Grammar parses for passage 3.25.4
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ταύτῃ Τεύθραντα Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα ἀποφαίνουσι, τιμῶσι δὲ θεῶν μάλιστα Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ πηγή σφισίν ἐστι Ναΐα.
The sentence has three loosely coordinated clauses; the most uncertain points are ταύτῃ and the appositional structure of Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 οἰκιστὴν | det | high | Article modifying οἰκιστήν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized article meaning 'the men/people'. |
| 5 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'here/in this place'; form also resembles dative feminine of demonstrative. |
| 6 | Τεύθραντα | Τεύθρας | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὄντα | obj | high | Accusative proper name governed by ὄντα. |
| 7 | Ἀθηναῖον | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὄντα | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with Τεύθραντα. |
| 8 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Τεύθραντα | amod | medium | Participial modifier of Τεύθραντα; could be analyzed as supplement/predicative participle. |
| 9 | ἀποφαίνουσι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τιμῶσι | τιμάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause, coordinated/juxtaposed with ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 τιμῶσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Ἄρτεμιν | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with μάλιστα. |
| 14 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 11 τιμῶσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying τιμῶσι. |
| 15 | Ἰσσωρίαν | Ἰσσωρία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἄρτεμιν | compound | medium | Likely part of the deity name 'Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν'. |
| 16 | Ἄρτεμιν | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τιμῶσι | obj | high | Object of τιμῶσι. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 τιμῶσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἐστι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 20 | σφισίν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐστι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 21 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb of the final clause. |
| 22 | Ναΐα | Ναΐα | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πηγή | amod | medium | Likely adjective/named epithet modifying πηγή. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Τευθρώνης δὲ ἀπέχει πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους ἐς θάλασσαν ἀνέχουσα ἄκρα Ταίναρον, καὶ λιμένες ὅ τε Ἀχίλλειός ἐστι καὶ Ψαμαθοῦς, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἄκρᾳ ναὸς εἰκασμένος σπηλαίῳ καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἄγαλμα.
The syntax is partly elliptical and paratactic; several nominatives (λιμένες, ναός, ἄγαλμα) are coordinated as descriptive clauses, with some genitives used predicatively or appositionally.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τευθρώνης | Τευθρώνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπέχει | nsubj | medium | Likely genitive of place-name functioning with ἀπέχει; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 4 | πεντήκοντα | πεντήκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 7 σταδίους | nummod | high | Part of numeral phrase. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἑκατὸν | cc | high | Connects numeral elements. |
| 6 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 4 πεντήκοντα | conj | high | Second numeral in additive expression. |
| 7 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπέχει | obj | high | Accusative of extent/distance. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 θάλασσαν | case | high | Introduces goal phrase. |
| 9 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 10 | ἀνέχουσα | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAP-SF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἄκρα | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying ἄκρα. |
| 11 | ἄκρα | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέχει. |
| 12 | Ταίναρον | Ταίναρον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄκρα | appos | high | Apposition to ἄκρα. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 λιμένες | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding clause. |
| 15 | λιμένες | λιμήν | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπέχει | conj | medium | Likely coordinated predicate nom./new clause subject, though text is elliptical. |
| 16 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun; refers to λιμένες/one of the harbors. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 16 ὅ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 18 | Ἀχίλλειός | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστι | xcomp | medium | Genitive name dependent on copula; likely predicative designation 'of Achilles'. |
| 19 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 λιμένες | acl:relcl | high | Copular verb in relative clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 Ψαμαθοῦς | cc | high | Coordinates names. |
| 21 | Ψαμαθοῦς | Ψαμάθη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστι | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with Ἀχίλλειός as another harbor-name in genitive. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέχει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ἄκρᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἐπὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RD-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | Article modifying ἄκρᾳ. |
| 26 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ναὸς | obl | high | Dative with ἐπὶ. |
| 27 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicative noun of final clause. |
| 28 | εἰκασμένος | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 27 ναὸς | amod | high | Participial modifier of ναός. |
| 29 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 εἰκασμένος | obl | high | Dative complement of εἰκάζω. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates with ἄγαλμα. |
| 31 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 32 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 32 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 34 ἄγαλμα | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 33 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἄγαλμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα, likely possessive or appositional. |
| 34 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinated nominative with ναός. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ναὸς | punct | high | Punctuation. |