Grammar parses for passage 4.14.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐς τιμωρίας δὲ ἃς ὕβριζον ἐς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, Τυρταίῳ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν.
The sentence is elliptical/idiomatic: πεποιημένα ἐστίν is a perfect periphrastic/passive construction, with Τυρταίῳ as the dative agent or author; ἃς refers to τιμωρίας and is the object of ὕβριζον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 τιμωρίας | case | high | |
| 2 | τιμωρίας | τιμωρία | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Accusative of reference/purpose with ἐς; syntactically the phrase is somewhat elliptical. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | R-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 5 ὕβριζον | obj | high | Relative pronoun antecedent is τιμωρίας. |
| 5 | ὕβριζον | ὑβρίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 2 τιμωρίας | acl:relcl | medium | Subject is unexpressed, likely the Spartans or previously mentioned actors. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὕβριζον | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Τυρταίῳ | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεποιημένα | obl:agent | medium | Dative of agent/author with the perfect passive participle; proper name. |
| 11 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-NAP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, neuter plural, functioning substantivally; agreement is with an implicit neuter plural subject/object. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular auxiliary in a perfect periphrastic construction. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ὥσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι, δεσποσύνοισι φέροντες ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς ἥμισυ πᾶν ὅσσων καρπὸν ἄρουρα φέρει.
Comparative simile introduced by ὥσπερ; the participial construction is syntactically compressed and the final ἥμισυ πᾶν is treated as the object/quantified whole of φέρει, with ὅσσων καρπόν as a genitive relative measure phrase. The attachment of ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 5 τειρόμενοι | mark | high | Comparative subordinator introducing the simile. |
| 2 | ὄνοι | ὄνος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τειρόμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of τειρόμενοι and φέροντες. |
| 3 | μεγάλοις | μέγας | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἄχθεσι | amod | medium | Dative plural form agreeing with ἄχθεσι; masculine/neuter syncretism. |
| 4 | ἄχθεσι | ἄχθος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τειρόμενοι | obl | high | Dative of burden or means with τειρόμενοι. |
| 5 | τειρόμενοι | τείρω | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 17 φέρει | advcl | medium | Present passive participle, forming the ὥσπερ simile; finite attachment is compressed. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τειρόμενοι | punct | high | |
| 7 | δεσποσύνοισι | δεσποσύνοισι | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 φέροντες | obl | low | Rare/dialectal form; probably dative plural, likely ‘under/with masterly [commands]’ or related to δεσπόσυνος. |
| 8 | φέροντες | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 φέρει | advcl | high | Coordinated or successive participle with subject ὄνοι. |
| 9 | ἀναγκαίης | ἀναγκαῖος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 λυγρῆς | amod | medium | Genitive singular feminine, likely agreeing with λυγρῆς in a compressed phrase. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 8 φέροντες | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive phrase. |
| 11 | λυγρῆς | λυγρός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπὸ | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ὑπό; agreement/ellipsis with ἀναγκαίης is uncertain. |
| 12 | ἥμισυ | ἥμισυς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | obj | medium | Neuter singular half; construed substantivally or as the quantified object of φέρει. |
| 13 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἥμισυ | amod | medium | Neuter singular agreeing with substantival ἥμισυ; case is formally nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 14 | ὅσσων | ὅσος | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 καρπὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive relative/quantitative modifier of καρπόν. |
| 15 | καρπὸν | καρπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄρουρα | obj | medium | Object of φέρει inside the relative clause; the phrase gives the yield measure. |
| 16 | ἄρουρα | ἄρουρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | nsubj | high | Subject of φέρει in the relative clause. |
| 17 | φέρει | φέρω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite root verb; subject ἄρουρα. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | punct | high |
ὅτι δὲ καὶ συμπενθεῖν ἔκειτο αὐτοῖς ἀνάγκη, δεδήλωκεν ἐν τῷδε.
Declarative ὅτι-clause is the object of δεδήλωκεν; συμπενθεῖν is an articular-less infinitival subject with ἀνάγκη, while ἔκειτο is impersonal/semi-impersonal and αὐτοῖς is its dative experiencer/agent. The exact force of ἔκειτο with ἀνάγκη is somewhat idiomatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause of δεδήλωκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὅτι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 συμπενθεῖν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, modifying the infinitival proposition. |
| 4 | συμπενθεῖν | συμπενθέω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἀνάγκη | nsubj | medium | Present active infinitive functioning as the subject of ἀνάγκη. |
| 5 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀνάγκη | cop | low | Imperfect middle form of κεῖμαι; analyzed as a copular/semi-impersonal predicate with ἀνάγκη, though the idiom is difficult. |
| 6 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 ἔκειτο | iobj | medium | Dative of the persons concerned/experiencer with ἔκειτο ἀνάγκη. |
| 7 | ἀνάγκη | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-SFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 δεδήλωκεν | parataxis | medium | Predicate noun expressing necessity; linked to the infinitival subject. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | δεδήλωκεν | δηλόω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb: 'has made clear'. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 τῷδε | case | high | Preposition governing τῷδε. |
| 11 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | P-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 δεδήλωκεν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative, 'in this'/'here'; ἐν τῷδε is an oblique adjunct of δεδήλωκεν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high |
δεσπότας οἰμώζοντες, ὁμῶς ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοί, εὖτέ τινʼ οὐλομένη μοῖρα κίχοι θανάτου.
Participial phrase: οἰμώζοντες agrees with the understood subject ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοί; δεσπότας is its accusative object. The temporal clause εὖτέ ... κίχοι has optative κίχοι, with μοῖρα as subject and θανάτου as a genitive dependent on μοῖρα; ὁμῶς is an adverb modifying the coordinated subject/predicate context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεσπότας | δεσπότης | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 οἰμώζοντες | obj | high | |
| 2 | οἰμώζοντες | οἰμώζω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 κίχοι | advcl | medium | Participial adjunct; its understood subject is the coordinated ἄλοχοί ... αὐτοί. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 οἰμώζοντες | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὁμῶς | ὁμῶς | ADV | D | _ | 14 κίχοι | advmod | medium | Adverbial connective/modifier; exact scope is somewhat interpretive. |
| 5 | ἄλοχοί | ἄλοχος | NOUN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κίχοι | nsubj | medium | Form is masculine nominative plural here, coordinated with αὐτοί. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἄλοχοί | cc | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 αὐτοί | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 ἄλοχοί | conj | high | Intensive/emphatic pronoun, coordinated with ἄλοχοί. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κίχοι | punct | high | |
| 10 | εὖτέ | εὖτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 14 κίχοι | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 11 | τινʼ | τις | PRON | P-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 οὐλομένη | det | medium | Indefinite enclitic; agrees with μοῖρα, though its placement is separated from the noun. |
| 12 | οὐλομένη | οὐλόμενος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 μοῖρα | amod | high | |
| 13 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κίχοι | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | κίχοι | κιγχάνω | VERB | V-AOP-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active optative, third singular; spelling κίχοι reflects the verb form. |
| 15 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 μοῖρα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on μοῖρα, likely ‘fate of death’/‘deadly fate’. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κίχοι | punct | high |