Grammar parses for passage 10.38.13
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἐρείπια ἦν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς δὲ ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτὸ ἀνὴρ ἰδιώτης Φαλύσιος.
The sentence has two paratactic clauses with separate finite verbs; ἐρείπια is treated as a predicative complement to the copular clause despite the singular verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | det | high | Article with Ἀσκληπιοῦ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article with ἱερὸν. |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 6 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement; number mismatch with singular ἦν suggests collective/plural predicative use. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 10 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obl | high | Temporal/source phrase with ἐξ. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ᾠκοδόμησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ᾠκοδόμησεν | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause; paratactic with the first. |
| 13 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obj | medium | Likely object of ᾠκοδόμησεν, referring to the sanctuary. |
| 14 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκοδόμησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκοδόμησεν. |
| 15 | ἰδιώτης | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Apposition to ἀνὴρ. |
| 16 | Φαλύσιος | Φαλύσιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνὴρ | flat | high | Name identifying ἀνήρ. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ᾠκοδόμησεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
νοσήσαντι γάρ οἱ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀποδέον τυφλῷ ὁ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ πέμπει θεὸς Ἀνύτην τὴν ποιήσασαν τὰ ἔπη φέρουσαν σεσημασμένην δέλτον.
The syntax is dominated by a long participial preface (νοσήσαντι ... ἀποδέον τυφλῷ) before the main clause πέμπει θεός; the attachment of ἀποδέον/τυφλῷ and the internal modification of the final noun phrase are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νοσήσαντι | νοσέω | VERB | V-PAAP-DSM | Aspect=Aor|Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 θεὸς | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, dative masculine singular; dative of circumstance with the main clause subject. |
| 2 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 14 πέμπει | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ὀφθαλμοὺς | det | high | Article agreeing with ὀφθαλμούς. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ὀφθαλμοὺς | det | high | Article agreeing with ὀφθαλμούς. |
| 5 | ὀφθαλμοὺς | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 νοσήσαντι | obj | high | Direct object of νοσήσαντι in the participial clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 νοσήσαντι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction inside the participial phrase. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | _ | 8 πολὺ | advmod | high | Negator modifying πολὺ. |
| 8 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποδέον | advmod | medium | Adverbial use with ἀποδέον; accusative neuter singular as measure/extent. |
| 9 | ἀποδέον | ἀποδέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSN | Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 τυφλῷ | advcl | medium | Participial construction meaning 'being far from'; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | τυφλῷ | τυφλός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποδέον | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἀποδέον ('to blindness/with blindness'). |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 θεὸς | det | high | Article modifying θεός. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Ἐπιδαύρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἐπιδαύρῳ. |
| 13 | Ἐπιδαύρῳ | Ἐπίδαυρος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πέμπει | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 14 | πέμπει | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 15 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πέμπει | nsubj | high | Subject of πέμπει. |
| 16 | Ἀνύτην | Ἀνύτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πέμπει | obj | high | Direct object of πέμπει. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ποιήσασαν | det | high | Article modifying ποιήσασαν. |
| 18 | ποιήσασαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-ASF | Aspect=Aor|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 Ἀνύτην | amod | high | Participial modifier of Ἀνύτην. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἔπη | det | high | Article modifying ἔπη. |
| 20 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ποιήσασαν | obj | high | Object of ποιήσασαν. |
| 21 | φέρουσαν | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Aspect=Pres|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 Ἀνύτην | amod | high | Participial modifier of Ἀνύτην. |
| 22 | σεσημασμένην | σημαίνω | VERB | V-RPP-ASF | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 δέλτον | amod | high | Perfect participle modifying δέλτον. |
| 23 | δέλτον | δέλτος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 φέρουσαν | obj | medium | Object of φέρουσαν; the adjective-like participle σεσημασμένην also depends on this noun phrase. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 πέμπει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ εὗρέ τε ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ ταῖς αὑτῆς σεσημασμένην δέλτον καὶ πλεύσασα ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον ἐκέλευσεν ἀφελόντα τὴν σφραγῖδα Φαλύσιον ἐπιλέγεσθαι τὰ γεγραμμένα.
Two coordinated main clauses share an implied subject; the second clause contains a complementary infinitive with an accusative subject (Φαλύσιον), and the participial syntax is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 εὗρέ | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 2 | εὗρέ | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb of the first clause |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 εὗρέ | discourse | high | enclitic connective particle |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 χερσὶ | case | high | governs dative |
| 5 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 χερσὶ | det | high | article modifying χερσί |
| 6 | χερσὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 εὗρέ | obl | high | locative/oblique phrase with ἐν |
| 7 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 αὑτῆς | det | high | article modifying αὑτῆς |
| 8 | αὑτῆς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Px3--FGS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 6 χερσὶ | nmod | high | genitive possessive/reflexive modifying χερσὶ |
| 9 | σεσημασμένην | σημαίνω | VERB | V-RPP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 δέλτον | amod | high | participle modifying δέλτον |
| 10 | δέλτον | δέλτος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 εὗρέ | obj | high | object of εὗρέ |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 πλεύσασα | cc | high | coordinates participial clause |
| 12 | πλεύσασα | πλέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | advcl | high | conjunct participle agreeing with understood subject of ἐκέλευσεν |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | case | high | governs accusative |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ναύπακτον | det | high | article with Ναύπακτον |
| 15 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | obl | high | goal of motion |
| 16 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb of second clause |
| 17 | ἀφελόντα | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐπιλέγεσθαι | advcl | medium | participial modifier of infinitive subject/accusative controller; syntax somewhat compressed |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 σφραγῖδα | det | high | article with σφραγῖδα |
| 19 | σφραγῖδα | σφραγίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφελόντα | obj | high | object of ἀφελόντα |
| 20 | Φαλύσιον | Φάλυσιος | PROPN | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐπιλέγεσθαι | nsubj | medium | accusative subject of infinitive ἐπιλέγεσθαι |
| 21 | ἐπιλέγεσθαι | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | complementary infinitive after κελεύω |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 γεγραμμένα | det | high | article with γεγραμμένα |
| 23 | γεγραμμένα | γράφω | VERB | V-RPP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐπιλέγεσθαι | obj | high | accusative neuter plural participle functioning as object/content of infinitive |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high | sentence-final punctuation |
τῷ δὲ ἄλλως μὲν οὐ δυνατὰ ἐφαίνετο ἰδεῖν τὰ γράμματα ἔχοντι οὕτω τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν.
The syntax is elliptical and somewhat awkward: δυνατά λειτουργεί predicatively with ἐφαίνετο, while ἰδεῖν introduces the infinitival complement and ἔχοντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν modifies the dative experiencer τῷ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative with impersonal/passive-like ἐφαίνετο, marking the experiencer. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 7 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the predicate. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no explicit δεύτερον μέν clause here. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 6 δυνατὰ | advmod | high | Negates δυνατά. |
| 6 | δυνατὰ | δυνατός | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Could be nominative neuter plural predicative with ἐφαίνετο; treated as complement/adjectival predicate. |
| 7 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | v3siie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 8 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐφαίνετο. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 γράμματα | det | high | Article modifying γράμματα. |
| 10 | γράμματα | γράμμα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἰδεῖν | obj | high | Direct object of ἰδεῖν. |
| 11 | ἔχοντι | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppamd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τῷ | acl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with τῷ; expresses attendant circumstance/attribute. |
| 12 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 ἔχοντι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχοντι. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ὀφθαλμῶν | det | high | Article modifying ὀφθαλμῶν. |
| 14 | ὀφθαλμῶν | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχοντι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔχοντι, likely partitive/possessive. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |