Grammar parses for passage 3.2.6
Open translation for this passage
Ἀρχελάου δὲ ἦν Τήλεκλος·
Simple copular clause; the genitive proper name Ἀρχελάου is best taken as possessive/associative with the subject-predicate relation implied by ἦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρχελάου | Ἀρχέλαος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Genitive of possession/association with ἦν; likely dependent on the predicate nominal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb, sentence root. |
| 4 | Τήλεκλος | Τήλεκλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with ἦν; analyzable as xcomp in copular clause. |
| 5 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπὶ τούτου πόλεις Λακεδαιμόνιοι τῶν περιοικίδων πολέμῳ κρατήσαντες ἐξεῖλον Ἀμύκλας καὶ Φᾶριν καὶ Γεράνθρας, ἐχόντων ἔτι Ἀχαιῶν.
Main clause is ἐξεῖλον with a preceding participial temporal frame (κρατήσαντες) and a trailing genitive absolute (ἐχόντων ἔτι Ἀχαιῶν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R------ | Case=Gen | 9 ἐξεῖλον | obl | high | Temporal/causal adjunct with genitive. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | Pd-sgnm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 ἐπὶ | det | high | Modifies ἐπί. |
| 3 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξεῖλον | obj | medium | Likely object of ἐξεῖλον, though form is ambiguous with nominative plural. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξεῖλον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξεῖλον. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 περιοικίδων | det | high | Article modifying περιοικίδων. |
| 6 | περιοικίδων | περιοικίς | NOUN | N-p---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πολέμῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πολέμῳ. |
| 7 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Instrumental/dative with κρατήσαντες. |
| 8 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-a-pamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐξεῖλον | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying ἐξεῖλον. |
| 9 | ἐξεῖλον | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V-aia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | Ἀμύκλας | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | Np-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξεῖλον | obj | high | First item in coordinated object list. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ἀμύκλας | cc | high | Coordinates the following object. |
| 12 | Φᾶριν | Φᾶρις | PROPN | Np-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀμύκλας | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Φᾶριν | cc | high | Coordinates the following object. |
| 14 | Γεράνθρας | Γεράνθρα | PROPN | Np-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 Φᾶριν | conj | medium | Likely third coordinated object; form may reflect accusative plural. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξεῖλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-papgmn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐξεῖλον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἐχόντων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐχόντων. |
| 18 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Np-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐχόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξεῖλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοὺς δὲ Ἀμυκλαιεῖς οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἐκβάλλουσιν, ἀλλὰ ἀντισχόντας τε ἐπὶ πολὺ τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἔργα οὐκ ἄδοξα ἐπιδειξαμένους.
The participial clause after ἀλλά is best attached as a coordinated adverbial/complementary participial construction, though the exact linkage is somewhat flexible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obj | high | Article with following ethnic noun. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀμυκλαιεῖς | Ἀμυκλαεῖς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obj | high | Accusative plural substantive governed by ἐκβάλλουσιν. |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | Negation of the main verb. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἐπιδρομῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἐπιδρομῆς. |
| 6 | ἐπιδρομῆς | ἐπιδρομή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Source/complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | ἐκβάλλουσιν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | PPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἐπιδειξαμένους | cc | medium | Correlative adversative linking the participial phrase. |
| 10 | ἀντισχόντας | ἀντισχω | VERB | AAPMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐπιδειξαμένους | advcl | high | Accusative participle, parallel to ἐπιδειξαμένους. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀντισχόντας | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, paired with καί. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 πολέμῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 13 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀντισχόντας | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative with ἀντισχόντας; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πολέμῳ | det | high | Article with πολέμῳ. |
| 15 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀντισχόντας | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀντισχόντας | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπιδειξαμένους | obj | high | Object of ἐπιδειξαμένους. |
| 18 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἄδοξα | advmod | high | Negation modifying adjective. |
| 19 | ἄδοξα | ἄδοξος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔργα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ἔργα. |
| 20 | ἐπιδειξαμένους | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | AMPMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Accusative participle coordinated with ἀντισχόντας and dependent on ἐκβάλλουσιν. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δηλοῦσι δὲ καὶ οἱ Δωριεῖς τρόπαιον ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν ἀναστήσαντες, ὡς ἐν τῷ τότε λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιον τοῦτο ὑπάρξαν σφίσιν.
The second clause is syntactically difficult: ὡς introduces an explanatory/comparative participial construction, and ἐν τῷ τότε λόγου is somewhat irregular in case usage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δηλοῦσι | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 δηλοῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 5 Δωριεῖς | advmod | medium | Likely additive particle modifying the subject phrase. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Δωριεῖς | det | high | Article with the subject noun. |
| 5 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δηλοῦσι | nsubj | high | Subject of δηλοῦσι. |
| 6 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀναστήσαντες | obj | high | Object of ἀναστήσαντες. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν | det | high | Article with Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν. |
| 9 | Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν | Ἀμυκλαεύς | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀναστήσαντες | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐπὶ, dependent on participle. |
| 10 | ἀναστήσαντες | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 δηλοῦσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀναστήσαντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἄξιον | mark | medium | Introduces a comparative/explanatory clause. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 16 λόγου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 λόγου | det | medium | Expected with λόγου, though the case is unusual in the phrase. |
| 15 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 16 λόγου | advmod | high | Temporal modifier of λόγου. |
| 16 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἄξιον | obl | medium | Likely part of the phrase ἐν τῷ τότε λόγου; syntax is somewhat irregular. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 18 ἄξιον | advmod | high | Modifies ἄξιον. |
| 18 | ἄξιον | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὑπάρξαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement within the ὡς-clause. |
| 19 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ὑπάρξαν | obj | high | Object of ὑπάρξαν. |
| 20 | ὑπάρξαν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-AAP-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἄξιον | advcl | medium | Participial clause; likely dependent on ἄξιον. |
| 21 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ὑπάρξαν | obl | high | Dative complement of ὑπάρξαν. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δηλοῦσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον τούτων ἀπέθανεν ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων Τήλεκλος ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ·
The phrase οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον τούτων functions adverbially as a time expression modifying the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέθανεν | advmod | high | Negation of the verb. |
| 2 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὕστερον | obl | high | Part of adverbial phrase with ὕστερον. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέθανεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέθανεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ὕστερον | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/temporal reference with ὕστερον. |
| 6 | ἀπέθανεν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέθανεν | obl | high | Agent in genitive with ὑπό. |
| 9 | Τήλεκλος | Τήλεκλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέθανεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέθανεν. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ἱερῷ | case | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 11 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἱερῷ | nmod | medium | Probably genitive dependent of ἱερῷ in a cultic phrase. |
| 12 | ἱερῷ | ἱερός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέθανεν | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέθανεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐν μεθορίῳ τῆς τε Λακωνικῆς καὶ τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἐπεποίητο ἐν χωρίῳ καλουμένῳ Λίμναις.
The first locative phrase contains a coordinated genitive expression dependent on μεθορίῳ; the final participial naming construction is somewhat ambiguous but most naturally modifies χωρίῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 13 ἐπεποίητο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπεποίητο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεποίητο. |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | d-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἱερὸν | appos | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ἱερὸν. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | d-------- | _ | 6 μεθορίῳ | case | high | First preposition. |
| 6 | μεθορίῳ | μεθόριον | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπεποίητο | obl | high | Locative phrase governed by ἐπεποίητο. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Λακωνικῆς | det | high | Article with Λακωνικῆς. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 τῆς | cc | medium | Correlative particle introducing first coordinated genitive. |
| 9 | Λακωνικῆς | Λακωνική | PROPN | a-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μεθορίῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of μεθορίῳ. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 Μεσσηνίας | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίας. |
| 12 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | a-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μεθορίῳ | nmod | medium | Second coordinated genitive dependent of μεθορίῳ. |
| 13 | ἐπεποίητο | ποιέω | VERB | v-3siia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | d-------- | _ | 15 χωρίῳ | case | high | Second preposition. |
| 15 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπεποίητο | obl | high | Locative phrase. |
| 16 | καλουμένῳ | καλέω | VERB | v-spppnm- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 χωρίῳ | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying χωρίῳ. |
| 17 | Λίμναις | Λίμναι | PROPN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 καλουμένῳ | obj | medium | Name in dative after καλουμένῳ; likely complement of naming. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπεποίητο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |