν ποιῆσαι, καί με τοῦ νεκροῦ τὸ μέγεθος τεκμαίρεσθαι τῇδε ἐκέλευε·
The syntax is somewhat paratactic: ἔφασκεν governs two infinitival complements, and ἐκέλευε starts a new coordinated clause with its own infinitival complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 τάφου | det | high | Article with τάφου. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔφασκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔφασκεν | obl | high | Genitive dependent of ἔφασκεν. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | obj | medium | Likely substantive article introducing the following phrase. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 αἰγιαλὸν | case | high | With accusative αἰγιαλόν. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 αἰγιαλὸν | det | high | Article with αἰγιαλόν. |
| 7 | αἰγιαλὸν | αἰγιαλός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | medium | Dependent of τὰ; phrase likely a substantivized relative/attributive modifier. |
| 8 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V‑I‑A‑3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ἐπικλύσαι | ἐπικλύω | VERB | V-A---A- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἔφασκεν. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 θάλασσαν | det | high | Article with θάλασσαν. |
| 11 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | obj | high | Object of ἐπικλύσαι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | cc | high | Links coordinated infinitival complement. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἔσοδον | det | high | Article with ἔσοδον. |
| 14 | ἔσοδον | ἔσοδος | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Object of ποιῆσαι. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 μνῆμα | case | high | With μνῆμα. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 μνῆμα | det | high | Article with μνῆμα. |
| 17 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσοδον | obl | high | Goal phrase dependent on ἔσοδον. |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 χαλεπὴν | advmod | high | Negates χαλεπήν. |
| 19 | χαλεπὴν | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ποιῆσαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in complement of ποιῆσαι. |
| 20 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-A---A- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἐπικλύσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive with ἐπικλύσαι. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 ἐκέλευε | cc | high | Links clause with ἐκέλευε. |
| 23 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 28 τεκμαίρεσθαι | obj | high | Object of τεκμαίρεσθαι. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 νεκροῦ | det | high | Article with νεκροῦ. |
| 25 | νεκροῦ | νεκρός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 μέγεθος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μέγεθος. |
| 26 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 μέγεθος | det | high | Article with μέγεθος. |
| 27 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 τεκμαίρεσθαι | obj | high | Object of τεκμαίρεσθαι. |
| 28 | τεκμαίρεσθαι | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-P---N- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 30 ἐκέλευε | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐκέλευε. |
| 29 | τῇδε | ὅδε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 30 ἐκέλευε | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial deictic 'here/by this' modifying ἐκέλευε. |
| 30 | ἐκέλευε | κελεύω | VERB | V‑I‑A‑3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; clause likely paratactic with previous one. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐκέλευε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
πεντάθλου γὰρ παιδὸς εἶναί οἱ κατὰ δίσκον μάλιστα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ὀστᾶ, καλουμένας δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἰατρῶν μύλας.
The main difficulty is the genitive-infinitive construction with εἶναί and the second participial phrase, where μύλας is likely a predicative accusative after καλουμένας but the exact attachment is not fully secure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεντάθλου | πεντάθλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παιδὸς | nmod | high | Attributive genitive modifying παιδός. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 4 εἶναί | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἶναί | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive εἶναί in genitive with implied construction. |
| 4 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival predicate governing the clause. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 εἶναί | iobj | low | Likely dative of reference/possession with εἶναί; form may be enclitic/dialectal usage. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 7 δίσκον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | δίσκον | δίσκος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὀστᾶ | nmod | medium | Prepositional phrase modifying ὀστᾶ. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ὀστᾶ | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying ὀστᾶ. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ὀστᾶ | det | high | Article introducing ὀστᾶ. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 12 γόνασιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 γόνασιν | det | high | Article with γόνασιν. |
| 12 | γόνασιν | γόνυ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὀστᾶ | nmod | high | Object of preposition ἐπὶ. |
| 13 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστοῦν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 εἶναί | nsubj | high | Subject accusative of infinitive εἶναί. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἶναί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | καλουμένας | καλέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 μύλας | acl | high | Participial modifier of μύλας. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 καλουμένας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 19 ἰατρῶν | case | high | Preposition with genitive agent. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἰατρῶν | det | high | Article with ἰατρῶν. |
| 19 | ἰατρῶν | ἰατρός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλουμένας | obl | high | Agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 20 | μύλας | μύλη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἶναί | xcomp | medium | Predicative/appositional accusative linked to the infinitival clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἶναί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐγὼ δέ, ὁπόσοι μὲν οἰκοῦσιν ἔσχατοι Κελτῶν ἔχοντες ὅμορον τῇ διὰ κρυμὸν ἐρήμῳ, οὓς Καβαρεῖς ὀνομάζουσι, τούτων μὲν οὐκ ἐθαύμασα τὸ μῆκος, οἳ νεκρῶν οὐδέν τι διαφόρως ἔχουσιν Αἰγυπτίων·
The syntax is heavily parenthetical with multiple relative clauses; the main assertion is ἐθαύμασα τὸ μῆκος, while the opening and final relatives modify earlier nouns.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1ns | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 23 ἐθαύμασα | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | discourse | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | ADJ | Px-pmn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | medium | Relative quantifier used substantively. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ὁπόσοι | discourse | high | |
| 6 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἐθαύμασα | advcl | high | |
| 7 | ἔσχατοι | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-pmn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | amod | medium | Likely predicative/appositive with οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 8 | Κελτῶν | Κελτοί | PROPN | Np-gp--- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 7 ἔσχατοι | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | Vpppamn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 οἰκοῦσιν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 10 | ὅμορον | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-s---n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχοντες | obj | medium | Could be predicative complement of ἔχοντες. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἐρήμῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 14 ἐρήμῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | κρυμὸν | κρύμνος | NOUN | N-s---m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 διὰ | fixed | low | Form/lemma uncertain; likely part of phrase διὰ κρυμὸν ἐρήμῳ. |
| 14 | ἐρήμῳ | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-s---d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὅμορον | obl | medium | Dative phrase governed by ὅμορον. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | Pr-pma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | |
| 17 | Καβαρεῖς | Καβαρεῖς | PROPN | Np-p--- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 18 ὀνομάζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 οὓς | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high | |
| 20 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-pg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 25 μῆκος | nmod | high | |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 20 τούτων | discourse | high | |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἐθαύμασα | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐθαύμασα | θαυμάζω | VERB | V1sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---a | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 μῆκος | det | high | |
| 25 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | N-s---a | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐθαύμασα | obj | high | |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high | |
| 27 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | Pr-pmn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 32 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | νεκρῶν | νεκρός | ADJ | A-pgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Likely genitive of comparison/association with ἔχουσιν. |
| 29 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | Pn-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 32 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 30 | τι | τις | PRON | Px-s---n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 οὐδέν | advmod | medium | Indefinite particle-like modifier of οὐδέν. |
| 31 | διαφόρως | διαφόρως | ADV | Df | _ | 32 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 33 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | PROPN | Np-gp--- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 28 νεκρῶν | nmod | high | |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐθαύμασα | punct | high |
ὁπόσα δὲ ἄξια ἐφαίνετο εἶναί μοι θέας, διηγήσομαι.
ὁπόσα-ἄξια-εἶναί forms the content of the embedded clause governed by ἐφαίνετο; the exact attachment of ὁπόσα and θέας is slightly interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | Px--na-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφαίνετο | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative substantive, direct object of implied/embedded clause content. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A--na-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Likely predicate adjective with infinitive εἶναί; could also be predicative complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 4 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-3siip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 9 διηγήσομαι | ccomp | high | Finite verb in an embedded clause dependent on διηγήσομαι. |
| 5 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V--ppan--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 6 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1s---d- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἐφαίνετο. |
| 7 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄξια | nmod | medium | Genitive of respect/goal with ἄξια; syntax somewhat interpretive. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | διηγήσομαι | διηγέομαι | VERB | V-1sfim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main future verb. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διηγήσομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |