Grammar parses for passage 4.15.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐν δὲ Λακεδαίμονι οἵ τινες τηνικαῦτα ἔτυχον βασιλεύοντες, Τυρταῖος μὲν τὰ ὀνόματα οὐκ ἔγραψε, Ῥιανὸς δʼ ἐποίησεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι Λεωτυχίδην βασιλέα ἐπὶ τοῦδε εἶναι τοῦ πολέμου.
The initial relative clause is an existential/temporal frame: οἵ τινες ... ἔτυχον βασιλεύοντες. In the second clause, ἐποίησεν governs an infinitival content construction, with Λεωτυχίδην as the accusative subject of εἶναι and βασιλέα as its predicate accusative; ἐπὶ τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου modifies εἶναι/βασιλέα temporally. The identity of οἵ τινες is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔτυχον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔτυχον | obl | high | Locative dative. |
| 4 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | P--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 ἔτυχον | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun with elliptical antecedent/contextual reference. |
| 5 | τινες | τις | PRON | P--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 4 οἵ | det | medium | Indefinite/delimitative modifier of οἵ. |
| 6 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἔτυχον | advmod | high | Temporal demonstrative adverb. |
| 7 | ἔτυχον | τυγχάνω | VERB | V--IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | ἔτυχον + participle means 'happened to be'. |
| 8 | βασιλεύοντες | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PNAPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἔτυχον | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle with ἔτυχον. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔτυχον | punct | high | |
| 10 | Τυρταῖος | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔγραψε | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Q---- | _ | 15 ἔγραψε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δʼ. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 13 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔγραψε | obj | high | Object of ἔγραψε. |
| 14 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἔγραψε | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἔγραψε | γράφω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | high | First member of μέν ... δέ coordination. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔγραψε | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ῥιανὸς | Ῥιανός | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 19 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔτυχον | parataxis | high | Coordinates with ἔγραψε. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 22 ἔπεσι | case | high | |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S--DPN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἔπεσι | det | high | |
| 22 | ἔπεσι | ἔπος | NOUN | N--DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Medium/source: 'in the verses'. |
| 23 | Λεωτυχίδην | Λεωτυχίδης | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 24 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 26 τοῦδε | case | high | |
| 26 | τοῦδε | ὅδε | DET | S--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 πολέμου | det | high | Demonstrative article-like modifier. |
| 27 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐποίησεν. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 29 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί; temporal phrase. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔτυχον | punct | high |
Τυρταῖον δὲ καὶ οὐ λέγοντα ὅμως εἰρηκέναι τις ἂν ἐν τῷδε ἡγοῖτο.
Τυρταῖον is an accusative infinitival subject/predicative nominal with εἰρηκέναι; λέγοντα is a concessive/contrastive participle agreeing with it. τις is the subject of ἡγοῖτο, with ἂν marking potential optative; ἐν τῷδε is a locative adjunct. The exact scope of οὐ with λέγοντα is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυρταῖον | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | A-N---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰρηκέναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἰρηκέναι; masculine personal name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἡγοῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 λέγοντα | cc | high | Coordinates the participial phrase. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 λέγοντα | advmod | high | Negates λέγοντα. |
| 5 | λέγοντα | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Τυρταῖον | acl | medium | Accusative masculine singular participle, agreeing with Τυρταῖον; concessive or circumstantial use. |
| 6 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 εἰρηκέναι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning nevertheless/nonetheless. |
| 7 | εἰρηκέναι | ἐρῶ | VERB | V--RAN---- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἡγοῖτο | xcomp | medium | Perfect active infinitive, dependent on ἡγοῖτο; lemma conventionally represented by εἴρω/ἐρῶ, with citation ambiguity. |
| 8 | τις | τις | PRON | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 ἡγοῖτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite nominative subject of ἡγοῖτο. |
| 9 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | D-------- | _ | 12 ἡγοῖτο | aux | high | Potential particle with the optative. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 τῷδε | case | high | Preposition governing τῷδε. |
| 11 | τῷδε | ὅδε | DET | P-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἡγοῖτο | obl | high | Dative demonstrative substantivized or modifying an elided neuter noun; object of ἐν. |
| 12 | ἡγοῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V3SPO--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative, ‘one might think/consider’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγοῖτο | punct | high |
ἐλεγεῖα γὰρ ἐς τὸν πρότερόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ πόλεμον·
The sentence is verbless in interpretation: ἐλεγεῖα is the subject/topic, with ἐστιν as copula and πόλεμον as a predicate accusative or appositional complement; πρότερον modifies πόλεμον and αὐτῷ is dative of reference/possession. The syntax is somewhat elliptical, so the complement analysis is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | Nb----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 6 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 πόλεμον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ma---- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πρότερόν | det | high | |
| 5 | πρότερόν | πρότερος | ADJ | A-S---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεμον | amod | high | Comparative adjective used substantivally/modifying πόλεμον. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; the construction is semantically elliptical. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3s----d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference or possession. |
| 8 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nb----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Accusative complement in an elliptical/atypical copular construction; relation uncertain. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἀμφʼ αὐτῇ δʼ ἐμάχοντʼ ἐννέα καὶ δέκʼ ἔτη νωλεμέως, αἰεὶ ταλασίφρονα θυμὸν ἔχοντες, αἰχμηταὶ πατέρων ἡμετέρων πατέρες.
Epic poetic syntax: ἀμφʼ αὐτῇ governs the object of fighting; ἔχοντες is a circumstantial participle with αἰχμηταί, while πατέρες is the predicate/clarifying nominative subject, with πατέρων ἡμετέρων dependent on it in the phrase ‘fathers of our fathers’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀμφʼ | ἀμφί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 αὐτῇ | case | high | Apocopated/elided preposition. |
| 2 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | PDSF3S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | obl | high | Dative object of ἀμφί with the sense ‘about/for her’. |
| 3 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | cc | high | Elided connective particle. |
| 4 | ἐμάχοντʼ | μάχομαι | VERB | V3PIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Epic elision of final syllabic material; deponent middle ‘they fought’. |
| 5 | ἐννέα | ἐννέα | NUM | CARD | NumType=Card | 8 ἔτη | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 δέκʼ | cc | high | Coordinates the two numerals. |
| 7 | δέκʼ | δέκα | NUM | CARD | NumType=Card | 8 ἔτη | nummod | high | Elided cardinal numeral; coordinated with ἐννέα. |
| 8 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | obl | high | Accusative duration of time. |
| 9 | νωλεμέως | νωλεμέως | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | advmod | high | Adverb ‘unceasingly’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | punct | high | |
| 11 | αἰεὶ | αἰεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participial clause. |
| 12 | ταλασίφρονα | ταλασίφρων | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θυμὸν | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with θυμόν. |
| 13 | θυμὸν | θυμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔχοντες. |
| 14 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | VPAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 αἰχμηταὶ | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, agreeing with αἰχμηταί/πατέρες. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔχοντες | punct | high | |
| 16 | αἰχμηταὶ | αἰχμητής | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 πατέρες | appos | medium | Nominative plural appositional/nominal predicate characterization of πατέρες. |
| 17 | πατέρων | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 πατέρες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πατέρες. |
| 18 | ἡμετέρων | ἡμέτερος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Poss=Yes | 17 πατέρων | amod | high | Possessive adjective modifying πατέρων. |
| 19 | πατέρες | πατήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐμάχοντο; poetic right-dislocation/clarifying nominative after the participial phrase. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐμάχοντʼ | punct | high |