Grammar parses for passage 4.15.3
Open translation for this passage
δῆλα οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ὕστερον τρίτῃ γενεᾷ τὸν πόλεμον οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τόνδε ἐπολέμησαν.
Main clause with copular predicate δῆλα and an introduced content clause headed by ἐπολέμησαν; ὡς is treated as marker of the subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 3 ἐστιν | csubj | medium | Likely predicate adjective with implied subject 'it'/'this'. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | P3SPAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 5 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A--FDN--- | Case=Dative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 γενεᾷ | amod | high | Attributive modifier of γενεᾷ. |
| 7 | γενεᾷ | γενεά | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article used substantivally. |
| 11 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | nsubj | high | Proper adjective functioning as noun. |
| 12 | τόνδε | ὅδε | DET | PD-ASM--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying πόλεμον. |
| 13 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V3PAIA--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 3 ἐστιν | ccomp | high | Verb of the reported clause. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
ἀποδείκνυσί τε τοῦ χρόνου τὸ συνεχὲς βασιλεύοντας τηνικαῦτα ἐν Σπάρτῃ Ἀνάξανδρον Εὐρυκράτους τοῦ Πολυδώρου, τῆς δὲ οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας Ἀναξίδαμον Ζευξιδάμου τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου τοῦ Θεοπόμπου.
The syntax is compressed and partly appositional; βασιλεύοντας likely governs the royal names, with several nested genitive patronymics and a following δεύτερος branch introduced by δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποδείκνυσί | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, sentence root. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χρόνου | det | high | Article modifying χρόνου. |
| 4 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with συνεχές. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 συνεχὲς | det | high | Article modifying συνεχές. |
| 6 | συνεχὲς | συνεχής | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | obj | medium | Likely substantive/abstract object: 'the continuity'. |
| 7 | βασιλεύοντας | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with implied subjects. |
| 8 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D | _ | 7 βασιλεύοντας | advmod | high | Adverb modifying βασιλεύοντας. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 10 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεύοντας | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 11 | Ἀνάξανδρον | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεύοντας | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of βασιλεύοντας in historical style. |
| 12 | Εὐρυκράτους | Εὐυκράτης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀνάξανδρον | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive; lemma uncertain in spelling. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Πολυδώρου | det | high | Article modifying Πολυδώρου. |
| 14 | Πολυδώρου | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Εὐρυκράτους | nmod | high | Nested genitive patronymic. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 οἰκίας | det | high | Article modifying οἰκίας. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 18 οἰκίας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 18 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | nmod | high | Genitive phrase dependent on χρόνου / συνεχές context. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἑτέρας | det | high | Article modifying ἑτέρας. |
| 20 | ἑτέρας | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 οἰκίας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying οἰκίας. |
| 21 | Ἀναξίδαμον | Ἀναξίδαμος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 οἰκίας | appos | medium | Appositional accusative name within the house-lineage list. |
| 22 | Ζευξιδάμου | Ζευξίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀναξίδαμον | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρχιδάμου. |
| 24 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ζευξιδάμου | nmod | high | Nested patronymic genitive. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Θεοπόμπου | det | high | Article modifying Θεοπόμπου. |
| 26 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀρχιδάμου | nmod | high | Final nested patronymic genitive. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποδείκνυσί | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κατέβην δὲ ἐς ἀπόγονον Θεοπόμπου τέταρτον, ὅτι Ἀρχίδαμος ὁ Θεοπόμπου προαπέθανε τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἐς Ζευξίδαμον υἱιδοῦν ὄντα ἡ Θεοπόμπου περιῆλθεν ἀρχή.
The syntax is a main clause with a subordinate ὅτι-clause and a coordinated second finite clause; the genitive/article sequence around Θεοπόμπου in the last clause is textually awkward.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατέβην | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-1AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 κατέβην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἀπόγονον | case | high | Marks the prepositional complement. |
| 4 | ἀπόγονον | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κατέβην | obl | high | Object of εἰς. |
| 5 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | Ne-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπόγονον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀπόγονον. |
| 6 | τέταρτον | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπόγονον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἀπόγονον. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατέβην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 προαπέθανε | mark | high | Introduces a subordinate clause. |
| 9 | Ἀρχίδαμος | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | Ne-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προαπέθανε | nsubj | high | Subject of προαπέθανε. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Θεοπόμπου | det | high | Article with Θεοπόμπου. |
| 11 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | Ne-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀρχίδαμος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 12 | προαπέθανε | προαποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ὅτι | ccomp | medium | Finite verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 πατρὸς | det | high | Article with πατρός. |
| 14 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προαπέθανε | obl | high | Genitive argument/complement of προαπέθανε. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 προαπέθανε | cc | high | Coordinates clauses. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 17 Ζευξίδαμον | case | high | Marks the prepositional complement. |
| 17 | Ζευξίδαμον | Ζευξίδαμος | PROPN | Ne-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 περιῆλθεν | obl | high | Object of εἰς. |
| 18 | υἱιδοῦν | υἱιδόος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ζευξίδαμον | amod | low | Uncertain form; likely adjectival modifier of Ζευξίδαμον. |
| 19 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 Ζευξίδαμον | acl | medium | Participial clause modifying Ζευξίδαμον. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Θεοπόμπου | det | high | Article with Θεοπόμπου. |
| 21 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | Ne-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀρχή | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἀρχή; article is anomalous in form/gender. |
| 22 | περιῆλθεν | περιέρχομαι | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 προαπέθανε | conj | high | Coordinated with προαπέθανε. |
| 23 | ἀρχή | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 περιῆλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιῆλθεν. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατέβην | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |