Grammar parses for passage 3.8.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε μὲν δὴ τοῦ θεοῦ σείσαντος ὀπίσω τὸ στράτευμα ἀπεχώρησεν ἄχρι Ὀλυμπίας καὶ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ προελθόντες·
Genitive absolute τοῦ θεοῦ σείσαντος is the main syntactic difficulty; προελθόντες is a coordinated nominative circumstantial participle with a compressed genitive complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is understood or follows contextually. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Particle | _ | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 σείσαντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | σείσαντος | σείω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Part-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 7 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | Adverb | _ | 6 σείσαντος | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘back/behind’, modifying σείσαντος. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 9 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σείσαντος | obj | medium | Accusative object of σείσαντος; the construction is semantically ‘having shaken the army back’. |
| 10 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-3-Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | Prep | _ | 12 Ὀλυμπίας | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπίας | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 προελθόντες | cc | high | Coordinates the participial phrase with the preceding adjunctial phrase. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 προελθόντες | obl | medium | Genitive complement with προελθόντες, expressing movement onward as far as the Alpheios; syntactically somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | προελθόντες | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Part-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle, whose understood subject is the army/persons represented by the finite clause. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ ἐφεξῆς ἔτει τήν τε χώραν ἐδῄωσεν ὁ Ἆγις καὶ ἤλασε τῆς λείας τὴν πολλήν.
The dative phrase τῷ ... ἔτει is a temporal adjunct; τήν τε χώραν and τῆς λείας τὴν πολλήν are coordinated verbal complements, with πολλήν substantivized and agreeing with τήν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔτει | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἔτει | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 5 | τήν | ὁ | DET | RA-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 χώραν | det | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 χώραν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 7 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐδῄωσεν | δηιόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active; lemma conventionally represented as δηιόω/δηόω. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἆγις | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἤλασε | cc | high | Coordinates the second verb. |
| 12 | ἤλασε | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐδῄωσεν; subject is shared. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 λείας | det | high | |
| 14 | λείας | λεία | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πολλήν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized πολλήν. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πολλήν | det | high | |
| 16 | πολλήν | πολύς | ADJ | A-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἤλασε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the greater part’; τῆς λείας is genitive dependent. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐδῄωσεν | punct | high |
Ξενίας δὲ ἀνὴρ Ἠλεῖος Ἄγιδί τε ἰδίᾳ ξένος καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τοῦ κοινοῦ πρόξενος ἐπανέστη τῷ δήμῳ σὺν τοῖς τὰ χρήματα ἔχουσι·
Ξενίας is the subject of ἐπανέστη; ξένος and πρόξενος are coordinated predicative nouns, while σὺν τοῖς τὰ χρήματα ἔχουσι is a comitative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ξενίας | Ξενίας | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπανέστη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐπανέστη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ξενίας | appos | high | |
| 4 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | |
| 5 | Ἄγιδί | Ἄγις | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ξένος | obl | high | Dative with ἰδίᾳ ξένος. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 8 ξένος | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ξένος | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative, ‘privately/personally’. |
| 8 | ξένος | ξένος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πρόξενος | conj | medium | First predicate of the coordinated ξένος ... καὶ πρόξενος construction. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 πρόξενος | cc | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κοινοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 κοινοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | κοινοῦ | κοινός | NOUN | N--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πρόξενος | nmod | high | τοῦ κοινοῦ, ‘the common/public body’. |
| 13 | πρόξενος | πρόξενος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπανέστη | xcomp | high | Second predicative noun with ἐπανέστη. |
| 14 | ἐπανέστη | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δήμῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | δήμῳ | δῆμος | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπανέστη | obl | high | Dative object/target of ἐπανέστη. |
| 17 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 τοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔχουσι | det | high | Substantivizing article with τὰ χρήματα ἔχουσι. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 20 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἔχουσι | obj | high | |
| 21 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπανέστη | obl | high | Substantival participial phrase governed by σὺν. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπανέστη | punct | high |
πρὶν δὲ Ἆγιν καὶ τὸν στρατὸν ἀφῖχθαί σφισιν ἀμύνοντας, Θρασυδαῖος προεστηκὼς τότε τοῦ Ἠλείων δήμου μάχῃ Ξενίαν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ κρατήσας ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως.
πρὶν introduces a circumstantial infinitival clause with Ἆγιν καὶ τὸν στρατόν as accusative subjects; ἀμύνοντας is an agreeing accusative participle. Θρασυδαῖος is the main subject, with προεστηκώς and κρατήσας as circumstantial participles; μάχῃ is an instrumental dative. The form ἀφῖχθαί is analyzed as an aorist middle infinitive, though the spelling/diathesis is somewhat difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 7 ἀφῖχθαί | mark | high | Temporal subordinator governing the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἆγιν | Ἆγις | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφῖχθαί | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 στρατὸν | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative subjects/objects. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DAAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφῖχθαί | nsubj | high | Second accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | ἀφῖχθαί | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AIM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | medium | Aorist middle infinitive; governed by πρίν and with accusative subjects. |
| 8 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 ἀμύνοντας | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/recipient with ἀμύνοντας. |
| 9 | ἀμύνοντας | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAP-AM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀφῖχθαί | advcl | medium | Present active participle, agreeing with Ἆγιν καὶ τὸν στρατόν; circumstantial sense. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Θρασυδαῖος | Θρασυδαῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject. |
| 12 | προεστηκὼς | προΐστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Perfect active participle, circumstantial to the main verb. |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 προεστηκὼς | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participial clause. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DGMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δήμου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 δήμου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective substantivally modifying δήμου. |
| 16 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προεστηκὼς | obl | high | Genitive complement with προεστηκώς. |
| 17 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 κρατήσας | obl | medium | Instrumental or manner dative with κρατήσας. |
| 18 | Ξενίαν | Ξενίας | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 κρατήσας | obj | high | Object of κρατήσας. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 τοὺς | cc | high | Coordinates Ξενίαν with τούς. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 κρατήσας | obj | high | Article substantivizing the following group. |
| 21 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 22 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 22 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 20 τοὺς | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier identifying the men with him. |
| 23 | κρατήσας | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, prior/circumstantial to ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 24 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 27 πόλεως | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεως. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 27 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | obl | high | Source/location complement of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high |