Grammar parses for passage 4.14.8
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσήνιοι γὰρ οὐκ ἐσποιοῦσιν Ἀριστομένην Ἡρακλεῖ παῖδα ἢ Διί, ὥσπερ Ἀλέξανδρον Ἄμμωνι οἱ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιῷ Σικυώνιοι·
Main clause: Μεσσήνιοι οὐκ ἐσποιοῦσιν Ἀριστομένην Ἡρακλεῖ παῖδα ἢ Διί, with ὥσπερ introducing parallel examples; παῖδα is a predicative accusative, and the dative names the claimed divine father. In the comparisons, Ἀλέξανδρον and Ἄρατον are coordinated accusative objects with elided ἐσποιοῦσιν; οἱ Μακεδόνες and Σικυώνιοι are postposed subjects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | ---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐσποιοῦσιν | εἰσποιέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Contracted/variant form of εἰσποιοῦσιν. |
| 5 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | ---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 6 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | ---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παῖδα | obl | high | Dative of alleged divine paternity. |
| 7 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | ---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀριστομένην | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with the object; semantically ‘as a child/son’. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 Ἡρακλεῖ | cc | high | |
| 9 | Διί | Ζεύς | PROPN | ---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παῖδα | conj | high | Coordinated alternative dative. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | mark | high | Introduces comparative examples with ellipsis of the main verb. |
| 12 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | ---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἄρατον | conj | high | Accusative in the comparative coordinate, with εἰσποιοῦσιν understood. |
| 13 | Ἄμμωνι | Ἄμμων | PROPN | ---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀλέξανδρον | obl | high | Dative of alleged divine paternity. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | -------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Μακεδόνες | det | high | |
| 15 | Μακεδόνες | Μακεδών | PROPN | ---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀλέξανδρον | nsubj | high | Subject of understood εἰσποιοῦσιν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 Ἄρατον | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | ---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | conj | high | Second comparative accusative object, with εἰσποιοῦσιν understood. |
| 18 | Ἀσκληπιῷ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | ---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἄρατον | obl | high | Dative of alleged divine paternity. |
| 19 | Σικυώνιοι | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | ---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Ἄρατον | nsubj | high | Subject of understood εἰσποιοῦσιν. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 4 ἐσποιοῦσιν | punct | high |
οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀκμάζων ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει παρώξυνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπόστασιν·
The finite verb παρώξυνον is plural imperfect active, with οὗτος and ἄλλοι as coordinated subjects; ἀκμάζων agrees with οὗτος and καὶ τόλμῃ is coordinated with ἡλικίᾳ as instrumental/qualifying complements. The identity of the coordinated subject structure is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | RDNS---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 παρώξυνον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-----年 | _ | 13 παρώξυνον | discourse | high | Correlative particle; xpos left underspecified. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 παρώξυνον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἀκμάζων | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V如此----PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 οὗτος | acl | high | Supplementary/predicative participle agreeing with οὗτος. |
| 5 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-----FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀκμάζων | obl | medium | Dative of respect or sphere with ἀκμάζων. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 τόλμῃ | cc | high | |
| 7 | τόλμῃ | τόλμη | NOUN | N-----FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἡλικίᾳ | conj | high | Coordinated dative of respect. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-----NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 13 παρώξυνον | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated subject with οὗτος. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S-----GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 τέλει | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 τέλει | case | high | |
| 12 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N-----NSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | τῶν ἐν τέλει: genitive group, ‘those in office’; ἐν τέλει is locative complement. |
| 13 | παρώξυνον | παροξύνω | VERB | V-----IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἀπόστασιν | case | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-----FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀπόστασιν | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀπόστασιν | ἀπόστασις | NOUN | N-----FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παρώξυνον | obl | high | ἐπί with accusative marks direction/goal. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρώξυνον | punct | high |
ἐπράσσετο δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, κρύφα δὲ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀπέστελλον, εἴ σφισιν ἀπροφασίστως καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ προτέρου ἀμῦναι θελήσουσιν.
The passive ἐπράσσετο has ταῦτα as its subject and the following plural ἀπέστελλον is an understood-subject narrative verb; εἴ introduces an indirect-question/content clause dependent on ἀπέστελλον, with θελήσουσιν governing the infinitive ἀμῦναι. The coordination and attachment of the adverbials are high-confidence; the exact antecedent of σφισιν is contextual.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπράσσετο | πράσσω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect passive, impersonal/eventive narrative predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G|||||||| | _ | 1 ἐπράσσετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπράσσετο | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural subject of the passive verb. |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 εὐθὺς | advmod | high | |
| 5 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἐπράσσετο | advmod | high | Temporal/manner adverb modifying ἐπράσσετο. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 φανεροῦ | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 φανεροῦ | det | high | |
| 8 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εὐθὺς | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘openly/from the open’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐθὺς | punct | high | |
| 10 | κρύφα | κρύφα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἐπράσσετο | advmod | high | Adverb ‘secretly’. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G|||||||| | _ | 10 κρύφα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ἄργος | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | Neuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπέστελλον | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐς. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Ἀρκάδας | cc | high | Coordinates the second destination phrase. |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | With accusative, ‘to/toward’. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἄργος | conj | high | Coordinated destination with Ἄργος; proper ethnic name. |
| 18 | ἀπέστελλον | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 1 ἐπράσσετο | conj | high | Plural subject is contextually understood; coordinates with ἐπράσσετο. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high | |
| 20 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | mark | high | Introduces an indirect question/content clause. |
| 21 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 32 ἀμῦναι | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, likely beneficiary or ethical dative; antecedent is contextual. |
| 22 | ἀπροφασίστως | ἀπροφάσιστος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 ἀμῦναι | advmod | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐνδεεστέρως | cc | high | |
| 24 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνδεεστέρως | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in no respect’; substantival form. |
| 25 | ἐνδεεστέρως | ἐνδεής | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 32 ἀμῦναι | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying ἀμῦναι/θελήσουσιν. |
| 26 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐνδεεστέρως | cc | high | Introduces the standard of comparison. |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 πολέμου | case | high | With genitive, ‘in the time/context of’. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 29 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνδεεστέρως | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί, serving as comparison standard. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 προτέρου | det | high | |
| 31 | προτέρου | πρότερος | ADJ | A-SGM | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πολέμου | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying πόλεμος. |
| 32 | ἀμῦναι | ἀμύνω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 33 θελήσουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of θελήσουσιν. |
| 33 | θελήσουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-FIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Future|Voice=Act | 20 εἴ | ccomp | high | Predicate of the indirect question introduced by εἴ. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπράσσετο | punct | high |