Grammar parses for passage 4.15.7
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ἀρκάδες, ἔτι δὲ ἐξ Ἄργους ἀφίκετο καὶ Σικυῶνος βοήθεια.
The sentence has a fronted dative recipient/beneficiary Μεσσηνίοις; the coordinated subjects Ἠλεῖοι, Ἀρκάδες, and βοήθεια are associated with ἀφίκετο, with ἐξ-phrases expressing origin. The singular verb with coordinated nominal material is retained as in the transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκετο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Μεσσηνίοις | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominal subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | Coordinates Ἠλεῖοι and Ἀρκάδες. |
| 6 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἠλεῖοι | conj | high | Coordinated nominal subject. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἠλεῖοι | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning additionally/still. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Adversative/additive coordinator. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | A-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Origin phrase, from Argos. |
| 12 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, arrived/came. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 βοήθεια | cc | high | Coordinates the two origin phrases. |
| 14 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 βοήθεια | nmod | medium | Genitive place-name coordinated with ἐξ Ἄργους; the omitted/repeated preposition is understood. |
| 15 | βοήθεια | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Subject; singular verb agrees with this noun. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
παρῆσαν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι πρότερον τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἔφευγον ἑκουσίως, ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνός τε, οἷς πάτριον δρᾶν τὰ ὄργια τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν, καὶ οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι·
Main predicate παρῆσαν takes a delayed subject consisting of ὅσοι ... ἔφευγον and a coordinated οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι; οἷς is dative of possession/reference with πάτριον δρᾶν, while ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνος is an elliptical prepositional phrase, probably modifying the preceding group.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρῆσαν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρῆσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-ANM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 1 παρῆσαν | nsubj | high | Relatival/quantifying subject: ‘all those who’. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔφευγον | obl | high | Partitive/relational genitive with ὅσοι or ἔφευγον. |
| 8 | ἔφευγον | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 4 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 9 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἐλευσῖνός | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔφευγον | obl | medium | Elliptical/loosely attached origin phrase; exact scope is uncertain. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | cc | medium | Correlative τε, coordinating the following phrase with the preceding ἐξ phrase. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | punct | high | |
| 15 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 δρᾶν | iobj | medium | Dative with infinitive, likely possessive/reference: ‘for whom it was ancestral to perform’. |
| 16 | πάτριον | πάτριος | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Fin | 17 δρᾶν | xcomp | medium | Neuter predicative adjective with implied/elliptical ἐστίν; attached to infinitival construction. |
| 17 | δρᾶν | δράω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 8 ἔφευγον | conj | medium | Infinitive in an impersonal/elliptical predication; coordinated by τε with the preceding origin phrase. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ὄργια | det | high | |
| 19 | ὄργια | ὄργιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 δρᾶν | obj | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | Μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 22 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ὄργια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὄργια. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 δρᾶν | punct | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀπόγονοι | cc | high | |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἀπόγονοι | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀνδροκλέους | Ἀνδροκλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπόγονοι | nmod:poss | high | Patronymic/possessive genitive. |
| 27 | ἀπόγονοι | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 παρῆσαν | conj | high | Coordinated subject with ὅσοι. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 παρῆσαν | punct | high |
καὶ γὰρ οἱ συσπεύσαντες μάλιστά σφισιν ἦσαν οὗτοι.
οὗτοι is the nominative masculine plural subject/complement of ἦσαν; συσπεύσαντες is a substantival aorist participle, with μάλιστά modifying it and σφισιν as its dative participant. The conjunctions καὶ γάρ link the sentence to prior context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PTCL | _ | 7 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συσπεύσαντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 4 | συσπεύσαντες | συσπεύδω | VERB | VAAP-PMN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 οὗτοι | nsubj | medium | Substantival aorist active participle; parsed as the semantic subject/complement of the copular clause. |
| 5 | μάλιστά | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 4 συσπεύσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 συσπεύσαντες | iobj | medium | Dative plural reflexive/third-person pronoun; semantic participant of συσπεύσαντες. |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of εἰμί. |
| 8 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD----NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative nominative plural, predicative/identificational with ἦσαν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἦσαν | punct | high |