Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.14.7

← 4.14.6 4.14.8 →

Passage 4.14.7

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3sentences parsed

76Greek tokens

2,454input tokens

5,573output tokens

Sentence 1

4.14.7 sentence 1

Tokens: 35
Input: 910
Output: 2,358
Total: 3,268

ἐπετράφη δὲ νεότης καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, οἱ δὲ ἄριστοι καὶ ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι περὶ τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Ἀριστομένης, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ὡς ἥρως ἔχει παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις τιμάς.

The syntax is a chain of coordinated topics with a relative clause modifying Ἀριστομένης; ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι is treated as an adverbial accusative with the superlative adjective.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπετράφη	ἐπιτρέφω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	1 ἐπετράφη	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	νεότης	νεότης	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἐπετράφη	nsubj:pass	high	Subject of passive verb.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	3 νεότης	cc	high	Links coordinated adverbial phrase.
5	ἀλλαχοῦ	ἀλλαχοῦ	ADV	_	_	1 ἐπετράφη	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier.
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Μεσσηνίας	det	high	Article modifying Μessηνίας.
7	Μεσσηνίας	Μεσσηνία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἀλλαχοῦ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of ἀλλαχοῦ.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐπετράφη	punct	high	Punctuation.
9	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-P---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	11 ἄριστοι	det	high	Article with substantivized adjective.
10	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	11 ἄριστοι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
11	ἄριστοι	ἄριστος	ADJ	A-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐπετράφη	nsubj:pass	high	Second coordinated subject.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	13 ἀριθμὸν	cc	high	Connects with ἀριθμὸν.
13	ἀριθμὸν	ἀριθμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 πλεῖστοι	obl	medium	Likely adverbial accusative with πλεῖστοι.
14	πλεῖστοι	πλεῖστος	ADJ	A-NPM-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἄριστοι	conj	high	Coordinated with ἄριστοι.
15	περὶ	περί	ADP	_	_	17 Ἀνδανίαν	case	high	Preposition.
16	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 Ἀνδανίαν	det	high	Article modifying Ἀνδανίαν.
17	Ἀνδανίαν	Ἀνδανία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἄριστοι	obl	high	Locative/object of περὶ.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἄριστοι	punct	high	Punctuation.
19	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	21 αὐτοῖς	case	high	Preposition.
20	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	21 αὐτοῖς	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
21	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	31 ἔχει	obl	high	Dative with ἐν; refers to the group.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	23 Ἀριστομένης	cc	high	Coordinates Ἀριστομένης.
23	Ἀριστομένης	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἄριστοι	conj	high	Coordinated with ἄριστοι.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 Ἀριστομένης	punct	high	Punctuation.
25	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	31 ἔχει	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun subject of ἔχει.
26	καὶ	καί	PART	_	_	27 νῦν	advmod	medium	Emphatic particle with νῦν.
27	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	_	_	31 ἔχει	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
28	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	_	_	31 ἔχει	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
29	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	30 ἥρως	mark	high	Marks predicative/causal comparison.
30	ἥρως	ἥρως	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἔχει	xcomp	high	Predicate complement in comparative as-phrase.
31	ἔχει	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	23 Ἀριστομένης	acl:relcl	high	Finite verb of relative clause modifying Ἀριστομένης.
32	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	_	_	33 Μεσσηνίοις	case	high	Preposition.
33	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	ADJ	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἔχει	obl	high	Dative governed by παρά.
34	τιμάς	τιμή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	31 ἔχει	obj	high	Direct object of ἔχει.
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐπετράφη	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

4.14.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 23
Input: 796
Output: 1,783
Total: 2,579

καί οἱ καὶ τὰ τῆς γενέσεως ἐπιφανέστερα ὑπάρξαι νομίζουσι· Νικοτελείᾳ γὰρ τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ δαίμονα ἢ θεὸν δράκοντι εἰκασμένον συγγενέσθαι λέγουσι.

The syntax is biclausal: νομίζουσι takes ὑπάρξαι as infinitival complement, and λέγουσι takes συγγενέσθαι; the second clause includes a likely dative with the recipient/reference Νικοτελείᾳ and a participial phrase εἰκασμένον δράκοντι modifying the accusative object.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καί	καί	CCONJ	_	_	9 νομίζουσι	cc	high	clause-initial coordinating conjunction
2	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	P--------	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 νομίζουσι	nsubj	medium	article used substantively; subject of νομίζουσι
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	_	_	7 ἐπιφανέστερα	advmod	medium	likely intensifier 'also/indeed' modifying ἐπιφανέστερα
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	P--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 ἐπιφανέστερα	det	high	article modifying nominalized adjective
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P--------	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 γενέσεως	det	high	article modifying γενέσεως
6	γενέσεως	γένεσις	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐπιφανέστερα	nmod	high	genitive modifier of the nominalized adjective
7	ἐπιφανέστερα	ἐπιφανής	ADJ	A-NSN-CMP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ὑπάρξαι	obj	high	accusative plural neuter substantive as object/complement of ὑπάρξαι
8	ὑπάρξαι	ὑπάρχω	VERB	V--ANP---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 νομίζουσι	xcomp	high	complementary infinitive with νομίζουσι
9	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	V-3PPIA--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	main verb of first clause
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	9 νομίζουσι	punct	high	punctuation
11	Νικοτελείᾳ	Νικοτέλεια	PROPN	N--DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 λέγουσι	iobj	medium	dative of reference/recipient with λέγουσι; proper name
12	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G--------	_	22 λέγουσι	discourse	high	postpositive explanatory particle
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	P--------	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 μητρὶ	det	high	article modifying μητρὶ
14	μητρὶ	μήτηρ	NOUN	N--DSF---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 συγγενέσθαι	obl	high	dative complement with συγγενέσθαι
15	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	A-3GSM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	14 μητρὶ	nmod	high	possessive genitive modifying μητρὶ
16	δαίμονα	δαίμων	NOUN	N-SAM---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 συγγενέσθαι	obj	high	object/subject of infinitival clause
17	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	_	_	18 θεὸν	cc	high	disjunctive coordination
18	θεὸν	θεός	NOUN	N-SAM---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 δαίμονα	conj	high	second coordinated accusative
19	δράκοντι	δράκων	NOUN	N-DSM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 εἰκασμένον	obl	high	dative of comparison/likeness with εἰκασμένον
20	εἰκασμένον	εἴκω	VERB	V--RPNM---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	16 δαίμονα	amod	medium	perfect participle modifying δαίμονα/θεόν; sense 'likened'
21	συγγενέσθαι	συγγίγνομαι	VERB	V--ANM---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	22 λέγουσι	xcomp	high	complementary infinitive with λέγουσι
22	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V-3PPIA--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	main verb of second clause
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	22 λέγουσι	punct	high	punctuation

Sentence 3

4.14.7 sentence 3

Tokens: 18
Input: 748
Output: 1,432
Total: 2,180

τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀριστοδάμᾳ Σικυωνίους οἶδα εἰρηκότας, διάφορα δὲ τοσόνδε ἦν·

The sentence has two loosely connected clauses; the first contains οἶδα with complementary participle εἰρηκότας and coordinated accusative objects plus ἐπί + dative obliques, while the second is a simple copular clause with plural neuter subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοιαῦτα	τοιοῦτος	ADJ	A--NPAN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 εἰρηκότας	obj	high	Object of εἰρηκότας; agreeing in accusative neuter plural.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	1 τοιαῦτα	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 Μακεδόνας	cc	high	Connects Μακεδόνας with Σικυωνίους in coordinated object phrase.
4	Μακεδόνας	Μακεδών	NOUN	N-PMPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 εἰρηκότας	obj	high	Direct object of εἰρηκότας.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	6 Ὀλυμπιάδι	case	high	Preposition governing dative Ὀλυμπιάδι.
6	Ὀλυμπιάδι	Ὀλυμπιάς	PROPN	N-SFDI-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 εἰρηκότας	obl	high	Oblique temporal/reference phrase with ἐπί.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 ἐπὶ	cc	high	Links the two ἐπί-phrases.
8	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	9 Ἀριστοδάμᾳ	case	high	Preposition governing dative Ἀριστοδάμᾳ.
9	Ἀριστοδάμᾳ	Ἀριστόδαμας	PROPN	N-SFDI-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 εἰρηκότας	obl	medium	Likely dative proper name after ἐπί; form is unusual, so gender/lemma are somewhat uncertain.
10	Σικυωνίους	Σικυώνιος	ADJ	A-PMPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Μακεδόνας	conj	high	Second coordinated accusative noun/adjectival substantive with Μακεδόνας.
11	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-1SRIA-	Mood=Ind\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	17 ἦν	discourse	medium	Acts parenthetically; syntactic integration is loose. Governed by ἦν only as discourse is awkward, but kept as matrix verb of first clause.
12	εἰρηκότας	λέγω	VERB	V-PRPAPM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	11 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Complementary participle with οἶδα: 'know [them] to have said'.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 οἶδα	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
14	διάφορα	διάφορος	ADJ	A--NPAN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἦν	nsubj	high	Neuter plural subject with plural verb ἦν.
15	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	14 διάφορα	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
16	τοσόνδε	τοσόσδε	ADJ	A-SNAN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ἦν	advmod	medium	Probably adverbial/degree-like use with ἦν; morphology is nominative neuter singular by form.
17	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-3SIIA-	Mood=Ind\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of second clause.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἦν	punct	high	Punctuation mark.

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