Grammar parses for passage 4.15.5
Open translation for this passage
παραιτουμένου τε, οὕτω στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα εἵλοντο.
Genitive absolute at the start; τε links the participial clause loosely to the main clause, and στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα is the selected office/title.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραιτουμένου | παραιτέομαι | VERB | PAPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 εἵλοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 1 παραιτουμένου | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | advmod | high | Modifies the main verb. |
| 5 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἵλοντο | obj | high | Object complement / direct object in accusative. |
| 6 | αὐτοκράτορα | αὐτοκράτωρ | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατηγὸν | amod | medium | Predicative/appositive adjective modifying στρατηγόν. |
| 7 | εἵλοντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Ἀριστομένει δὲ παρίστατο μηδʼ ἂν ἄλλον ἀπαξιῶσαι παθεῖν τι ἐν πολέμῳ δράσαντα ἄξια μνήμης· αὑτῷ μέντοι καὶ πρὸ παντὸς ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι, ἔτι ἀρχομένου τοῦ πολέμου Λακεδαιμονίους καταπλήξαντα φαίνεσθαι καὶ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντά σφισι φοβερώτερον.
The syntax is partly paratactic: παρίστατο and ἐνόμιζεν are both clause heads, with several participial and infinitival complements; the comparative φοβερώτερον is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένει | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | NNP | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 παρίστατο | nsubj | high | Dative of reference/interest with impersonal παρίστατο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 παρίστατο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-IMPERF-MID-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 4 | μηδʼ | μηδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | cc | medium | Correlative negative connective before ἄν. |
| 5 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | advmod | medium | Modal particle with infinitive construction. |
| 6 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀπαξιῶσαι. |
| 7 | ἀπαξιῶσαι | ἀπαξιόω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-INF | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on παρίστατο. |
| 8 | παθεῖν | πάσχω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-INF | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | xcomp | medium | Infinitival complement; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | PX | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 παθεῖν | obj | high | Indefinite pronoun modifying the object of παθεῖν. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 πολέμῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 11 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 παθεῖν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐν. |
| 12 | δράσαντα | δράω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PTCP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | advcl | high | Participle agreeing with ἄλλον. |
| 13 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 παθεῖν | obj | medium | Likely predicative/objective relation in the infinitival clause; uncertain. |
| 14 | μνήμης | μνήμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 ἄξια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄξια. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρίστατο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 16 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | X | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference. |
| 17 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | discourse | high | Discourse particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 πρὸ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 20 παντὸς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | obl | high | Fixed phrase πρὸ παντός = before all else. |
| 21 | ἐνόμιζεν | νομίζω | VERB | V-IMPERF-ACT-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; coordination with first clause is loose/paratactic. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PRES-ACT-INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐνόμιζεν. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 30 φαίνεσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying φαίνεσθαι clause. |
| 25 | ἀρχομένου | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PRES-MID-PTCP | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 πολέμου | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τοῦ πολέμου. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 πολέμου | det | high | Article with πολέμου. |
| 27 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 ἀρχομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 28 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 29 καταπλήξαντα | obj | high | Object of καταπλήξαντα. |
| 29 | καταπλήξαντα | καταπλήσσω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PTCP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 φαίνεσθαι | advcl | high | Participial complement to φαίνεσθαι. |
| 30 | φαίνεσθαι | φαίνω | VERB | V-PRES-MID-INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐνόμιζεν. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 φαίνεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding infinitival complement. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 33 τὰ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 34 μέλλοντά | det | high | Article with μέλλοντά. |
| 34 | μέλλοντά | μέλλω | VERB | V-PRES-ACT-PTCP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 φαίνεσθαι | obl | high | Substantival participle governed by ἐς. |
| 35 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 36 φοβερώτερον | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference with comparative. |
| 36 | φοβερώτερον | φοβερός | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Accusative|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 30 φαίνεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicative form; agreement with implied neuter object/idea is uncertain. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |