Grammar parses for passage 4.15.3
Open translation for this passage
δῆλα οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ὕστερον τρίτῃ γενεᾷ τὸν πόλεμον οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τόνδε ἐπολέμησαν.
ὡς introduces an explanatory/content clause dependent on δῆλα ἐστιν; τὸν πόλεμον is the object of ἐπολέμησαν, with τόνδε agreeing attributively. The temporal sequence ὕστερον τρίτῃ γενεᾷ is interpreted as ‘later, in the third generation.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural predicate adjective with ἐστιν, in an impersonal construction. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G--------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb governing δῆλα and the ὡς clause. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | mark | medium | Content/explanatory conjunction; the clause functions as the complement of δῆλα ἐστιν. |
| 5 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘later’. |
| 6 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γενεᾷ | amod | high | agrees with γενεᾷ. |
| 7 | γενεᾷ | γενεά | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Dative temporal expression, ‘in the third generation.’ |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | Definite article agreeing with πόλεμον. |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | high | Accusative direct object of ἐπολέμησαν. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S--NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the ethnic name. |
| 11 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπολέμησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper noun functioning as subject. |
| 12 | τόνδε | ὅδε | DET | S--AMS | Case=Acc|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with πόλεμον, ‘this war’. |
| 13 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V3PAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Aorist indicative; exact attachment of the ὡς clause may be analyzed as ccomp of the copular predicate rather than directly of ἐστιν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
Λεωτυχίδης δὲ μετὰ Δημάρατον βασιλεύσας φαίνεται τὸν Ἀρίστωνος· Θεοπόμπου δὲ Ἀρίστων ἀπόγονος ἕβδομος.
The first clause has μετὰ Δημάρατον with a temporal/sequence sense (‘after Demaratus’), βασιλεύσας as a circumstantial aorist participle with subject Λεωτυχίδης, and φαίνεται governing the accusative-and-infinitive-like construction τὸν Ἀρίστωνος (understood βασιλεύσας/βασιλεύειν). The second clause is nominal: Ἀρίστων is the seventh descendant of Θεόπομπος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λεωτυχίδης | Λεωτυχίδης | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φαίνεται | nsubj | high | Subject of φαίνεται and understood subject of βασιλεύσας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φαίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Δημάρατον | case | high | With accusative Δημάρατον, temporal (‘after’). |
| 4 | Δημάρατον | Δημάρατος | PROPN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσας | obl | high | Object of temporal μετὰ. |
| 5 | βασιλεύσας | βασιλεύω | VERB | V--AAPNSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 φαίνεται | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, subject Λεωτυχίδης. |
| 6 | φαίνεται | φαίνω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle φαίνομαι, ‘appears/is shown’; construction is elliptical after it. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀρίστωνος | det | high | Article substantivizing or marking the accusative phrase. |
| 8 | Ἀρίστωνος | Ἀρίστων | PROPN | N--SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσας | obl | medium | Genitive of patronymic relation (‘of Ariston’); τὸν Ἀρίστωνος is elliptical, with βασιλεύσας/βασιλεύειν understood. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φαίνεται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 10 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N--SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπόγονος | nmod | high | Genitive of descent with ἀπόγονος. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀπόγονος | cc | high | Connective introducing the nominal clause. |
| 12 | Ἀρίστων | Ἀρίστων | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπόγονος | nsubj | high | Subject of the verbless nominal clause. |
| 13 | ἀπόγονος | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate noun of the verbless second clause; treated as a coordinated root after the punctuation. |
| 14 | ἕβδομος | ἕβδομος | ADJ | A--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπόγονος | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying ἀπόγονος. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπόγονος | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |