Grammar parses for passage 3.8.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ Ἄγιδος τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου βασιλεύοντος Λακεδαιμονίοις ἄλλα τε ἐγένετο ἐς Ἠλείους ἐγκλήματα καὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος τοῦ Ὀλυμπικοῦ καὶ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ὀλυμπίασιν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν εἰργόμενοι μάλιστα ἤχθοντο.
The genitive absolute Ἄγιδος ... βασιλεύοντος sets the time; ἐγένετο governs ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα, while εἰργόμενοι is a nominative plural participle referring to the Lacedaemonians and μάλιστα ἤχθοντο supplies the main predication. The coordination around τοῦ ἀγῶνος is somewhat compressed; τοῦ Ὀλυμπικοῦ καὶ ἱεροῦ modifies ἀγῶνος, and τοῦ Ὀλυμπίασιν introduces the local Olympic institution/context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 βασιλεύοντος | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἄγιδος | Ἄγις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἄγιδος | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identification of Agis. |
| 6 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PPAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor with ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | Substantivized neuter adjective. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 27 ἤχθοντο | parataxis | medium | Past event clause coordinated/paratactic with the following predication. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 Ἠλείους | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐγκλήματα | nmod | high | Object/target of the complaints. |
| 13 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject with singular ἐγένετο. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἤχθοντο | cc | medium | Coordinates the complaints clause with the participial/main predication. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἰργόμενοι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on εἰργόμενοι, likely indicating exclusion from the contest. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ὀλυμπικοῦ | det | high | |
| 18 | Ὀλυμπικοῦ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀγῶνος | amod | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἱεροῦ | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀγῶνος | conj | high | Coordinated with Ὀλυμπικοῦ. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ὀλυμπίασιν | det | medium | Neuter article likely substantivizes/introduces Ὀλυμπίασιν as a local institution or festival context. |
| 22 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 εἰργόμενοι | obl | low | Form is locative dative plural; syntactic attachment is compressed and uncertain. |
| 23 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 24 αὐτῶν | case | high | ὑπό with genitive marks agent. |
| 24 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 25 εἰργόμενοι | obl:agent | high | Refers to the Eleans. |
| 25 | εἰργόμενοι | εἴργω | VERB | V-PPMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 27 ἤχθοντο | advcl | high | Nominative participle agreeing with the Lacedaemonians; εἰργόμενοι is passive, 'being excluded'. |
| 26 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 27 ἤχθοντο | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἤχθοντο | ἄχθομαι | VERB | V-IPI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἤχθοντο | punct | high |
ἀποστέλλουσιν οὖν κήρυκα ἐπίταγμα φέροντα Ἠλείοις Λεπρεάτας τε αὐτονόμους ἀφιέναι καὶ ὅσοι τῶν περιοίκων ἄλλοι σφίσιν ἦσαν ὑπήκοοι.
The accusative κήρυκα is the object of ἀποστέλλουσιν and φέροντα agrees with it; ἐπίταγμα is the thing carried. Ἠλείοις is the dative recipient of the command, whose infinitival content is coordinated ἀφιέναι with Λεπρεάτας and the circumstantial relative clause ὅσοι ... ἦσαν ὑπήκοοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advmod | high | Inferential connective. |
| 3 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἐπίταγμα | ἐπίταγμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 φέροντα | obj | high | Object of φέροντα. |
| 5 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 κήρυκα | acl | high | Participial modifier of κήρυκα. |
| 6 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀφιέναι | iobj | high | Recipient/addressee of the command. |
| 7 | Λεπρεάτας | Λεπρεάτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Subject of the infinitive, accusative with infinitive. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G | _ | 7 Λεπρεάτας | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | αὐτονόμους | αὐτόνομος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Λεπρεάτας | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of Λεπρεάτας with ἀφιέναι. |
| 10 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπίταγμα | nmod | medium | Infinitival content of ἐπίταγμα; semantically governed by φέροντα/command. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 10 ἀφιέναι | cc | high | Coordinates the second release object/relative clause. |
| 12 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν; introduces a free relative. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 περιοίκων | det | high | |
| 14 | περιοίκων | περίοικος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὅσοι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ὅσοι. |
| 15 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἦσαν; substantival sense 'others'. |
| 16 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 18 ὑπήκοοι | obl | high | Dative of allegiance/dependence with ὑπήκοοι. |
| 17 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 18 | ὑπήκοοι | ὑπήκοος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of ἦσαν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |
ἀποκριναμένων δὲ Ἠλείων ὡς ἐπειδὰν τὰς περιοικίδας τῆς Σπάρτης πόλεις ἴδωσιν ἐλευθέρας, οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ μελλήσουσιν ἔτι ἀφιέναι τὰς ἑαυτῶν, οὕτω Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἆγις ἐσβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Ἠλείαν.
Genitive absolute ἀποκριναμένων Ἠλείων introduces a reported ὡς-clause; ἐπειδάν governs the temporal subjunctive ἴδωσιν, while μέλλω takes the infinitive ἀφιέναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποκριναμένων | ἀποκρίνομαι | VERB | V--AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἠλείων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀποκριναμένων | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 ἀποκριναμένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 μελλήσουσιν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause. |
| 5 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | CONJ | Mood=Subjunctive | 11 ἴδωσιν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T--APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 10 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 7 | περιοικίδας | περιοικίς | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 11 ἴδωσιν | obj | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 9 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 9 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 7 περιοικίδας | nmod | high | Dependent genitive. |
| 10 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NPF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 11 ἴδωσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement with ἴδωσιν: 'see ... as cities'; agrees with object. |
| 11 | ἴδωσιν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAS-3P | Mood=Subjunctive|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 μελλήσουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal clause governed by ἐπειδάν. |
| 12 | ἐλευθέρας | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A--APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 7 περιοικίδας | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with περιοικίδας. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἴδωσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 μελλήσουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second reported clause. |
| 15 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P--NPМ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Personal | 16 μελλήσουσιν | nsubj | high | Refers to the Eleans. |
| 16 | μελλήσουσιν | μέλλω | VERB | V-FIA-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | ccomp | high | Main verb of the reported ὡς-clause. |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἀφιέναι | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 16 μελλήσουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μέλλω. |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T--APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 20 ἑαυτῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Reflexive | 19 τὰς | nmod | medium | Possessive genitive modifying τὰς ...; token form is invariant in gender/number here. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 μελλήσουσιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | Correlative adverb, 'thus'. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | cc | high | |
| 25 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 26 βασιλεὺς | det | high | |
| 26 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 27 Ἆγις | appos | high | Appositive title/name construction. |
| 27 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 23 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | conj | high | Coordinated with Λακεδαιμόνιοι; subject includes the king Agis. |
| 28 | ἐσβάλλουσιν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 Ἠλείαν | case | high | |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 31 Ἠλείαν | det | high | |
| 31 | Ἠλείαν | Ἠλεία | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | obl | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐσβάλλουσιν | punct | high |