Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.25.5

← 3.25.4 3.25.6 →

Passage 3.25.5

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

78Greek tokens

2,517input tokens

5,653output tokens

Sentence 1

3.25.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 36
Input: 961
Output: 2,574
Total: 3,535

ἐποίησαν δὲ Ἑλλήνων τινὲς ὡς Ἡρακλῆς ἀναγάγοι ταύτῃ τοῦ Ἅιδου τὸν κύνα, οὔτε ὑπὸ γῆν ὁδοῦ διὰ τοῦ σπηλαίου φερούσης οὔτε ἕτοιμον ὂν πεισθῆναι θεῶν ὑπόγαιον εἶναί τινα οἴκησιν ἐς ἣν ἀθροίζεσθαι τὰς ψυχάς.

The sentence coordinates two reasons for rejecting the idea: no subterranean road leads through the cave, and it is difficult to accept the existence of an underground dwelling into which souls gather. The reported ἀναγάγοι is treated as aorist optative in the content clause.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐποίησαν	ποιέω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐποίησαν	cc	high
3	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 τινὲς	nmod	high
4	τινὲς	τις	PRON	PX-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐποίησαν	nsubj	high
5	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἀναγάγοι	mark	high	Introduces the reported conception/content.
6	Ἡρακλῆς	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-NM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἀναγάγοι	nsubj	high
7	ἀναγάγοι	ἀνάγω	VERB	V-AAO-3S	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 ἐποίησαν	ccomp	medium	Aorist optative form is possible in the indirect/reportative construction; parser morphology is somewhat uncertain.
8	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	ADV	D-D-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἀναγάγοι	advmod	medium	Dative form used adverbially, ‘by this way/here’.
9	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Ἅιδου	det	high
10	Ἅιδου	Ἅιδης	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 κύνα	nmod	high	Possessive genitive with κύνα.
11	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 κύνα	det	high
12	κύνα	κύων	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἀναγάγοι	obj	high
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐποίησαν	punct	high
14	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ὁδοῦ	cc	high	Coordinates the two negative grounds.
15	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	16 γῆν	case	high
16	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ὁδοῦ	nmod	high	Accusative with ὑπό.
17	ὁδοῦ	ὁδός	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 φερούσης	nsubj	high	Subject genitive of φερούσης.
18	διὰ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	20 σπηλαίου	case	high
19	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 σπηλαίου	det	high
20	σπηλαίου	σπήλαιον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ὁδοῦ	nmod	high	Object of διά.
21	φερούσης	φέρω	VERB	V-PAP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	23 ἕτοιμον	acl	high	Genitive participle agreeing with ὁδοῦ.
22	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἕτοιμον	cc	high
23	ἕτοιμον	ἕτοιμος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐποίησαν	conj	high	Predicate adjective in an accusative-and-infinitive construction.
24	ὂν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	23 ἕτοιμον	cop	high	Participle agreeing with the understood masculine accusative subject.
25	πεισθῆναι	πείθω	VERB	V-APN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	23 ἕτοιμον	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of ἕτοιμον ὄν.
26	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 πεισθῆναι	obl	medium	Genitive with πείθομαι, likely ‘to be persuaded by the gods’; exact semantic labeling is uncertain.
27	ὑπόγαιον	ὑπόγαιος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 εἶναί	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective in the infinitival clause.
28	εἶναί	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	25 πεισθῆναι	xcomp	high
29	τινα	τις	DET	PX-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 οἴκησιν	det	high	Indefinite determiner.
30	οἴκησιν	οἴκησις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 εἶναί	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of εἶναι; τινα is likely an indefinite modifier despite form ambiguity.
31	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	32 ἣν	case	high
32	ἣν	ὅς	PRON	P-ASAF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	33 ἀθροίζεσθαι	obl	high	Relative pronoun, object/direction complement with ἐς.
33	ἀθροίζεσθαι	ἀθροίζω	VERB	V-PMN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	30 οἴκησιν	acl:relcl	high	Infinitive of purpose/content dependent on οἴκησιν.
34	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	35 ψυχάς	det	high
35	ψυχάς	ψυχή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	33 ἀθροίζεσθαι	obj	high
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐποίησαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

3.25.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 31
Input: 879
Output: 2,244
Total: 3,123

ἀλλὰ Ἑκαταῖος μὲν ὁ Μιλήσιος λόγον εὗρεν εἰκότα, ὄφιν φήσας ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ τραφῆναι δεινόν, κληθῆναι δὲ Ἅιδου κύνα, ὅτι ἔδει τὸν δηχθέντα τεθνάναι παραυτίκα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ.

Ἑκαταῖος is the subject of εὗρεν; the infinitives τραφῆναι and κληθῆναι form an accusative-and-infinitive content construction dependent on φήσας, with ὄφιν as their shared accusative subject. The final ὅτι-clause gives the reason for the name, with τὸν δηχθέντα as the subject of τεθνάναι and ὑπό marking the agent/source of death.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	Polarity=Pos	7 εὗρεν	cc	high
2	Ἑκαταῖος	Ἑκαταῖος	PROPN	NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 εὗρεν	nsubj	high
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	7 εὗρεν	discourse	high	Correlative particle, answered only implicitly.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Μιλήσιος	det	high
5	Μιλήσιος	Μιλήσιος	PROPN	A--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 Ἑκαταῖος	appos	high	Ethnic/national adjective used substantivally as an apposition.
6	λόγον	λόγος	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 εὗρεν	obj	high
7	εὗρεν	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V--AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist active indicative.
8	εἰκότα	εἰκός	ADJ	A--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 λόγον	amod	medium	Adjectival modifier of λόγον; could also be construed predicatively.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 φήσας	punct	high
10	ὄφιν	ὄφις	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 τραφῆναι	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject shared by the following infinitives under φήσας.
11	φήσας	φημί	VERB	V--AAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	7 εὗρεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial aorist participle, subject coreferential with Ἑκαταῖος.
12	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	13 Ταινάρῳ	case	high
13	Ταινάρῳ	Ταίναρος	PROPN	N--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 τραφῆναι	obl	high	Dative with ἐπί, indicating location.
14	τραφῆναι	τρέφω	VERB	V--APN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	11 φήσας	ccomp	high	Infinitive in the content of φήσας.
15	δεινόν	δεινός	ADJ	A--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ὄφιν	amod	high	Predicative adjective with ὄφιν in the infinitival proposition.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 κληθῆναι	punct	high
17	κληθῆναι	καλέω	VERB	V--APN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	11 φήσας	conj	high	Coordinated with τραφῆναι; shares ὄφιν as accusative subject.
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 κληθῆναι	cc	high
19	Ἅιδου	Ἅιδης	PROPN	N--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 κύνα	nmod	high	Possessive genitive: 'of Hades'.
20	κύνα	κύων	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 κληθῆναι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with κληθῆναι.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 ὅτι	punct	high
22	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	17 κληθῆναι	mark	high	Introduces causal clause.
23	ἔδει	δεῖ	VERB	V--IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	22 ὅτι	advcl	high	Impersonal imperfect.
24	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 δηχθέντα	det	high
25	δηχθέντα	δάκνω	VERB	V--APP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	26 τεθνάναι	nsubj	high	Substantival participle, accusative subject of τεθνάναι.
26	τεθνάναι	θνῄσκω	VERB	V--XAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	23 ἔδει	ccomp	high	Perfect active infinitive dependent on ἔδει.
27	παραυτίκα	παραυτίκα	ADV	D	_	26 τεθνάναι	advmod	high
28	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	30 ἰοῦ	case	high
29	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 ἰοῦ	det	high
30	ἰοῦ	ἰός	NOUN	N--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 τεθνάναι	obl:agent	high	Agent/source phrase with passive δηχθέντα contextually understood.
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 εὗρεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

3.25.5 sentence 3

Tokens: 11
Input: 677
Output: 835
Total: 1,512

καὶ τοῦτον ἔφη τὸν ὄφιν ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ἀχθῆναι παρʼ Εὐρυσθέα·

Accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on ἔφη: τοῦτον τὸν ὄφιν is the accusative subject of ἀχθῆναι; ὑπό with genitive marks the agent, and παρά with accusative marks motion toward Eurystheus. The antecedent of τοῦτον is context-dependent.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	3 ἔφη	cc	high
2	τοῦτον	οὗτος	DET	Pd—ams	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 ὄφιν	det	high	Demonstrative determiner/pronominal modifier.
3	ἔφη	φημί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ὄφιν	det	high
5	ὄφιν	ὄφις	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀχθῆναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
6	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	7 Ἡρακλέους	case	high
7	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀχθῆναι	obl:agent	high
8	ἀχθῆναι	ἄγω	VERB	V-APN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Pass	3 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Aorist passive infinitive in the reported-content clause.
9	παρʼ	παρά	ADP	R	_	10 Εὐρυσθέα	case	high	Elided form of παρά before a vowel.
10	Εὐρυσθέα	Εὐρυσθεύς	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀχθῆναι	obl	high	Accusative after παρά expressing motion toward/arrival at Eurystheus.
11	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἔφη	punct	high

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