Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.14.8

← 4.14.7 4.15.1 →

Passage 4.14.8

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3sentences parsed

73Greek tokens

2,441input tokens

5,273output tokens

Sentence 2

4.14.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 22
Input: 795
Output: 1,622
Total: 2,417

Ἀριστομένει δὲ πατέρα Ἑλλήνων μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ Πύρρον φασὶν εἶναι, Μεσσηνίους δὲ οἶδα αὐτὸς ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς Ἀριστομένην Νικομήδους καλοῦντας.

The syntax is two coordinated/reportive clauses under οἶδα; the second uses an accusative-and-participle construction with ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς as a circumstantial modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀριστομένει	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 πατέρα	nmod	medium	Dative with πατέρα; likely dative of reference/possessor in appositional phrase.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	3 πατέρα	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	πατέρα	πατήρ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 φασὶν	obj	high	Accusative predicate/object of φασίν with infinitive εἶναι.
4	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 πατέρα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πατέρα.
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	6 οἱ	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 πολλοὶ	det	high	Article used substantively with πολλοὶ.
7	πολλοὶ	πολύς	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 φασὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of φασίν.
8	Πύρρον	Πύρρος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 εἶναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of infinitive εἶναι in accusative-and-infinitive construction.
9	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	14 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Complement clause of οἶδα.
10	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 φασὶν	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement of φασίν.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 φασὶν	punct	high	Punctuation.
12	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 Ἀριστομένην	obj	high	Accusative subject of participle καλοῦντας.
13	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	14 οἶδα	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
14	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
15	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	14 οἶδα	nsubj	medium	First-person emphasis; form is nominative masculine singular, used with understood speaker.
16	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	18 σπονδαῖς	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
17	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 σπονδαῖς	det	high	Article.
18	σπονδαῖς	σπονδή	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	21 καλοῦντας	obl	high	Prepositional oblique modifying καλοῦντας.
19	Ἀριστομένην	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 καλοῦντας	obj	high	Accusative object of participle καλοῦντας.
20	Νικομήδους	Νικομήδης	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 Ἀριστομένην	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on Ἀριστομένην.
21	καλοῦντας	καλέω	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 οἶδα	xcomp	high	Participle complement of οἶδα with accusative object.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 οἶδα	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.14.8 sentence 3

Tokens: 17
Input: 738
Output: 1,257
Total: 1,995

οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀκμάζων ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει παρώξυνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπόστασιν·

The main difficulty is the coordination structure: οὗτος and ἄλλοι are parallel subjects of παρώξυνον, while ἀκμάζων with its dative dependents modifies οὗτος.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	Pd---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	13 παρώξυνον	nsubj	high	Demonstrative pronoun used substantively.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	1 οὗτος	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	G--------	_	1 οὗτος	discourse	high	Inferential particle.
4	ἀκμάζων	ἀκμάζω	VERB	V-PPAPNSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 οὗτος	advcl	medium	Circumstantial participle agreeing with οὗτος.
5	ἡλικίᾳ	ἡλικία	NOUN	N--DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀκμάζων	obl	high	Dative of respect.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 τόλμῃ	cc	high	Connects coordinated datives.
7	τόλμῃ	τόλμη	NOUN	N--DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἡλικίᾳ	conj	high	Second coordinated dative with ἡλικίᾳ.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 ἄλλοι	cc	high	Coordinates another subject phrase.
9	ἄλλοι	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-P---NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 παρώξυνον	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, coordinated with οὗτος.
10	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-PGPM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	12 τέλει	det	high	Article in genitive phrase.
11	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	12 τέλει	case	high	Preposition governing τέλει.
12	τέλει	τέλος	NOUN	N--DSN---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 τῶν	nmod	high	Part of genitive phrase modifying ἄλλοι: 'those in office'.
13	παρώξυνον	παροξύνω	VERB	V-IIA-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
14	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	16 ἀπόστασιν	case	high	Preposition governing ἀπόστασιν.
15	τὴν	ὁ	DET	P-SAF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	16 ἀπόστασιν	det	high	Article with object of preposition.
16	ἀπόστασιν	ἀπόστασις	NOUN	N-SAF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 παρώξυνον	obl	high	Goal/result phrase with ἐπί.
17	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 παρώξυνον	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 4

4.14.8 sentence 4

Tokens: 34
Input: 908
Output: 2,394
Total: 3,302

ἐπράσσετο δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, κρύφα δὲ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀπέστελλον, εἴ σφισιν ἀπροφασίστως καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ προτέρου ἀμῦναι θελήσουσιν.

The syntax is a sequence of coordinated clauses with a final conditional clause; the comparative phrase μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ... is attached adverbially to ἀμῦναι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπράσσετο	πράσσω	VERB	V-3SPI--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the first clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	1 ἐπράσσετο	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-P---NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	1 ἐπράσσετο	nsubj	medium	Could also be object semantically, but syntax favors subject with passive/middle form.
4	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	_	5 εὐθὺς	advmod	high	Negation modifying εὐθὺς.
5	εὐθὺς	εὐθύς	ADV	D--------	_	1 ἐπράσσετο	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier of ἐπράσσετο.
6	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	8 φανεροῦ	case	high	Introduces prepositional phrase.
7	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 φανεροῦ	det	high	Article with substantivized adjective.
8	φανεροῦ	φανερός	ADJ	A-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἐπράσσετο	obl	high	Governed by ἐκ.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐπράσσετο	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	κρύφα	κρύφα	ADV	D--------	_	18 ἀπέστελλον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἀπέστελλον.
11	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	18 ἀπέστελλον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	13 Ἄργος	case	high	Preposition.
13	Ἄργος	Ἄργος	PROPN	Ne-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 ἀπέστελλον	obl	high	Place phrase with ἐς.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 ἀπέστελλον	cc	high	Coordination of obliques.
15	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R--------	_	17 Ἀρκάδας	case	high	Preposition.
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	L-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 Ἀρκάδας	det	high	Article with noun.
17	Ἀρκάδας	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	Ne-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἀπέστελλον	obl	high	Second place/goal phrase governed by ἀπέστελλον.
18	ἀπέστελλον	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-3PIA--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	1 ἐπράσσετο	conj	high	Finite verb coordinated with ἐπράσσετο.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀπέστελλον	punct	high	Punctuation.
20	εἴ	εἰ	SCONJ	C--------	_	33 θελήσουσιν	mark	high	Conditional marker for subordinate clause.
21	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3P---D-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	32 ἀμῦναι	iobj	medium	Dative of person affected; spelling/lemma somewhat uncertain.
22	ἀπροφασίστως	ἀπροφασίστως	ADV	D--------	_	32 ἀμῦναι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἀμῦναι.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 ἐνδεεστέρως	cc	high	Coordinates adverbs/phrases.
24	μηδὲν	μηδείς	PRON	P---S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Neg	25 ἐνδεεστέρως	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial accusative with ἐνδεεστέρως.
25	ἐνδεεστέρως	ἐνδεής	ADV	D--------	Degree=Cmp	32 ἀμῦναι	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying ἀμῦναι.
26	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	C--------	_	25 ἐνδεεστέρως	mark	medium	Introduces comparative standard/phrase.
27	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	29 πολέμου	case	high	Preposition.
28	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 πολέμου	det	high	Article.
29	πολέμου	πόλεμος	NOUN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἀμῦναι	obl	high	Temporal/standards phrase with ἐπί.
30	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	31 προτέρου	det	high	Article.
31	προτέρου	πρότερος	ADJ	A-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 πολέμου	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying πολέμου.
32	ἀμῦναι	ἀμύνω	VERB	V--AN----	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	33 θελήσουσιν	xcomp	high	Complement of θελήσουσιν.
33	θελήσουσιν	θέλω	VERB	V-3PFA--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the conditional clause.
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	33 θελήσουσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.

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