Grammar parses for passage 2.4.4
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Τελέστην μὲν κατὰ ἔχθος Ἀριεὺς καὶ Περάντας κτείνουσι, βασιλεὺς δὲ οὐδεὶς ἔτι ἐγένετο, πρυτάνεις δὲ ἐκ Βακχιδῶν ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχοντες, ἐς ὃ Κύψελος τυραννήσας ὁ Ἠετίωνος ἐξέβαλε τοὺς Βακχίδας·
The sentence coordinates the killing of Telestes, the subsequent absence of kingship, the annual prytany of the Bacchiads, and Cypselus' expulsion of them. Token 25 ὃ is a temporal relative pronoun, ‘until which time’; ἐς governs it. The participle τυραννήσας is circumstantial, with ὁ Ἠετίωνος identifying Cypselus by patronymic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 κτείνουσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | Τελέστην | Τελέστης | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κτείνουσι | obj | high | Proper name. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 9 κτείνουσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 ἔχθος | case | high | |
| 5 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κτείνουσι | obl | high | Accusative of motive/cause after κατά. |
| 6 | Ἀριεὺς | Ἀριεύς | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κτείνουσι | nsubj | high | Proper name. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 Περάντας | cc | high | |
| 8 | Περάντας | Περάντας | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κτείνουσι | nsubj | high | Proper name; coordinated subject. |
| 9 | κτείνουσι | κτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κτείνουσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Correlative contrast. |
| 13 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεὺς | det | high | Fused negative determiner/pronoun modifying βασιλεύς. |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adv | _ | 15 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 κτείνουσι | conj | high | Aorist middle, ‘came to be/existed’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | πρυτάνεις | πρύτανις | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄρχοντες | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 22 ἄρχοντες | cc | high | Coordinates the next clause. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 20 Βακχιδῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | Βακχιδῶν | Βακχίδαι | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πρυτάνεις | nmod | high | Ethnic/dynastic name. |
| 21 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἄρχοντες | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 22 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐγένετο | conj | medium | Participial clause: ‘ruling for a year’; finite verb is understood from context. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἄρχοντες | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 25 ὃ | case | high | Temporal ‘until’ with the relative pronoun. |
| 25 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἐξέβαλε | obl | medium | Temporal relative pronoun, ‘until which time’; antecedent is implicit time/situation. |
| 26 | Κύψελος | Κύψελος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐξέβαλε | nsubj | high | Proper name. |
| 27 | τυραννήσας | τυραννέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 ἐξέβαλε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, ‘having become tyrant/ruling as tyrant’. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 Ἠετίωνος | det | high | Article in patronymic phrase. |
| 29 | Ἠετίωνος | Ἠετίων | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Κύψελος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive with article: ‘son of Eetion’. |
| 30 | ἐξέβαλε | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Finite clause after temporal ἐς ὃ. |
| 31 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Βακχίδας | det | high | |
| 32 | Βακχίδας | Βακχίδαι | PROPN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἐξέβαλε | obj | high | The Bacchiad dynasty. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐξέβαλε | punct | high |
ἀπόγονος δὲ ἦν ὁ Κύψελος Μέλανος τοῦ Ἀντάσου.
ἦν is the copular root; ἀπόγονος is the predicate nominative, and Κύψελος the nominative subject. Μέλανος τοῦ Ἀντάσου is a genitive genealogical complement, ‘descendant of Melas of Antasus’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπόγονος | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-----S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with the copula. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V3IIA-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative of the copula. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA---MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κύψελος | det | high | |
| 5 | Κύψελος | Κύψελος | PROPN | NE----S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Personal name; nominative subject. |
| 6 | Μέλανος | Μέλας | PROPN | NE----S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κύψελος | nmod | high | Genitive of descent, dependent on Κύψελος/‘descendant’. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA---MS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀντάσου | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀντάσου | Ἄντασος | PROPN | NE----S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μέλανος | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on Μέλανος; likely patronymic or geographic specification. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
Μέλανα δὲ ἐκ Γονούσσης τῆς ὑπὲρ Σικυῶνος στρατεύοντα σὺν Δωριεῦσιν ἐπὶ Κόρινθον Ἀλήτης τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἀπειπόντος τοῦ θεοῦ παρʼ ἄλλους τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐκέλευσεν ἀποχωρεῖν, ὕστερον δὲ ἁμαρτὼν τοῦ χρησμοῦ δέχεται σύνοικον.
Complex accusative-plus-participial construction: Ἀλήτης is the matrix subject; Μέλανα is the object of ἐκέλευσεν/δέχεται across coordinated clauses, with στρατεύοντα and ἀπειπόντος supplementing the syntax. The participle ἀπειπόντος is genitive absolute with τοῦ θεοῦ; ἁμαρτὼν τοῦ χρησμοῦ is a circumstantial participle with genitive of separation/error.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέλανα | Μέλας | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | obj | medium | Personal name in accusative; object of ἐκέλευσεν and understood object of δέχεται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Γονούσσης | case | high | |
| 4 | Γονούσσης | Γονούσσα | PROPN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 στρατεύοντα | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐκ. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὑπὲρ | det | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Σικυῶνος | case | high | |
| 7 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Γονούσσης | nmod | high | Genitive after ὑπέρ; τῆς ὑπὲρ Σικυῶνος modifies Γονούσσης. |
| 8 | στρατεύοντα | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Μέλανα | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Μέλανα. |
| 9 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Δωριεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 10 | Δωριεῦσιν | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 στρατεύοντα | obl | high | Ethnic proper noun, dative plural after σύν. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Κόρινθον | case | high | With accusative, directional. |
| 12 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 στρατεύοντα | obl | high | Directional accusative with ἐπί. |
| 13 | Ἀλήτης | Ἀλήτης | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | nsubj | high | Matrix subject. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 μὲν | det | high | Article substantivizing μὲν παραυτίκα; idiomatic correlative phrase. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | advmod | high | Correlative particle with later δὲ. |
| 16 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἀπειπόντος | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἀπειπόντος | ἀπαγορεύω | VERB | V-AAPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute predicate; subject is θεοῦ. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 19 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀπειπόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute ἀπειπόντος. |
| 20 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ἄλλους | case | high | With accusative, toward/to the side of. |
| 21 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ‘to other [people]’. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἄλλους | nmod | high | Partitive/appositional genitive with ἄλλους. |
| 24 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First matrix predicate. |
| 25 | ἀποχωρεῖν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐκέλευσεν. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high | |
| 27 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 δέχεται | advmod | high | |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 δέχεται | cc | high | Coordinates the later clause. |
| 29 | ἁμαρτὼν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 δέχεται | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with understood Ἀλήτης. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 χρησμοῦ | det | high | |
| 31 | χρησμοῦ | χρησμός | NOUN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἁμαρτὼν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἁμαρτών, ‘miss/error regarding the oracle’. |
| 32 | δέχεται | δέχομαι | VERB | V-PMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | conj | high | Coordinated second matrix predicate. |
| 33 | σύνοικον | σύνοικος | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 δέχεται | obj | high | Predicative/object complement: receives Melas as co-resident. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high |
τοιαῦτα μὲν ἐς τοὺς Κορινθίων βασιλέας συμβάντα εὕρισκον·
τοιαῦτα is the neuter plural accusative object of εὕρισκον; συμβάντα is a supplementary/resultative participle agreeing with τοιαῦτα, while ἐς τοὺς Κορινθίων βασιλέας is its directional complement. μὲν is a discourse particle with no expressed δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-----ANP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εὕρισκον | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 8 εὕρισκον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 6 βασιλέας | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλέας | det | high | |
| 5 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A---GM-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλέας | nmod | high | Ethnic genitive dependent on βασιλέας: ‘the kings of the Corinthians’. |
| 6 | βασιλέας | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συμβάντα | obl | high | |
| 7 | συμβάντα | συμβαίνω | VERB | V2AAPANP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 τοιαῦτα | acl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with τοιαῦτα; construed as a supplementary/resultative participle. |
| 8 | εὕρισκον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V1IAIP--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εὕρισκον | punct | high |