Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 4.15.1

Grammar › Book 4 › Chapter 4.15 › 4.15.1
← 4.14.84.15.2 →

Passage 4.15.1

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed
78Greek tokens
1,917input tokens
5,281output tokens
Sentence 1

4.15.1 sentence 1

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ὡς δὲ τά τε ἄλλα ἐς τὸν πόλεμον ἕτοιμα ἦν αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν συμμάχων προθυμότερα ἢ προσεδόκων---καὶ γὰρ Ἀργείοις ἤδη καὶ Ἀρκάσι λαμπρῶς τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔχθος ἐξῆπτο---οὕτως ἀπέστησαν ἔτει τριακοστῷ μὲν καὶ ἐνάτῳ μετὰ Ἰθώμης ἅλωσιν, τετάρτῳ δὲ τῆς τρίτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Ἴκαρος Ὑπερησιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον·

The sentence contains several coordinated temporal expressions and an explanatory parenthetical clause; the relative clause at the end refers back to the Olympiad.

advcl punct punct punct cc punct discourse punct obl mark advmod punct conj discourse conj obl advmod nsubj det det nmod conj case punct conj conj obj acl:relcl det case obl case advcl punct case det nsubj advmod det xcomp obl cc det obl mark cc det obl obj punct advmod obl amod discourse cc nmod discourse amod cc appos obj root root 1 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 τά ὁ / DET 4 τε τε / PART 5 ἄλλα ἄλλος / ADJ 6 ἐς εἰς / ADP 7 τὸν ὁ / DET 8 πόλεμον πόλεμος / NOUN 9 ἕτοιμα ἕτοιμος / ADJ 10 ἦν εἰμί / VERB 11 αὐτοῖς αὐτός / PRON 12 καὶ καί / CCONJ 13 τὰ ὁ / DET 14 ἀπὸ ἀπό / ADP 15 τῶν ὁ / DET 16 συμμάχων σύμμαχος / NOUN 17 προθυμότερα πρόθυμος / ADJ 18 ἢ ἤ / SCONJ 19 προσεδόκων προσδοκάω / VERB 20 - - / PUNCT 21 - - / PUNCT 22 - - / PUNCT 23 καὶ καί / CCONJ 24 γὰρ γάρ / PART 25 Ἀργείοις Ἀργεῖος / PROPN 26 ἤδη ἤδη / ADV 27 καὶ καί / CCONJ 28 Ἀρκάσι Ἀρκάς / PROPN 29 λαμπρῶς λαμπρῶς / ADV 30 τὸ ὁ / DET 31 ἐς εἰς / ADP 32 τοὺς ὁ / DET 33 Λακεδαιμονίους Λακεδαιμόνιος / PROPN 34 ἔχθος ἔχθος / NOUN 35 ἐξῆπτο ἐξάπτω / VERB 36 - - / PUNCT 37 - - / PUNCT 38 - - / PUNCT 39 οὕτως οὕτως / ADV 40 ἀπέστησαν ἀφίστημι / VERB 41 ἔτει ἔτος / NOUN 42 τριακοστῷ τριακοστός / ADJ 43 μὲν μέν / PART 44 καὶ καί / CCONJ 45 ἐνάτῳ ἔνατος / ADJ 46 μετὰ μετά / ADP 47 Ἰθώμης Ἰθώμη / PROPN 48 ἅλωσιν ἅλωσις / NOUN 49 , , / PUNCT 50 τετάρτῳ τέταρτος / ADJ 51 δὲ δέ / PART 52 τῆς ὁ / DET 53 τρίτης τρίτος / ADJ 54 Ὀλυμπιάδος Ὀλυμπιάς / NOUN 55 καὶ καί / CCONJ 56 εἰκοστῆς εἰκοστός / ADJ 57 , , / PUNCT 58 ἣν ὅς / PRON 59 Ἴκαρος Ἴκαρος / PROPN 60 Ὑπερησιεὺς Ὑπερησιεύς / PROPN 61 ἐνίκα νικάω / VERB 62 στάδιον στάδιον / NOUN 63 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ὡςὡςSCONJ__10 ἦνmarkhighSubordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause.
2δὲδέPART__10 ἦνdiscoursehighPostpositive discourse particle.
3τάὁDET_Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR|PronType=Art5 ἄλλαdethighArticle modifying ἄλλα.
4τετεPART__3 τάadvmodmediumEnclitic connective particle.
5ἄλλαἄλλοςADJ_Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR10 ἦνnsubjhighPredicate adjective used substantively with article.
6ἐςεἰςADP__8 πόλεμονcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
7τὸνὁDET_Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=SG|PronType=Art8 πόλεμονdethighArticle modifying πόλεμον.
8πόλεμονπόλεμοςNOUN_Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=SG10 ἦνoblhighGoal/result complement of ἐς.
9ἕτοιμαἕτοιμοςADJ_Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR10 ἦνxcompmediumPredicate adjective agreeing with subject τά ἄλλα.
10ἦνεἰμίVERB_Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT0 ROOTroothighMain clause verb of the first subordinate temporal frame.
11αὐτοῖςαὐτόςPRON_Case=DAT|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Person=3|PronType=Prs10 ἦνoblhighDative of advantage/reference.
12καὶκαίCCONJ__13 τὰcchighCoordinating conjunction.
13τὰὁDET_Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR|PronType=Art17 προθυμότεραdethighArticle modifying implied noun phrase / adjective phrase.
14ἀπὸἀπόADP__16 συμμάχωνcasehighPreposition governing genitive.
15τῶνὁDET_Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PLUR|PronType=Art16 συμμάχωνdethighArticle modifying συμμάχων.
16συμμάχωνσύμμαχοςNOUN_Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PLUR17 προθυμότεραoblhighGenitive complement of ἀπό.
17προθυμότεραπρόθυμοςADJ_Case=NOM|Degree=Cmp|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR10 ἦνconjmediumCoordinate predicate adjective, 'more eager'.
18ἢἤSCONJ__19 προσεδόκωνmarkmediumComparative marker introducing clause.
19προσεδόκωνπροσδοκάωVERB_Mood=IND|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT17 προθυμότεραadvclmediumElliptical comparative clause; verb likely 'they expected'.
20--PUNCT__10 ἦνpuncthighDash punctuation.
21--PUNCT__10 ἦνpuncthighDash punctuation.
22--PUNCT__10 ἦνpuncthighDash punctuation.
23καὶκαίCCONJ__35 ἐξῆπτοcchighCoordinating conjunction.
24γὰργάρPART__35 ἐξῆπτοdiscoursehighExplanatory particle.
25ἈργείοιςἈργεῖοςPROPN_Case=DAT|Gender=MASC|Number=PL35 ἐξῆπτοoblhighDative plural with implicit reference frame.
26ἤδηἤδηADV__35 ἐξῆπτοadvmodhighTemporal adverb.
27καὶκαίCCONJ__28 ἈρκάσιcchighCoordinates Ἀρκάσι with Ἀργείοις.
28ἈρκάσιἈρκάςPROPN_Case=DAT|Gender=MASC|Number=PL25 ἈργείοιςconjhighCoordinated dative proper noun.
29λαμπρῶςλαμπρῶςADV__35 ἐξῆπτοadvmodhighManner adverb.
30τὸὁDET_Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG|PronType=Art34 ἔχθοςdethighArticle modifying ἔχθος.
31ἐςεἰςADP__34 ἔχθοςcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
32τοὺςὁDET_Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|PronType=Art33 ΛακεδαιμονίουςdethighArticle modifying Λακεδαιμονίους.
33ΛακεδαιμονίουςΛακεδαιμόνιοςPROPN_Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL34 ἔχθοςoblhighObject of ἐς.
34ἔχθοςἔχθοςNOUN_Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG35 ἐξῆπτοobjhighDirect object of ἐξῆπτο.
35ἐξῆπτοἐξάπτωVERB_Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=MID10 ἦνadvclhighCausal/explanatory subordinate clause introduced by γάρ.
36--PUNCT__35 ἐξῆπτοpuncthighDash punctuation.
37--PUNCT__35 ἐξῆπτοpuncthighDash punctuation.
38--PUNCT__35 ἐξῆπτοpuncthighDash punctuation.
39οὕτωςοὕτωςADV__40 ἀπέστησανadvmodhighManner/result adverb modifying the main verb.
40ἀπέστησανἀφίστημιVERB_Mood=IND|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=AOR|Voice=ACT0 ROOTroothighMain clause verb.
41ἔτειἔτοςNOUN_Case=DAT|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG40 ἀπέστησανoblhighTemporal dative.
42τριακοστῷτριακοστόςADJ_Case=DAT|Degree=Pos|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG41 ἔτειamodhighOrdinal adjective modifying ἔτει.
43μὲνμένPART__42 τριακοστῷdiscoursehighCorrelative particle.
44καὶκαίCCONJ__45 ἐνάτῳcchighCoordinates ordinals.
45ἐνάτῳἔνατοςADJ_Case=DAT|Degree=Pos|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG42 τριακοστῷconjhighCoordinate ordinal modifying ἔτει.
46μετὰμετάADP__48 ἅλωσινcasehighPreposition governing accusative here in temporal phrase.
47ἸθώμηςἸθώμηPROPN_Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG48 ἅλωσινnmodhighGenitive noun in apposition/temporal phrase with ἅλωσιν.
48ἅλωσινἅλωσιςNOUN_Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG41 ἔτειoblhighTemporal phrase governed by μετά.
49,,PUNCT__40 ἀπέστησανpuncthighComma punctuation.
50τετάρτῳτέταρτοςADJ_Case=DAT|Degree=Pos|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG41 ἔτειconjhighSecond temporal ordinal, coordinated with ἔτει.
51δὲδέPART__50 τετάρτῳdiscoursehighPostpositive particle.
52τῆςὁDET_Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG|PronType=Art54 ὈλυμπιάδοςdethighArticle modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος.
53τρίτηςτρίτοςADJ_Case=GEN|Degree=Pos|Gender=FEM|Number=SG54 ὈλυμπιάδοςamodhighOrdinal adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος.
54ὈλυμπιάδοςὈλυμπιάςNOUN_Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG50 τετάρτῳnmodhighGenitive dependent of τετάρτῳ, indicating year within the Olympiad.
55καὶκαίCCONJ__56 εἰκοστῆςcchighCoordinates ordinals.
56εἰκοστῆςεἰκοστόςADJ_Case=GEN|Degree=Pos|Gender=FEM|Number=SG53 τρίτηςconjhighCoordinated ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος.
57,,PUNCT__40 ἀπέστησανpuncthighComma punctuation.
58ἣνὅςPRON_Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG|PronType=Rel61 ἐνίκαobjhighRelative pronoun referring to the Olympiad.
59ἼκαροςἼκαροςPROPN_Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG61 ἐνίκαnsubjhighSubject of ἐνίκα.
60ὙπερησιεὺςὙπερησιεύςPROPN_Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG59 ἼκαροςapposhighAppositive demonym/name modifier.
61ἐνίκανικάωVERB_Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT58 ἣνacl:relclhighRelative clause verb.
62στάδιονστάδιονNOUN_Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG61 ἐνίκαobjhighObject of ἐνίκα, race event/distance.
63··PUNCT__40 ἀπέστησανpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
Sentence 2

4.15.1 sentence 2

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Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οἱ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἦσαν ἤδη τότε ἄρχοντες, καὶ Ἀθηναίοις Τλησίας ἦρχεν.

The first clause is elliptical/copuIar with a participial predicate (οἱ ... ἄρχοντες) and temporal modifiers; the second clause is straightforwardly finite with Τλησίας as subject.

det obl discourse punct xcomp cc advmod obl case obl advmod nsubj punct root root 1 Ἀθήνῃσι Ἀθήναι / PROPN 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 οἱ ὁ / DET 4 κατʼ κατά / ADP 5 ἐνιαυτὸν ἐνιαυτός / NOUN 6 ἦσαν εἰμί / AUX 7 ἤδη ἤδη / ADV 8 τότε τότε / ADV 9 ἄρχοντες ἄρχων / NOUN 10 , , / PUNCT 11 καὶ καί / CCONJ 12 Ἀθηναίοις Ἀθηναῖος / ADJ 13 Τλησίας Τλησίας / PROPN 14 ἦρχεν ἄρχω / VERB 15 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἈθήνῃσιἈθήναιPROPN_Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur6 ἦσανoblmediumLocative/dative adverbial form meaning 'in Athens'.
2δὲδέPART__6 ἦσανdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3οἱὁDET_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur9 ἄρχοντεςdetmediumArticle with substantivized participle.
4κατʼκατάADP__5 ἐνιαυτὸνcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
5ἐνιαυτὸνἐνιαυτόςNOUN_Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ἦσανoblhighTemporal extent: 'by year' / 'annually'.
6ἦσανεἰμίAUX_Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighCopular/existential predicate for the first clause.
7ἤδηἤδηADV__6 ἦσανadvmodhighAdverb modifying ἦσαν.
8τότετότεADV__6 ἦσανadvmodhighTemporal adverb modifying ἦσαν.
9ἄρχοντεςἄρχωνNOUN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur6 ἦσανxcompmediumPredicate participle/adjectival noun with article.
10,,PUNCT__6 ἦσανpuncthighComma.
11καὶκαίCCONJ__14 ἦρχενcchighCoordinates the second clause.
12ἈθηναίοιςἈθηναῖοςADJ_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur14 ἦρχενoblhighDative of reference/interest: 'for the Athenians'.
13ΤλησίαςΤλησίαςPROPN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 ἦρχενnsubjhighSubject of ἦρχεν.
14ἦρχενἄρχωVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighFinite verb of the coordinated main clause.
15..PUNCT__14 ἦρχενpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
← 4.14.84.15.2 →