Grammar parses for passage 3.2.7
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πέμπουσιν ἐς Κρήτην Χαρμίδαν τὸν Εὔθυος, ἄνδρα ἐν Σπάρτῃ τῶν δοκίμων, στάσεις τε καταπαύσοντα τοῖς Κρησὶ καὶ τὰ πολίσματα, ὁπόσα ἦν ἀπωτέρω θαλάσσης καὶ ἄλλως ἀσθενῆ, ταῦτα μὲν τοὺς Κρῆτας πείσοντα ἐκλιπεῖν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἐπικαίρῳ τοῦ παράπλου συνοικιοῦντα ἀντʼ αὐτῶν.
Χαρμίδαν is the object of πέμπουσιν and is apposed by ἄνδρα; the three future participles (καταπαύσοντα, πείσοντα, συνοικιοῦντα) express his intended purposes. The relative clause identifies the weaker settlements, resumed by ταῦτα ... τὰ δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 πέμπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 3 | πέμπουσιν | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Κρήτην | case | high | |
| 5 | Κρήτην | Κρήτη | PROPN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πέμπουσιν | obl | high | |
| 6 | Χαρμίδαν | Χαρμίδας | PROPN | N----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πέμπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Εὔθυος | det | high | |
| 8 | Εὔθυος | Εὔθυος | PROPN | N----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Χαρμίδαν | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Χαρμίδαν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Χαρμίδαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Χαρμίδαν | appos | high | Apposition to Χαρμίδαν. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 12 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N----DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἄνδρα | nmod | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δοκίμων | det | high | |
| 14 | δοκίμων | δόκιμος | ADJ | A----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἄνδρα | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: among the notable/trusted men. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἄνδρα | punct | high | |
| 16 | στάσεις | στάσις | NOUN | N----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 καταπαύσοντα | obj | high | |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 στάσεις | cc | high | |
| 18 | καταπαύσοντα | καταπαύω | VERB | V-FPA-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Future participle expressing purpose, coordinated with later participles. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Κρησὶ | det | high | |
| 20 | Κρησὶ | Κρής | PROPN | N----DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 καταπαύσοντα | iobj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 πολίσματα | cc | high | |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 πολίσματα | det | high | |
| 23 | πολίσματα | πολίσμα | NOUN | N----NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 καταπαύσοντα | obj | high | Coordinated object of καταπαύσοντα. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 πολίσματα | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P----NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἦν | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier, subject of ἦν by attraction/agreement with πολίσματα. |
| 26 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 23 πολίσματα | acl:relcl | medium | Singular agreement is semantically/distributively possible with plural neuter subject. |
| 27 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 26 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Genitive with comparative adverb. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἀσθενῆ | cc | high | |
| 30 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 31 ἀσθενῆ | advmod | high | |
| 31 | ἀσθενῆ | ἀσθενής | ADJ | A----NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἦν | conj | high | Predicate adjective coordinated with ἀπωτέρω. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἀσθενῆ | punct | high | |
| 33 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P----NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 37 πείσοντα | obj | high | Resumptive object corresponding to the relative πολίσματα. |
| 34 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 37 πείσοντα | discourse | high | |
| 35 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 Κρῆτας | det | high | |
| 36 | Κρῆτας | Κρής | PROPN | N----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 πείσοντα | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 37 | πείσοντα | πείθω | VERB | V-FPA-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Future purpose participle; subject is Χαρμίδαν/ἄνδρα. |
| 38 | ἐκλιπεῖν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-FAI- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 37 πείσοντα | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after πείσοντα. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 πείσοντα | punct | high | |
| 40 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----APA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 46 συνοικιοῦντα | det | high | |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 46 συνοικιοῦντα | cc | high | Correlative μὲν ... δὲ. |
| 42 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 43 ἐπικαίρῳ | case | high | |
| 43 | ἐπικαίρῳ | ἐπίκαιρος | ADJ | A----DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 παράπλου | nmod | medium | Substantivized/elliptical with παράπλου; form is dative singular. |
| 44 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 παράπλου | det | high | |
| 45 | παράπλου | παράπλους | NOUN | N----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 συνοικιοῦντα | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐν ἐπικαίρῳ, understood as a strategic point of the voyage/coast. |
| 46 | συνοικιοῦντα | συνοικίζω | VERB | V-FPA-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Future purpose participle coordinated with καταπαύσοντα and πείσοντα. |
| 47 | ἀντʼ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 48 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 48 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 συνοικιοῦντα | obl | high | Genitive after ἀντί; refers to the Cretans or their settlements. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 πέμπουσιν | punct | high |
ἀνέστησαν δὲ καὶ Ἕλος ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλισμα Ἀχαιῶν ἐχόντων καὶ Ἀργείους τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἀμύναντας μάχῃ νικῶσιν.
The sentence has coordinated predicates: ἀνέστησαν introduces the place-name Ἕλος, while νικῶσιν takes Ἀργείους as object and the participle ἀμύναντας as a supplementary/attributive description; ἐχόντων is genitive agreeing with Ἀχαιῶν and is syntactically dependent on πόλισμα, though the exact construction is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέστησαν | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 νικῶσιν | conj | medium | Coordinated finite predicate with νικῶσιν; subject is implicit plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἀνέστησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 Ἕλος | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | Ἕλος | Ἕλος | PROPN | NeutNomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνέστησαν | nsubj | medium | Place-name, syntactically subject of ἀνέστησαν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | -------- | _ | 6 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 6 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-D-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἕλος | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐπί, locative. |
| 7 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-N-N-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Ἕλος | appos | high | Apposition to the place-name Ἕλος. |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πόλισμα | nmod | high | Genitive of association/possession. |
| 9 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with Ἀχαιῶν; compressed relative/attributive construction. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 Ἀργείους | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 νικῶσιν | obj | high | Direct object of νικῶσιν. |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εἵλωσιν | det | high | |
| 13 | εἵλωσιν | εἵλωс | NOUN | N-D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀμύναντας | obl | medium | Dative plural, likely ‘the helots’; orthography/lemma is uncertain. |
| 14 | ἀμύναντας | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 Ἀργείους | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἀργείους; likely ‘after/when defending against the helots’. |
| 15 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-D-F-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 νικῶσιν | obl | high | Dative of means or manner, ‘in battle’. |
| 16 | νικῶσιν | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite root predicate. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 νικῶσιν | punct | high |