Grammar parses for passage 2.2.1
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ περιβόλου δέ ἐστιν ἐντὸς Παλαίμονος ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ναός, ἀγάλματα δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ Ποσειδῶν καὶ Λευκοθέα καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Παλαίμων.
The second clause is best treated as an elliptical continuation with ἀγάλματα as a nominal predicate/subject-like constituent and a coordinated list of depicted figures; case relations around the names are somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-gen-sg-masc/neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 περιβόλου | det | high | |
| 2 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | noun-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Genitive of possession/association with ναός. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc:preconj | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | verb-pres-ind-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 5 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | adverb | _ | 6 Παλαίμονος | case | medium | Preposition-like adverb governing the genitive. |
| 6 | Παλαίμονος | Παλαίμων | PROPN | proper-noun-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep-dat | _ | 8 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 8 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | adj-dat-sg-fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'on the left'. |
| 9 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | noun-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἐστιν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | noun-nom-acc-pl-neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Nominal continuation after the first existential clause; likely elliptical ἐστίν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 11 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep-dat | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | pron-dat-sg-masc/neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀγάλματα | obl | high | Refers to the temple/enclosure context. |
| 15 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | proper-noun-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀγάλματα | nmod | medium | Name in an elliptical construction: images/statues of Poseidon. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 15 Ποσειδῶν | cc | high | |
| 17 | Λευκοθέα | Λευκοθέα | PROPN | proper-noun-nom-sg-fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ποσειδῶν | conj | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 15 Ποσειδῶν | cc | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | pron-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 15 Ποσειδῶν | conj | medium | Emphatic 'himself'; coordinated as the third named figure. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Παλαίμων | det | high | |
| 21 | Παλαίμων | Παλαίμων | PROPN | proper-noun-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 αὐτὸς | appos | high | Apposition specifying αὐτός. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλο Ἄδυτον καλούμενον, κάθοδος δὲ ἐς αὐτὸ ὑπόγεως, ἔνθα δὴ τὸν Παλαίμονα κεκρύφθαι φασίν·
The first clause is an existential construction with ἄλλο Ἄδυτον as the notional subject and καλούμενον agreeing with it. The second clause has κάθοδος as subject; ἔνθα introduces an elliptical/relative locative clause, with an accusative-and-infinitive construction (τὸν Παλαίμονα κεκρύφθαι) governed by φασίν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 Ἄδυτον | cop | high | Existential copula. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ἄδυτον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλο | cc | high | Connective/additive καί. |
| 4 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄδυτον | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, agreeing with Ἄδυτον. |
| 5 | Ἄδυτον | ἄδυτον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Notional subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 6 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Ἄδυτον | acl | high | Attributive passive participle, agreeing with Ἄδυτον. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Ἄδυτον | punct | high | |
| 8 | κάθοδος | κάθοδος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | New clause with nominal subject/predicate; understood ἐστί. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κάθοδος | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 αὐτὸ | case | high | |
| 11 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 κάθοδος | nmod | high | Object of ἐς; refers to the Adytum. |
| 12 | ὑπόγεως | ὑπόγειος | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 κάθοδος | advmod | medium | Adverbial form meaning underground/below ground; lexically related to ὑπόγειος. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κάθοδος | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 κεκρύφθαι | advmod | medium | Locative relative adverb introducing the site clause; attachment to the infinitival predication is syntactically somewhat elliptical. |
| 15 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 14 ἔνθα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Παλαίμονα | det | high | |
| 17 | Παλαίμονα | Παλαίμων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prs|Number=Sing | 18 κεκρύφθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | κεκρύφθαι | κρύπτω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 19 φασίν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 19 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 κάθοδος | parataxis | medium | Reports the ACI; syntactically may be analyzed as parenthetical to the preceding clause. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 φασίν | punct | high |
ὃς δʼ ἂν ἐνταῦθα ἢ Κορινθίων ἢ ξένος ἐπίορκα ὀμόσῃ, οὐδεμία ἐστίν οἱ μηχανὴ διαφυγεῖν τοῦ ὅρκου.
Relative conditional protasis: ὃς ... ὀμόσῃ, with ἄν and subjunctive; οὐδεμία μηχανή is the apodosis subject, οἱ is a dative of possession/interest, and διαφυγεῖν is an infinitival complement of μηχανή. The phrase ἐπίορκα ὀμόσῃ means ‘swear falsely/perjuriously’; ἢ ... ἢ coordinates the alternatives Κορινθίων and ξένος, with Κορινθίων substantivized genitive plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Pronominal relative, nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 ὀμόσῃ | nsubj | high | Relative-subject pronoun, antecedent understood generically/personally. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction, postpositive | _ | 10 ὀμόσῃ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | Particle | _ | 10 ὀμόσῃ | mark | high | Modal particle marking the indefinite relative condition with the subjunctive. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Adverb | _ | 10 ὀμόσῃ | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘here’. |
| 5 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 8 ξένος | cc | high | First member of ἢ ... ἢ coordination. |
| 6 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | Adjective/noun, genitive masculine plural | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ξένος | nmod | medium | Substantivized genitive plural, ‘of the Corinthians / a Corinthian’; coordinated with ξένος. |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 8 ξένος | cc | high | Second coordination marker, introducing ξένος. |
| 8 | ξένος | ξένος | NOUN | Noun, nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὀμόσῃ | nsubj | medium | Subject of ὀμόσῃ in the alternative ‘a Corinthian or a foreigner’; coordination analysis makes it the overt conjunct. |
| 9 | ἐπίορκα | ἐπίορκος | ADV | Adverbial accusative plural neuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ὀμόσῃ | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘perjuriously/false oaths’; form is conventionally used adverbially. |
| 10 | ὀμόσῃ | ὄμνυμι | VERB | Verb, aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 ἐστίν | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the indefinite relative protasis. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀμόσῃ | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὐδεμία | οὐδείς | DET | Adjective/pronominal determiner, nominative feminine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 15 μηχανὴ | det | high | Negative determiner modifying μηχανή. |
| 13 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | Verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of the apodosis. |
| 14 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Personal pronoun, dative masculine singular | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 μηχανὴ | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or personal interest, ‘for him/to him’; enclitic-like form. |
| 15 | μηχανὴ | μηχανή | NOUN | Noun, nominative feminine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copula. |
| 16 | διαφυγεῖν | διαφεύγω | VERB | Verb, aorist active infinitive | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 μηχανὴ | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of μηχανή, ‘to escape/avoid’. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Definite article, genitive masculine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ὅρκου | det | high | Article modifying ὅρκου. |
| 18 | ὅρκου | ὅρκος | NOUN | Noun, genitive masculine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 διαφυγεῖν | obj | high | Genitive object/complement with διαφυγεῖν, ‘escape the oath’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστίν | punct | high |
καὶ δὴ ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον Κυκλώπων καλούμενος βωμός, καὶ θύουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Κύκλωψι.
The predicate nominative phrase is ἱερόν ... βωμός, with καλούμενος agreeing with βωμός; Κυκλώπων is a genitive of designation/association. In the second clause, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ denotes the altar on which sacrifice occurs, while Κύκλωψι is a dative of the recipients/divinities honored.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 βωμός | amod | high | Substantivized/agrees with βωμός. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 βωμός | amod | high | Agrees with βωμός. |
| 6 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βωμός | nmod | medium | Genitive of association/designation. |
| 7 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 βωμός | acl | high | Agrees with masculine βωμός. |
| 8 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative with ἐστιν; masculine gender controls καλούμενος. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 θύουσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | θύουσιν | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate; understood subject is generic/indefinite. |
| 12 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 13 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 θύουσιν | obl | high | Refers to the altar; dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 14 | Κύκλωψι | Κύκλωψ | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 θύουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative of the divinities/recipients honored by sacrifice. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 θύουσιν | punct | high |