Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.15.1

Sentence 1

4.15.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 63
Input: 1,203
Output: 4,037
Total: 5,240

ὡς δὲ τά τε ἄλλα ἐς τὸν πόλεμον ἕτοιμα ἦν αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν συμμάχων προθυμότερα ἢ προσεδόκων---καὶ γὰρ Ἀργείοις ἤδη καὶ Ἀρκάσι λαμπρῶς τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔχθος ἐξῆπτο---οὕτως ἀπέστησαν ἔτει τριακοστῷ μὲν καὶ ἐνάτῳ μετὰ Ἰθώμης ἅλωσιν, τετάρτῳ δὲ τῆς τρίτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Ἴκαρος Ὑπερησιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον·

The opening ὡς-clause gives the circumstances leading to ἀπέστησαν; the intervening καὶ γάρ clause is explanatory, and the final relative clause identifies the Olympiad by its victor and event.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἦν	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἀπέστησαν	cc	high
3	τά	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἄλλα	det	high
4	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 ἄλλα	cc	high
5	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 ἕτοιμα	nsubj	high	Substantivized neuter plural.
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	8 πόλεμον	case	high
7	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 πόλεμον	det	high
8	πόλεμον	πόλεμος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἕτοιμα	obl	high
9	ἕτοιμα	ἕτοιμος	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ἦν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἰμί.
10	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	40 ἀπέστησαν	advcl	high	Temporal/causal ὡς-clause.
11	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἦν	iobj	high
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 προθυμότερα	cc	high
13	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 προθυμότερα	det	high
14	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	16 συμμάχων	case	high
15	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 συμμάχων	det	high
16	συμμάχων	σύμμαχος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 προθυμότερα	nmod	high
17	προθυμότερα	πρόθυμος	ADJ	A-NPN-C	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ἦν	xcomp	high	Second coordinated predicate adjective.
18	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 προσεδόκων	cc	high	Introduces comparative standard.
19	προσεδόκων	προσδοκάω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	17 προθυμότερα	advcl	medium	Elliptical comparison: than they expected.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἦν	punct	high
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἦν	punct	high
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἦν	punct	high
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	cc	high
24	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	discourse	high	Explanatory connective.
25	Ἀργείοις	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 ἐξῆπτο	iobj	high	Dative of possessor/experiencer.
26	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	advmod	high
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	28 Ἀρκάσι	cc	high
28	Ἀρκάσι	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 ἐξῆπτο	iobj	high	Coordinated dative.
29	λαμπρῶς	λαμπρῶς	ADV	ADV	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	advmod	high
30	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 ἔχθος	det	high
31	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	33 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high
32	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high
33	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἐς	obl	high
34	ἔχθος	ἔχθος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 ἐξῆπτο	nsubj	high
35	ἐξῆπτο	ἐξάπτω	VERB	V-LMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|Voice=Mid	10 ἦν	conj	high	Pluperfect middle, explanatory clause.
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	punct	high
37	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	punct	high
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	35 ἐξῆπτο	punct	high
39	οὕτως	οὕτως	ADV	ADV	_	40 ἀπέστησαν	advmod	high	Correlative with preceding ὡς-clause.
40	ἀπέστησαν	ἀφίστημι	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
41	ἔτει	ἔτος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 ἀπέστησαν	obl	high	Dative of time.
42	τριακοστῷ	τριακοστός	ADJ	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	41 ἔτει	amod	high
43	μὲν	μέν	PART	PTCL	_	42 τριακοστῷ	discourse	high	Correlative with δέ at token 51.
44	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	45 ἐνάτῳ	cc	high
45	ἐνάτῳ	ἔνατος	ADJ	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	41 ἔτει	conj	high
46	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	48 ἅλωσιν	case	high	Temporal μετά with accusative.
47	Ἰθώμης	Ἰθώμη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	48 ἅλωσιν	nmod	high	Genitive with ἅλωσιν.
48	ἅλωσιν	ἅλωσις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	40 ἀπέστησαν	obl	high	Temporal accusative phrase; μετά governs it.
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	40 ἀπέστησαν	punct	high
50	τετάρτῳ	τέταρτος	ADJ	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 ἀπέστησαν	obl	high	Elliptical ἔτει.
51	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	50 τετάρτῳ	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 43.
52	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	54 Ὀλυμπιάδος	det	high
53	τρίτης	τρίτος	ADJ	A-GSF	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	54 Ὀλυμπιάδος	amod	high
54	Ὀλυμπιάδος	Ὀλυμπιάς	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 τετάρτῳ	nmod	high
55	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	56 εἰκοστῆς	cc	high
56	εἰκοστῆς	εἰκοστός	ADJ	A-GSF	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	54 Ὀλυμπιάδος	conj	high
57	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	40 ἀπέστησαν	punct	high
58	ἣν	ὅς	PRON	P-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	61 ἐνίκα	obj	high	Relative pronoun referring to Olympiad.
59	Ἴκαρος	Ἴκαρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	61 ἐνίκα	nsubj	high
60	Ὑπερησιεὺς	Ὑπερησιεύς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	59 Ἴκαρος	appos	high	Ethnic/name apposition.
61	ἐνίκα	νικάω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	54 Ὀλυμπιάδος	acl:relcl	high
62	στάδιον	στάδιον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	61 ἐνίκα	obj	high	Race/event object.
63	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	40 ἀπέστησαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.15.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 15
Input: 713
Output: 1,188
Total: 1,901

Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οἱ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἦσαν ἤδη τότε ἄρχοντες, καὶ Ἀθηναίοις Τλησίας ἦρχεν.

The first clause has an existential/locative construction: οἱ is the article used substantivally (‘the [men]’), with ἄρχοντες as its predicate/nominal complement; κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν is an accusative temporal phrase. In the second clause, Ἀθηναίοις is a dative of reference and Τλησίας is the subject of ἦρχεν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀθήνῃσι	Ἀθῆναι	PROPN	Neut-Loc/Dat-Pl	Case=Loc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 ἦσαν	obl	medium	Epic/poetic locative plural of Ἀθῆναι, functioning as a place adjunct.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἦσαν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἄρχοντες	det	medium	Article used substantivally, with an understood noun; linked to ἄρχοντες.
4	κατʼ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	5 ἐνιαυτὸν	case	high	Elided form of κατά.
5	ἐνιαυτὸν	ἐνιαυτός	NOUN	Acc-Masc-Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἦσαν	obl	high	Accusative temporal expression with κατά.
6	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	V- Impf Act Ind 3 Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Existential/copular predicate of the first clause.
7	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	6 ἦσαν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
8	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	6 ἦσαν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
9	ἄρχοντες	ἄρχων	NOUN	Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἦσαν	xcomp	medium	Predicate nominative or predicative complement of εἰμί; οἱ is substantival.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἦσαν	punct	high
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἦρχεν	cc	high	Coordinates the second clause with the first.
12	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	Dat-Masc-Plur	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἦρχεν	iobj	medium	Dative of reference/interest: ‘for the Athenians’.
13	Τλησίας	Τλησίας	PROPN	Nom-Masc-Sing	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἦρχεν	nsubj	high	Personal name, subject of ἦρχεν.
14	ἦρχεν	ἄρχω	VERB	V-Impf-Act-Ind-3-Sing	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	6 ἦσαν	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate: ‘was archon/ruled’.
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἦσαν	punct	high

Passage 4.15.1