Grammar parses for passage 4.14.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐπετράφη δὲ νεότης καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, οἱ δὲ ἄριστοι καὶ ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι περὶ τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Ἀριστομένης, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ὡς ἥρως ἔχει παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις τιμάς.
The sentence coordinates the upbringing of youth with a second nominative group and then adds Aristomenes; the relative clause states that he still has hero-honors among the Messenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπετράφη | τρέφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive: ‘was reared/grew up’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπετράφη | cc | high | |
| 3 | νεότης | νεότης | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπετράφη | nsubj | high | Collective/abstract subject, ‘youth’. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀλλαχοῦ | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἀλλαχοῦ | ἀλλαχοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐπετράφη | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘elsewhere’. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 ἀλλαχοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπετράφη | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NMP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 ἄριστοι | det | high | Substantivized article. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄριστοι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄριστοι | ἄριστος | ADJ | A-NMP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἐπετράφη | conj | high | Substantivized: ‘the noblest’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 πλεῖστοι | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 πλεῖστοι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in number’. |
| 14 | πλεῖστοι | πολύς | ADJ | A-NMP-S | Case=Nominative|Degree=Superlative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 ἄριστοι | conj | high | Predicate/coordinate description: ‘most numerous’. |
| 15 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Ἀνδανίαν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 17 Ἀνδανίαν | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀνδανίαν | Ἀνδανία | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 14 πλεῖστοι | obl | high | περί + accusative: ‘around Andania’. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἄριστοι | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Ἀριστομένης | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DMP | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 23 Ἀριστομένης | obl | high | ἐν αὐτοῖς, ‘among them’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Ἀριστομένης | cc | high | |
| 23 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπετράφη | conj | high | Additional coordinated subject/topic. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 Ἀριστομένης | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 31 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Aristomenes. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἔτι | cc | medium | Emphatic/additive καί. |
| 27 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 ἔχει | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 ἔχει | advmod | high | ‘Still’. |
| 29 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἥρως | case | medium | ὡς + ἥρως: ‘as a hero’; analyzed as a marker. |
| 30 | ἥρως | ἥρως | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 31 ἔχει | obl | high | Predicative role/status complement. |
| 31 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 23 Ἀριστομένης | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 32 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 Μεσσηνίοις | case | high | |
| 33 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-DMP | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 31 ἔχει | obl | high | παρά + dative: ‘among the Messenians’. |
| 34 | τιμάς | τιμή | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 31 ἔχει | obj | high | Object of ἔχει: ‘holds/receives honors’. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπετράφη | punct | high |
καί οἱ καὶ τὰ τῆς γενέσεως ἐπιφανέστερα ὑπάρξαι νομίζουσι· Νικοτελείᾳ γὰρ τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ δαίμονα ἢ θεὸν δράκοντι εἰκασμένον συγγενέσθαι λέγουσι.
Two coordinated infinitival clauses depend on νομίζουσι/λέγουσι. The first has τὰ ... ἐπιφανέστερα as an accusative subject/predicate-like nominal expression; the second has Νικοτελείᾳ τῇ μητρί as a dative with συγγενέσθαι, and δράκοντι εἰκασμένον as a dative comparison complement of the participle. The exact scope of καί and οἱ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | Polarity=Pos | 9 νομίζουσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P---DM3-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 νομίζουσι | nsubj | medium | Probably nominative masculine plural article/pronoun used substantivally; exact antecedent is outside the sentence. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | Polarity=Pos | 7 ἐπιφανέστερα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιφανέστερα | det | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T---FG--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γενέσεως | det | high | |
| 6 | γενέσεως | γένεσις | NOUN | N---FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιφανέστερα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐπιφανέστερα | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A--NAA--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπάρξαι | xcomp | medium | Comparative adjective in the infinitival clause; syntactically linked to the accusative neuter plural τὰ. |
| 8 | ὑπάρξαι | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V--ANA--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 νομίζουσι | ccomp | high | |
| 9 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | Νικοτελείᾳ | Νικοτέλεια | PROPN | N---FD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 συγγενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/participant with συγγενέσθαι; apposition is supplied by τῇ μητρί. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 λέγουσι | discourse | high | |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T---FD--- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μητρὶ | det | high | |
| 14 | μητρὶ | μήτηρ | NOUN | N---FD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Νικοτελείᾳ | appos | high | |
| 15 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P---GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 μητρὶ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 16 | δαίμονα | δαίμων | NOUN | N---MAS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 συγγενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 θεὸν | cc | high | |
| 18 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N---MAS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δαίμονα | conj | high | Coordinated alternative to δαίμονα. |
| 19 | δράκοντι | δράκων | NOUN | N---MD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 εἰκασμένον | obl | medium | Dative with εἰκάζω/εἰκασμένος, expressing the model or comparison: 'likened to a serpent'. |
| 20 | εἰκασμένον | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RMPMAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 δαίμονα | acl | high | Participial modifier of δαίμονα/θεόν, agreeing with the accusative singular masculine nominal. |
| 21 | συγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ANM--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | |
| 22 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 νομίζουσι | conj | high | Coordinated reporting verb; γάρ gives the clause an explanatory relation. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 λέγουσι | punct | high |
τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀριστοδάμᾳ Σικυωνίους οἶδα εἰρηκότας, διάφορα δὲ τοσόνδε ἦν·
οἶδα governs an accusative-and-participial complement: Μακεδόνας and Σικυωνίους are accusative subjects of εἰρηκότας; the final clause is paratactic, with διάφορα as neuter plural subject of ἦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἰρηκότας | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, object of εἰρηκότας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Μακεδόνας | cc | high | Coordinates Μακεδόνας with Σικυωνίους. |
| 4 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-PA-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 εἰρηκότας | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival participial complement with εἰρηκότας. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ὀλυμπιάδι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | N-DS-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εἰρηκότας | obl | high | Dative temporal reference with ἐπί. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐπί phrases. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἀριστοδάμᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 9 | Ἀριστοδάμᾳ | Ἀριστοδάμας | PROPN | N-DS-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἰρηκότας | obl | medium | Proper name in dative temporal/reference phrase; gender and exact referent are somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | Σικυωνίους | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | N-PA-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 εἰρηκότας | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival participial complement, coordinated with Μακεδόνας. |
| 11 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, perfect with present meaning. |
| 12 | εἰρηκότας | λέγω | VERB | V-RPA-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 11 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Perfect active participle functioning as an accusative-and-participle complement of οἶδα. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 14 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-NSA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of ἦν. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive contrastive connective. |
| 16 | τοσόνδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-NSA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 διάφορα | advmod | medium | Neuter singular adverbial extent expression, ‘so much/to this extent’; analysis as modifier of διάφορα is approximate. |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 οἶδα | parataxis | high | Imperfect copular clause coordinated/paratactic to the main clause. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἦν | punct | high |