Grammar parses for passage 4.14.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐς τιμωρίας δὲ ἃς ὕβριζον ἐς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, Τυρταίῳ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν.
The sentence has a relative clause modifying τιμωρίας; the participial clause with πεποιημένα ἐστίν is construed as a perfect passive predication with Τυρταίῳ as dative of agency/attribution.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τιμωρίας | case | high | Preposition taking the following noun phrase. |
| 2 | τιμωρίας | τιμωρία | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πεποιημένα | obl | high | Object of ἐς; accusative plural. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 πεποιημένα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | P-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 5 ὕβριζον | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τιμωρίας. |
| 5 | ὕβριζον | ὑβρίζω | VERB | V-IIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 2 τιμωρίας | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying τιμωρίας. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Preposition taking the following noun phrase. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίους. |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὕβριζον | obl | medium | Proper name used adjectivally/substantivally; object of ἐς in the relative clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεποιημένα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | Τυρταίῳ | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεποιημένα | obl | high | Dative of agent/attribution with πεποιημένα ἐστίν. |
| 11 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPPPNN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with ἐστίν. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/auxiliary root. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὥσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι, δεσποσύνοισι φέροντες ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς ἥμισυ πᾶν ὅσσων καρπὸν ἄρουρα φέρει.
The syntax is a simile with two participial clauses before the main clause; token 12 is somewhat uncertain in function because the phrase ὑπὸ λυγρῆς ἀναγκαίης ἥμισυ is compressed and arguably elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | mark | high | Comparative subordinator introducing the simile. |
| 2 | ὄνοι | ὄνος | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τειρόμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle τειρόμενοι. |
| 3 | μεγάλοις | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἄχθεσι | amod | high | Agrees with ἄχθεσι. |
| 4 | ἄχθεσι | ἄχθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τειρόμενοι | obl | high | Dative of means/cause with τειρόμενοι. |
| 5 | τειρόμενοι | τείρω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 φέρει | advcl | high | Participial clause dependent on the main finite verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | δεσποσύνοισι | δεσπόσυνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 φέροντες | amod | medium | Likely adjective modifying an implicit/understood noun in dative. |
| 8 | φέροντες | φέρω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 φέρει | advcl | high | Participial clause coordinated or juxtaposed with the previous participle. |
| 9 | ἀναγκαίης | ἀναγκαίη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 λυγρῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λυγρῆς. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ἥμισυ | case | high | Preposition governing ἥμισυ. |
| 11 | λυγρῆς | λυγρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἥμισυ | amod | high | Modifies ἥμισυ. |
| 12 | ἥμισυ | ἥμισυς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 φέροντες | obl | medium | Likely partitive/genitive expression with ὑπό λυγρῆς ἀναγκαίης; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 13 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 καρπὸν | amod | high | Modifies καρπὸν. |
| 14 | ὅσσων | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 15 καρπὸν | det | high | Relative quantifier modifying καρπὸν. |
| 15 | καρπὸν | καρπός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | obj | high | Object of φέρει. |
| 16 | ἄρουρα | ἄρουρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | nsubj | high | Subject of φέρει. |
| 17 | φέρει | φέρω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὅτι δὲ καὶ συμπενθεῖν ἔκειτο αὐτοῖς ἀνάγκη, δεδήλωκεν ἐν τῷδε.
The clause ὅτι δὲ ... ἀνάγκη is somewhat elliptical; ἀνάγκη is treated as the subject of the reported/copular clause, with ὅτι marking the content clause headed by δεδήλωκεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 συμπενθεῖν | cc | high | Connects infinitive to prior coordinated element. |
| 4 | συμπενθεῖν | συμπενθέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἀνάγκη | nsubj | medium | Infinitive functioning as clausal subject; coordination with implied infinitival complement is possible. |
| 5 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀνάγκη | cop | high | Copular-like verb with predicative noun ἀνάγκη. |
| 6 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνάγκη | obl | high | Dative dependent of the predication. |
| 7 | ἀνάγκη | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 δεδήλωκεν | csubj | medium | Likely subject of δεδήλωκεν via the quoted/content clause. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | δεδήλωκεν | δηλόω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | obl | high | Preposition introducing adverbial phrase. |
| 11 | τῷδε | ὅδε | DET | Pd-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐν | obj | high | Demonstrative substantive governed by ἐν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δεσπότας οἰμώζοντες, ὁμῶς ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοί, εὖτέ τινʼ οὐλομένη μοῖρα κίχοι θανάτου.
The clause with εὖτέ is subordinate to κίχοι; ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοί is treated as a coordinated subject phrase, though the exact attachment of ὁμῶς is slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεσπότας | δεσπότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 οἰμώζοντες | obj | high | Direct object of οἰμώζοντες. |
| 2 | οἰμώζοντες | οἰμώζω | VERB | PAPMNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 κίχοι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main verb κίχοι. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 οἰμώζοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὁμῶς | ὁμῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 2 οἰμώζοντες | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the participle/phrase. |
| 5 | ἄλοχοί | ἄλοχος | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 αὐτοί | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of οἰμώζοντες, coordinated with αὐτοί. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἄλοχοί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 αὐτοί | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-AMP-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἄλοχοί | conj | high | Second conjunct with ἄλοχοί. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 αὐτοί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | εὖτέ | εὖτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 κίχοι | mark | high | Temporal/conditional conjunction introducing subordinate clause. |
| 11 | τινʼ | τις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 κίχοι | obj | medium | Indefinite pronoun; object of κίχοι. |
| 12 | οὐλομένη | ὀλλύμι | ADJ | PAPFNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 μοῖρα | amod | medium | Form is participial/adjectival; syntax suggests attributive modifier of μοῖρα. |
| 13 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κίχοι | nsubj | high | Subject of κίχοι. |
| 14 | κίχοι | κίγχανω | VERB | V-3AAO-S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κίχοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κίχοι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κίχοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |