Grammar parses for passage 4.14.6
Open translation for this passage
τοιούτων οὖν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κατειληφότων καὶ ἅμα ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα οὐδὲν ἐνορῶντες παρὰ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων φιλάνθρωπον, πρό τε δὴ τῶν παρόντων τεθνάναι μαχομένους ἢ καὶ τὸ παράπαν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φεύγοντας οἴχεσθαι νομίζοντες αἱρετώτερα, ἀφίστασθαι πάντως ἐγίνωσκον.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (τοιούτων ... κατειληφότων), followed by nominative participial clauses modifying the Messenians; νομίζοντες governs coordinated infinitives whose comparative evaluation leads to ἀφίστασθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιούτων | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατειληφότων | det | medium | Genitive absolute with κατειληφότων. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G | _ | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | κατειληφότων | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-RAPGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐνορῶντες | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; subject is τοιούτων. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἐνορῶντες | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D | _ | 12 ἐνορῶντες | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 10 μέλλοντα | case | high | |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 μέλλοντα | det | high | |
| 10 | μέλλοντα | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐνορῶντες | obl | high | Substantivized participle. |
| 11 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐνορῶντες | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐνορῶντες | ἐνοράω | VERB | V-PAPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | advcl | high | Coordinated participial circumstance. |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 15 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 φιλάνθρωπον | obl | high | |
| 16 | φιλάνθρωπον | φιλάνθρωπος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐνορῶντες | obj | medium | Predicative/elliptical object: expectation of humane treatment. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐνορῶντες | punct | high | |
| 18 | πρό | πρό | ADV | D | _ | 23 τεθνάναι | advmod | medium | Adverbial πρό in the phrase πρό τε τῶν παρόντων. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 τεθνάναι | cc | high | |
| 20 | δὴ | δή | PART | G | _ | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | discourse | high | |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 παρόντων | det | high | |
| 22 | παρόντων | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAPGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 τεθνάναι | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive participle, ‘present circumstances’. |
| 23 | τεθνάναι | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 34 αἱρετώτερα | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the content of νομίζοντες. |
| 24 | μαχομένους | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 23 τεθνάναι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with understood subject; circumstance of dying. |
| 25 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 οἴχεσθαι | cc | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 οἴχεσθαι | cc | high | Correlative καὶ ... ἢ καὶ. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 παράπαν | det | high | |
| 28 | παράπαν | παράπαν | ADV | D | _ | 32 οἴχεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 29 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 30 Πελοποννήσου | case | high | |
| 30 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 φεύγοντας | obl | high | |
| 31 | φεύγοντας | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 32 οἴχεσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle coordinated with μαχομένους. |
| 32 | οἴχεσθαι | οἴχομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 34 αἱρετώτερα | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive under νομίζοντες. |
| 33 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | advcl | high | Participial clause governing coordinated infinitives. |
| 34 | αἱρετώτερα | αἱρετός | ADJ | A-NPN-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἀφίστασθαι | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate adjective; neuter plural, with infinitive subject understood. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 αἱρετώτερα | punct | high | |
| 36 | ἀφίστασθαι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐγίνωσκον. |
| 37 | πάντως | πάντως | ADV | D | _ | 36 ἀφίστασθαι | advmod | high | |
| 38 | ἐγίνωσκον | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἐγίνωσκον | punct | high |
ἐνῆγον δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς τοῦτο καὶ οἱ νεώτεροι, πολέμου μὲν ἔτι ἀπείρως ἔχοντες, λαμπροὶ δὲ ὄντες τὰ φρονήματα καὶ ἀποθανεῖν προτιμῶντες ἐν ἐλευθέρᾳ τῇ πατρίδι, εἰ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εὐδαιμόνως δουλεύειν παρείη.
The participles ἔχοντες, ὄντες, and προτιμῶντες are coordinated/circumstantial predicates of οἱ νεώτεροι; the final εἰ-clause is a conditional qualification with optative παρείη and infinitival δουλεύειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνῆγον | ἐνάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 36 παρείη | root | high | Imperfect active, ‘were urging/leading’; main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐνῆγον | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART.NEG | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Elided form before initial vowel. |
| 4 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV.SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 ἐνῆγον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘least/not least’; with οὐχ, ‘especially’. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 τοῦτο | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 6 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-D-A-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 ἐνῆγον | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the sense ‘to this end/matter’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 νεώτεροι | det | high | |
| 9 | νεώτεροι | νέος | ADJ | A-NPM-C | substantivized=Yes|Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐνῆγον | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative adjective, ‘the younger men’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 νεώτεροι | punct | high | |
| 11 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχοντες | obl | medium | Genitive with ἄπειρος, ‘inexperienced in war’. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 11 πολέμου | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with later δέ. |
| 13 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἀπείρως | ἄπειρος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Adverbial complement, ‘inexperiencedly/without experience’. |
| 15 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 προτιμῶντες | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying νεώτεροι. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔχοντες | punct | high | |
| 17 | λαμπροὶ | λαμπρός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ὄντες. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ὄντες | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 προτιμῶντες | advcl | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 φρονήματα | det | high | |
| 21 | φρονήματα | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λαμπροὶ | obl | high | Accusative of respect, ‘in their outlook/spirit’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 προτιμῶντες | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 προτιμῶντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with προτιμῶντες. |
| 24 | προτιμῶντες | προτιμάω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐνῆγον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying νεώτεροι; ‘preferring to die’. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 πατρίδι | case | high | |
| 26 | ἐλευθέρᾳ | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 πατρίδι | amod | high | Adjective modifying πατρίδι. |
| 27 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 πατρίδι | det | high | |
| 28 | πατρίδι | πατρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 προτιμῶντες | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐν. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προτιμῶντες | punct | high | |
| 30 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 παρείη | mark | high | Introduces conditional subordinate clause. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | PART | PART | _ | 33 ἄλλα | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘even/otherwise’. |
| 32 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 33 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 33 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | substantivized=Yes|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 δουλεύειν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘in other respects’. |
| 34 | εὐδαιμόνως | εὐδαιμόνως | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 δουλεύειν | advmod | high | |
| 35 | δουλεύειν | δουλεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 36 παρείη | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on παρείη, ‘to be enslaved’. |
| 36 | παρείη | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐνῆγον | advcl | medium | Optative in εἰ-clause; impersonal/elliptical, with δουλεύειν as infinitival complement. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐνῆγον | punct | high |