Grammar parses for passage 2.4.3
Open translation for this passage
Σισύφῳ δὲ οὔτι Γλαῦκος μόνον ὁ Βελλεροφόντου πατὴρ ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερος υἱὸς ἐγένετο Ὀρνυτίων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Θέρσανδρός τε καὶ Ἄλμος.
Elliptical coordination: Σισύφῳ is the dative possessor/experiencer; Γλαῦκος πατὴρ and ἕτερος υἱὸς are coordinated predicate nominals with ἐγένετο. The second clause is further elliptical, supplying ἐγένετο with Θέρσανδρος and Ἄλμος; ἐπὶ αὐτῷ means ‘after/in addition to him’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σισύφῳ | Σίσυφος | PROPN | Nb********* | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Dative associated with the subject/predicate of ἐγένετο, expressing to/for whom the sons existed. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτι | οὔτι | PART | Df-------- | _ | 5 μόνον | advmod | medium | Negative adverb/particle modifying μόνον; idiomatically ‘not merely’. |
| 4 | Γλαῦκος | Γλαῦκος | PROPN | Nb********* | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | First coordinated nominative subject/predicative participant of ἐγένετο. |
| 5 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A----NMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Γλαῦκος | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative/neuter-form usage is possible; form agrees morphologically with masculine nominative only if taken substantivally, but here functions as ‘only/merely’. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πατὴρ | det | high | Article with πατήρ. |
| 7 | Βελλεροφόντου | Βελλεροφῶν | PROPN | Nb********* | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πατὴρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πατήρ: ‘father of Bellerophon’. |
| 8 | πατὴρ | πατήρ | NOUN | Nb----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Γλαῦκος | appos | high | Appositional predicate/kinship noun explaining Γλαῦκος. |
| 9 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 υἱὸς | cc | high | Adversative coordinator in οὔτι μόνον ... ἀλλὰ καὶ ... construction. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 υἱὸς | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with ἀλλά. |
| 11 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | A----NMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 υἱὸς | amod | high | ‘Another’, modifying υἱός. |
| 12 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | Nb----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐγένετο | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject with Γλαῦκος; ἀλλὰ καὶ introduces it. |
| 13 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; singular despite coordinated nominal subjects, with elliptical/copular sense ‘there came to be/was’. |
| 14 | Ὀρνυτίων | Ὀρνυτίων | PROPN | Nb----GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 υἱὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/parentage: ‘a son of Ornyt(on)’. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Θέρσανδρός | case | medium | Preposition governing αὐτῷ; semantic value is ‘after/in addition to’, with ellipsis of the verb. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Θέρσανδρός | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the elliptical continuation. |
| 18 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P----DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 Θέρσανδρός | obl | medium | Dative pronoun governed by ἐπί; antecedent is likely Ὀρνυτίων or the immediately preceding son, but the reference is elliptical. |
| 19 | Θέρσανδρός | Θέρσανδρος | PROPN | Nb----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐγένετο | conj | medium | Nominative name in an elliptical continuation, coordinated with the preceding son/subject and understood with ἐγένετο. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Θέρσανδρός | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator joining Θέρσανδρος and Ἄλμος. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Ἄλμος | cc | high | Coordinator joining the second pair of names. |
| 22 | Ἄλμος | Ἄλμος | PROPN | Nb----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Θέρσανδρός | conj | high | Second nominative name coordinated with Θέρσανδρος. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀπῴκησεν ἐς Τιθορέαν τῆς νῦν καλουμένης Φωκίδος, Θόας δὲ Ὀρνυτίωνος υἱὸς νεώτερος κατέμεινεν ἐν τῇ Κορίνθῳ.
The first clause has an elided subject resumed by the μὲν...δὲ contrast; τῆς καλουμένης Φωκίδος is a genitive dependent on Τιθορέαν, while Θόας is the subject of κατέμεινεν and υἱὸς is a nominative apposition/predicate description. The form Κορίνθῳ is treated as locative dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | det | medium | Article substantivally marks an elided masculine subject. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 13. |
| 4 | ἀπῴκησεν | ἀποικέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First clause predicate; subject is substantivized ὁ with anaphoric/elided referent. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 6 Τιθορέαν | case | high | |
| 6 | Τιθορέαν | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | obl | high | Destination of ἀπῴκησεν. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καλουμένης | det | high | |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D | Degree=Pos | 9 καλουμένης | advmod | high | |
| 9 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PPG-SF | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 Φωκίδος | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Φωκίδος. |
| 10 | Φωκίδος | Φωκίς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Τιθορέαν | nmod | high | Genitive appositional/geographical specification of Τιθορέαν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Θόας | Θόας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κατέμεινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 κατέμεινεν | cc | high | Contrasts with μὲν at token 3. |
| 14 | Ὀρνυτίωνος | Ὀρνυτίων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 υἱὸς | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying υἱὸς. |
| 15 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Θόας | appos | high | Nominative apposition identifying Θόας. |
| 16 | νεώτερος | νέος | ADJ | A-NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 υἱὸς | amod | medium | Comparative adjective; likely ‘younger’, modifying υἱὸς. |
| 17 | κατέμεινεν | καταμένω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 20 Κορίνθῳ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Κορίνθῳ | det | high | |
| 20 | Κορίνθῳ | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κατέμεινεν | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπῴκησεν | punct | high |
Θόαντος δὲ Δαμοφῶν, Δαμοφῶντος δὲ ἦν Προπόδας, Προπόδα δὲ Δωρίδας καὶ Ὑανθίδας.
Genealogical elliptical clauses: Θόαντος and Δαμοφῶντος are genitive dependents with omitted ἦν/ἐγένετο; each following name is the predicate/subject of the elliptical clause. The final accusative forms continue the same genealogy, with case governed by the omitted construction; attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θόαντος | Θόας | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Δαμοφῶν | nmod | high | Genitive ancestor/name in an elliptical genealogical clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Δαμοφῶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Δαμοφῶν | Δαμοφῶν | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Name functioning as subject/predicate in an elliptical clause. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Δαμοφῶν | punct | high | |
| 5 | Δαμοφῶντος | Δαμοφῶν | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Προπόδας | nmod | high | Genitive ancestor/name in an elliptical genealogical clause. |
| 6 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular verb; genealogical clauses are coordinated/elliptical around it. |
| 8 | Προπόδας | Προπόδας | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Name interpreted as nominative subject of ἦν; textual genealogical coordination is compressed. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Προπόδας | punct | high | |
| 10 | Προπόδα | Προπόδας | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Δωρίδας | nmod | low | Accusative form is morphologically clear but syntactic government is elliptical/uncertain. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Δωρίδας | cc | high | |
| 12 | Δωρίδας | Δωρίδας | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obj | low | Accusative name in compressed genealogical coordination; exact relation uncertain. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Ὑανθίδας | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ὑανθίδας | Ὑανθίδας | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Δωρίδας | conj | low | Accusative coordinated name; exact syntactic relation is elliptical. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
τούτων βασιλευόντων Δωριεῖς στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Κόρινθον· ἡγεῖτο δὲ Ἀλήτης Ἱππότου τοῦ Φύλαντος τοῦ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους.
Genitive absolute τούτων βασιλευόντων means “while these men were ruling”; Ἀλήτης is subject of ἡγεῖτο, with the following genitives forming a genealogical chain. The participle βασιλευόντων is formally ambiguous in gender but is masculine plural here by reference to the persons ruled; Κόρινθον is governed by ἐπί with motion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 2 βασιλευόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 2 | βασιλευόντων | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 στρατεύουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, temporal. |
| 3 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of στρατεύουσιν. |
| 4 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the first clause. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 6 Κόρινθον | case | high | With accusative, expresses movement against/toward. |
| 6 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Goal or target of στρατεύουσιν. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἡγεῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 4 στρατεύουσιν | parataxis | high | Second coordinated/paratactic predicate; means “was leading.” |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 ἡγεῖτο | cc | high | Adversative or continuative connective. |
| 10 | Ἀλήτης | Ἀλήτης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἡγεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἡγεῖτο. |
| 11 | Ἱππότου | Ἱππότος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλήτης | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Ἀλήτης: son of Hippotas. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Φύλαντος | det | high | Article with Φύλαντος. |
| 13 | Φύλαντος | Φύλαντος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἱππότου | nmod | high | Genitive appositional genealogy: Hippotas, son of Phylas. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀντιόχου | det | high | Article with Ἀντιόχου. |
| 15 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Φύλαντος | nmod | high | Further genealogical genitive: Phylas, son of Antiochus. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | Article with Ἡρακλέους. |
| 17 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀντιόχου | nmod | high | Final ancestor in the genealogy: Antiochus, son of Heracles. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high |
Δωρίδας μὲν οὖν καὶ Ὑανθίδας παραδόντες τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀλήτῃ καταμένουσιν αὐτοῦ, τῶν δὲ Κορινθίων ὁ δῆμος ἐξέπεσεν ὑπὸ Δωριέων κρατηθεὶς μάχῃ.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses; καταμένουσιν takes the preceding participial clause, while ἐξέπεσεν has a nominative subject and a passive participle agreeing with δῆμος. Token 18 is treated as a second root because of the comma coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δωρίδας | Δωρίδας | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παραδόντες | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 καταμένουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 καταμένουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Ὑανθίδας | cc | high | |
| 5 | Ὑανθίδας | Ὑανθίδας | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παραδόντες | conj | high | |
| 6 | παραδόντες | παραδίδωμι | VERB | V-AAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 καταμένουσιν | advcl | high | Conjoined subject is understood with the finite verb. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 8 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παραδόντες | obj | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλήτῃ | Ἀλήτης | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παραδόντες | iobj | high | |
| 10 | καταμένουσιν | καταμένω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 καταμένουσιν | advmod | medium | Genitive of place/association: 'there/in his domain'; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καταμένουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Κορινθίων | det | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐξέπεσεν | cc | high | Marks the contrasting second clause. |
| 15 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 δῆμος | nmod | high | |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 17 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐξέπεσεν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 18 | ἐξέπεσεν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated finite clause; UD permits a second root for the post-comma coordinated clause, though attachment to token 10 is also possible. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 κρατηθεὶς | case | high | |
| 20 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ὑπὸ | obl:agent | high | |
| 21 | κρατηθεὶς | κρατέω | VERB | V-APP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ἐξέπεσεν | advcl | high | Likely agrees with δῆμος and expresses the means/circumstance of its expulsion. |
| 22 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 κρατηθεὶς | obl | high | Dative of manner or circumstance. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέπεσεν | punct | high |