Grammar parses for passage 4.15.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι Λακεδαιμονίοις συμβάλλουσιν ἐν Δέραις καλουμέναις τῆς σφετέρας, ἔτει πρώτῳ μετὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν·
The locative phrase ἐν Δέραις καλουμέναις τῆς σφετέρας is analyzed as a place-name modified by a passive participle, with σφετέρας functioning as a possessive genitive whose head noun is understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | iobj | high | Dative opponent/participant with συμβάλλουσιν. |
| 6 | συμβάλλουσιν | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 8 Δέραις | case | high | |
| 8 | Δέραις | Δέραι | PROPN | N-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Place name; ἐν governs the dative. |
| 9 | καλουμέναις | καλέω | VERB | V-PP-D-FP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 Δέραις | acl | medium | Agreement and sense make this a passive participial modifier of Δέραις; the lexical form may reflect a supplied/variant spelling. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 σφετέρας | det | high | |
| 11 | σφετέρας | σφέτερος | DET | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 8 Δέραις | nmod | medium | Possessive genitive, with an elided or contextually understood noun (territory/land). |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 14 | πρώτῳ | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔτει | amod | high | |
| 15 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 17 ἀπόστασιν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀπόστασιν | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀπόστασιν | ἀπόστασις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔτει | obl | high | Object of μετά in the temporal phrase. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | punct | high |
ἀπῆσαν δὲ ἀμφοτέροις οἱ σύμμαχοι.
The verb ἀπῆσαν means ‘were absent/away’; ἀμφοτέροις is a dative of respect or association, ‘for both sides’; οἱ σύμμαχοι is the nominative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπῆσαν | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπῆσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P-DMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπῆσαν | obl | medium | Dative of association/respect; understood as referring to both parties. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 σύμμαχοι | det | high | |
| 5 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπῆσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπῆσαν | punct | high |
καὶ νίκη μὲν ἐγένετο οὐδετέρων σαφής, Ἀριστομένην δὲ ἔργα φασὶν ἀποδείξασθαι πλέον τι ἢ ἄνδρα ἕνα εἰκὸς ἦν, ὥστε καὶ βασιλέα μετὰ τὴν μάχην ᾑροῦντο αὐτόν, ἦν γὰρ καὶ γένους τῶν Αἰπυτιδῶν·
The sentence contrasts an unclear outcome with Aristomenes' exceptional exploits; ἔργα is the accusative subject of the infinitive ἀποδείξασθαι under φασίν, and πλέον τι ἢ ἄνδρα ἕνα εἰκὸς ἦν is an elliptical comparative expression. The final ἦν γένους construction means that he was also of the lineage of the Aepytids.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | οὐδετέρων | οὐδέτερος | PRON | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγένετο | nmod | high | Partitive genitive: of neither side. |
| 6 | σαφής | σαφής | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 νίκη | amod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 φασὶν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἀποδείξασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀποδείξασθαι in indirect statement. |
| 11 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγένετο | parataxis | high | |
| 12 | ἀποδείξασθαι | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 11 φασὶν | ccomp | high | |
| 13 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποδείξασθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative comparative, substantivized/elliptical. |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | X-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πλέον | advmod | medium | Indefinite particle/pronoun strengthening the comparative. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 πλέον | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἢ | obl | medium | Comparative standard; construction is elliptical. |
| 17 | ἕνα | εἷς | NUM | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄνδρα | nummod | high | |
| 18 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Impersonal expression, ‘it was likely/reasonable’. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 12 ἀποδείξασθαι | advcl | medium | Elliptical clause governing the comparative standard. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ᾑροῦντο | mark | high | Consecutive/result conjunction. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ᾑροῦντο | advmod | high | |
| 23 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ᾑροῦντο | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with αἱρέω: chose him as king. |
| 24 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 μάχην | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 μάχην | det | high | |
| 26 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ᾑροῦντο | obl | high | |
| 27 | ᾑροῦντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite clause; middle voice means ‘they chose’. |
| 28 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 27 ᾑροῦντο | obj | high | |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ᾑροῦντο | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 27 ᾑροῦντο | parataxis | high | Explanatory clause. |
| 31 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 30 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 γένους | advmod | high | Also/additionally. |
| 33 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἦν | obl | high | Genitive of origin/lineage with εἰμί. |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 Αἰπυτιδῶν | det | high | |
| 35 | Αἰπυτιδῶν | Αἰπυτίδαι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 γένους | nmod | high | Patronymic/lineage name. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἦν | punct | high |