Grammar parses for passage 4.15.5
Open translation for this passage
παραιτουμένου τε, οὕτω στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα εἵλοντο.
Genitive absolute παραιτουμένου τε introduces the circumstance that someone was declining/refusing; οὕτω modifies the election, and στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα is a double predicative accusative complement of εἵλοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραιτουμένου | παραιτέομαι | VERB | V-PPAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 εἵλοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; masculine singular assumed from elliptical subject. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παραιτουμένου | cc | high | Coordinating enclitic linking the genitive-absolute participle with the following circumstance. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | punct | high | |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'thus/in this way'. |
| 5 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἵλοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of the object understood with the middle verb. |
| 6 | αὐτοκράτορα | αὐτοκράτωρ | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατηγὸν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of στρατηγόν; together they form the predicative designation. |
| 7 | εἵλοντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle of αἱρέω, 'they chose/elected'; object is implicit/understood. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 εἵλοντο | punct | high |
Ἀριστομένει δὲ παρίστατο μηδʼ ἂν ἄλλον ἀπαξιῶσαι παθεῖν τι ἐν πολέμῳ δράσαντα ἄξια μνήμης· αὑτῷ μέντοι καὶ πρὸ παντὸς ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι, ἔτι ἀρχομένου τοῦ πολέμου Λακεδαιμονίους καταπλήξαντα φαίνεσθαι καὶ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντά σφισι φοβερώτερον.
The construction παρίστατο μηδʼ ἂν ἄλλον ἀπαξιῶσαι παθεῖν is impersonal/semantically ‘it occurred to Aristomenes that he would not deem another unworthy of suffering something’; δράσαντα agrees with τι, while καταπλήξαντα is a predicative participle with the understood subject of εἶναι/φαίνεσθαι (Aristomenes).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένει | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | NeosgDat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παρίστατο | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, idiomatic impersonal/mental-state construction. |
| 4 | μηδʼ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | cc | high | Elided form of μηδέ. |
| 5 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | advmod | high | Modal particle with infinitive. |
| 6 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | PRON | A--ms--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἀπαξιῶσαι | ἀπαξιόω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 παρίστατο | ccomp | medium | Infinitive governed by παρίστατο; modal μηδʼ ἂν phrase is compressed. |
| 8 | παθεῖν | πάσχω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπαξιῶσαι | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | P---na-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παθεῖν | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--ms--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παθεῖν | obl | high | |
| 12 | δράσαντα | δράω | VERB | V--sapmsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 τι | acl | medium | Participle agrees formally with masculine ἄλλον if construed as ‘having done’; semantic attachment to τι is also possible in the Greek. |
| 13 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A--na-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 παθεῖν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement with παθεῖν τι, ‘suffer things worthy…’. |
| 14 | μνήμης | μνήμη | NOUN | N--sg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄξια | nmod | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρίστατο | punct | high | |
| 16 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--3ms--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | iobj | high | Reflexive dative, ‘for himself’. |
| 17 | μέντοι | μέντοι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | cc | high | Connects the second assertion with the preceding thought. |
| 19 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 παντὸς | case | high | |
| 20 | παντὸς | πᾶς | PRON | A--gs--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | obl | high | With πρό, ‘before everything/above all’; attached semantically to εἶναι. |
| 21 | ἐνόμιζεν | νομίζω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 3 παρίστατο | parataxis | high | |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐνόμιζεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐνόμιζεν. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἀρχομένου | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἀρχομένου | ἄρχω | VERB | V--sgp--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 27 πολέμου | acl | high | Genitive absolute with τοῦ πολέμου. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--msg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 27 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--sg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | advcl | high | Head noun of genitive absolute. |
| 28 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Neap---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 καταπλήξαντα | obj | high | |
| 29 | καταπλήξαντα | καταπλήσσω | VERB | V--sapmsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 30 φαίνεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative participle, agreeing with the understood subject of εἶναι/φαίνεσθαι; singular masculine despite plural object Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 30 | φαίνεσθαι | φαίνομαι | VERB | V--pmn--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated in sense with εἶναι; ‘to appear/show oneself’. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 φοβερώτερον | cc | high | |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 τὰ | case | high | |
| 33 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--nap--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 μέλλοντά | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 34 | μέλλοντά | μέλλω | VERB | V--pnap--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 36 φοβερώτερον | obl | high | Articular participle, ‘future events’; ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα. |
| 35 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pd--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 36 φοβερώτερον | iobj | high | |
| 36 | φοβερώτερον | φοβερός | ADJ | A--ans--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 φαίνεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicative adjective, ‘more frightening’; neuter singular is substantival/elliptical, with coordinated phrase καὶ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα σφισι. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρίστατο | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ οὕτως ἔχων, ἀφικόμενος νύκτωρ ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα ἀνατίθησιν ἀσπίδα πρὸς τὸν τῆς Χαλκιοίκου ναόν· ἐπεγέγραπτο δὲ Ἀριστομένην ἀπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν διδόναι τῇ θεῷ.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses: ἀνατίθησιν and ἐπεγέγραπτο. In the second, Ἀριστομένην is the accusative subject of the infinitive διδόναι, understood as the inscription's wording.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἔχων | mark | medium | Causal/concessive particle introducing the circumstantial participial phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἀνατίθησιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἔχων | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | PAPrt a | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀφικόμενος | advcl | high | Circumstantial present active nominative masculine singular participle. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφικόμενος | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | PMP a | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἀνατίθησιν | advcl | high | Aorist middle circumstantial participle, same subject as ἀνατίθησιν. |
| 7 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀφικόμενος | advmod | high | Adverb meaning at night/by night. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 10 Λακεδαίμονα | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Λακεδαίμονα | det | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 11 | ἀνατίθησιν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | VPAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνατίθησιν | obj | high | |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 17 ναόν | case | high | |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ναόν | det | high | |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Χαλκιοίκου | det | high | |
| 16 | Χαλκιοίκου | Χαλκίοικος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ναόν | nmod | high | Genitive feminine divine epithet modifying ναόν. |
| 17 | ναόν | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνατίθησιν | obl | high | Destination/goal phrase with πρός. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀνατίθησιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐπεγέγραπτο | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | VLPQ3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | New finite clause after the middle dot; pluperfect passive, with implied subject ἀσπίς. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἐπεγέγραπτο | cc | high | |
| 21 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διδόναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive διδόναι in an inscription formula. |
| 22 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 23 Σπαρτιατῶν | case | high | |
| 23 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 διδόναι | obl | high | Source/origin phrase, from the Spartans. |
| 24 | διδόναι | δίδωμι | VERB | VNPA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἐπεγέγραπτο | ccomp | high | Infinitive expressing the inscription's content. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 26 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 διδόναι | iobj | high | Recipient of διδόναι; feminine θεῷ refers to the goddess. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐπεγέγραπτο | punct | high |