Grammar parses for passage 3.25.4
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ δὲ Πυρρίχου καταβάντι ἐς θάλασσαν ἔστι Τευθρώνη·
The sentence is an existential statement: Τευθρώνη is located after descending from Πύρριχος toward the sea; καταβάντι is a dative participle with an understood human referent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 καταβάντι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Τευθρώνη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πυρρίχου | Πύρριχος | PROPN | NPM-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καταβάντι | obl | high | |
| 4 | καταβάντι | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔστι | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely agreeing with an understood traveler; ἀπό phrase modifies it. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 6 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καταβάντι | obl | high | Goal complement of καταβάντι. |
| 7 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational construction. |
| 8 | Τευθρώνη | Τευθρώνη | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Place name presented as the existential subject. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστι | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ταύτῃ Τεύθραντα Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα ἀποφαίνουσι, τιμῶσι δὲ θεῶν μάλιστα Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ πηγή σφισίν ἐστι Ναΐα.
The sentence contains three coordinated predicates: ἀποφαίνουσι with object Τεύθραντα and participial complement Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα, τιμῶσι with object Ἄρτεμιν, and ἐστι with predicate nominative Ναΐα; ταύτῃ is a locative adverb, and οἱ is the article functioning substantivally as the local people.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RAASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 οἰκιστὴν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | NAASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | obj | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RP---M-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | nsubj | medium | Substantival article, ‘the people there’; the form is article rather than an independent personal pronoun. |
| 5 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | PD---D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | advmod | high | Dative demonstrative used adverbially, ‘there/in this place’. |
| 6 | Τεύθραντα | Τεύθρας | PROPN | NPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 οἰκιστὴν | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to οἰκιστήν. |
| 7 | Ἀθηναῖον | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὄντα | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ὄντα. |
| 8 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | VPPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Τεύθραντα | acl | high | Accusative present participle agreeing with Τεύθραντα. |
| 9 | ἀποφαίνουσι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | τιμῶσι | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 τιμῶσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | NGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μάλιστα | obl | high | Partitive/superlative genitive with μάλιστα. |
| 14 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 11 τιμῶσι | advmod | high | |
| 15 | Ἰσσωρίαν | Ἰσσωρία | PROPN | NPASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἄρτεμιν | amod | medium | Ethnic/cult epithet agreeing with Ἄρτεμιν; analyzed as a proper-name modifier. |
| 16 | Ἄρτεμιν | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | NPASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τιμῶσι | obj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 τιμῶσι | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐστι | cc | high | Coordinates the final clause with the preceding predicate. |
| 19 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | NNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | σφισίν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---D-P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of possession/association, ‘for them’. |
| 21 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 τιμῶσι | conj | high | Final coordinated copular clause. |
| 22 | Ναΐα | Ναΐος | ADJ | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective/name of the spring, ‘Naia’; indeclinable or substantivized cult designation is possible. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high |
Τευθρώνης δὲ ἀπέχει πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους ἐς θάλασσαν ἀνέχουσα ἄκρα Ταίναρον, καὶ λιμένες ὅ τε Ἀχίλλειός ἐστι καὶ Ψαμαθοῦς, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἄκρᾳ ναὸς εἰκασμένος σπηλαίῳ καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἄγαλμα.
Compressed geographical catalog with several verbless coordinations: ἄκρα Ταίναρον, the two harbor names, and the temple/statue description. The token sequence ὅ τε Ἀχίλλειός ... καὶ Ψαμαθοῦς is morphosyntactically irregular, so the harbor-name attachments are marked medium/low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τευθρώνης | Τευθρώνη | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπέχει | nsubj | medium | Place name; form is nominative, likely subject of ἀπέχει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | πεντήκοντα | πεντήκοντα | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 7 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἑκατὸν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 4 πεντήκοντα | conj | high | |
| 7 | σταδίους | στάδιος | NOUN | N-AAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπέχει | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 9 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνέχουσα | obl | high | Destination/extent adjunct with ἀνέχουσα. |
| 10 | ἀνέχουσα | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἄκρα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ἄκρα; exact attachment in the compressed geography description is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | ἄκρα | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-NFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπέχει | conj | medium | Predicative/geographical coordinate phrase; likely appositional to the subject or coordinated with the distance clause. |
| 12 | Ταίναρον | Ταίναρον | PROPN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄκρα | appos | medium | Place name; accusative form may reflect apposition naming the promontory. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 λιμένες | cc | high | |
| 15 | λιμένες | λιμήν | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπέχει | conj | medium | A verbless coordinated geographical statement, with omitted/copular relation to the preceding clause. |
| 16 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-RNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀχίλλειός | det | low | Part of the correlative pair ὅ τε ... καί; form/agreement is irregular or textually compressed. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 18 Ἀχίλλειός | cc | medium | Correlative enclitic with καί at token 20. |
| 18 | Ἀχίλλειός | Ἀχίλλειος | PROPN | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λιμένες | appos | medium | Place-name adjective substantivized as the name of a harbor; number mismatch with λιμένες reflects the source's compressed naming. |
| 19 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 Ἀχίλλειός | cop | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 Ψαμαθοῦς | cc | high | |
| 21 | Ψαμαθοῦς | Ψαμαθούς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 15 λιμένες | conj | medium | Second harbor name coordinated with Ἀχίλλειός; proper-name gender/declension uncertain. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λιμένες | punct | high | |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 ἄκρᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ναὸς | cc | high | |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | |
| 26 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ναὸς | obl | high | Locative adjunct with ἐπί. |
| 27 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λιμένες | conj | medium | New verbless coordinated description after δέ. |
| 28 | εἰκασμένος | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RPP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 27 ναὸς | acl | high | Perfect passive participle modifying ναός. |
| 29 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 εἰκασμένος | obl | high | Dative complement of εἰκασμένος, 'likened to a cave'. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 31 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 32 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 34 ἄγαλμα | obl | high | Genitive complement of πρό. |
| 33 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Possessor/object relation to ἄγαλμα. |
| 34 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinate nominal in the final verbless description; καί coordinates it with ναός. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | punct | high |