Grammar parses for passage 4.15.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐνιαυτῷ δὲ ὕστερον τοῦ περὶ τὰς Δέρας ἀγῶνος, ἡκόντων ἀμφοτέροις καὶ τῶν συμμάχων, παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς μάχην συνάψοντες ἐπὶ τῷ καλουμένῳ Κάπρου σήματι.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (ἡκόντων ... τῶν συμμάχων) and a ὡς plus future participle construction expressing intended battle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνιαυτῷ | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N-dat-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl | high | Dative of time: one year later. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘later’. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-gen-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἀγῶνος | case | high | |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-acc-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 Δέρας | det | high | |
| 7 | Δέρας | Δέραι | PROPN | Np-f-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἀγῶνος | nmod | medium | Place-name; inflection and lemma are somewhat orthographically uncertain. |
| 8 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-gen-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ὕστερον: later than the contest. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἡκόντων | ἥκω | VERB | V-ppa-gmp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, with ἀμφοτέροις understood as its dative recipients/parties. |
| 11 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A-dat-mp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἡκόντων | obl | medium | Dative with ἡκόντων, likely ‘for both sides’; syntactically associated with the genitive absolute. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 συμμάχων | cc | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gen-mp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 συμμάχων | det | high | |
| 14 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-gen-mp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἡκόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive-subject member of the absolute construction, coordinated semantically with ἡκόντων. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | παρεσκευάζοντο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-im-mp-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle: they were preparing themselves. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 συνάψοντες | mark | high | Introduces intended-result/purpose participial construction. |
| 18 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-acc-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνάψοντες | obj | high | Object of συνάψοντες. |
| 19 | συνάψοντες | συνάπτω | VERB | V-fpa-nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | advcl | high | Future participle expressing intended action after ὡς. |
| 20 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 σήματι | case | high | |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dat-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 σήματι | det | high | |
| 22 | καλουμένῳ | καλέω | VERB | V-ppp-dns | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 σήματι | acl | high | Attributive passive participle: the so-called sign/monument. |
| 23 | Κάπρου | Κάπρος | PROPN | Np-gen-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 σήματι | nmod | high | Proper name dependent on σήματι. |
| 24 | σήματι | σῆμα | NOUN | N-dat-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 συνάψοντες | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, indicating location. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | punct | high |
Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ἀρκάδες, ἔτι δὲ ἐξ Ἄργους ἀφίκετο καὶ Σικυῶνος βοήθεια.
The sentence has a fronted dative recipient/beneficiary Μεσσηνίοις; the coordinated subjects Ἠλεῖοι, Ἀρκάδες, and βοήθεια are associated with ἀφίκετο, with ἐξ-phrases expressing origin. The singular verb with coordinated nominal material is retained as in the transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκετο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Μεσσηνίοις | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominal subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | Coordinates Ἠλεῖοι and Ἀρκάδες. |
| 6 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἠλεῖοι | conj | high | Coordinated nominal subject. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἠλεῖοι | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | Adverb meaning additionally/still. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Adversative/additive coordinator. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | A-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Origin phrase, from Argos. |
| 12 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, arrived/came. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 βοήθεια | cc | high | Coordinates the two origin phrases. |
| 14 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 βοήθεια | nmod | medium | Genitive place-name coordinated with ἐξ Ἄργους; the omitted/repeated preposition is understood. |
| 15 | βοήθεια | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Subject; singular verb agrees with this noun. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
παρῆσαν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι πρότερον τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἔφευγον ἑκουσίως, ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνός τε, οἷς πάτριον δρᾶν τὰ ὄργια τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν, καὶ οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι·
Main predicate παρῆσαν takes a delayed subject consisting of ὅσοι ... ἔφευγον and a coordinated οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι; οἷς is dative of possession/reference with πάτριον δρᾶν, while ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνος is an elliptical prepositional phrase, probably modifying the preceding group.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρῆσαν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρῆσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-ANM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 1 παρῆσαν | nsubj | high | Relatival/quantifying subject: ‘all those who’. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔφευγον | obl | high | Partitive/relational genitive with ὅσοι or ἔφευγον. |
| 8 | ἔφευγον | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 4 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 9 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἔφευγον | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἐλευσῖνός | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔφευγον | obl | medium | Elliptical/loosely attached origin phrase; exact scope is uncertain. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | cc | medium | Correlative τε, coordinating the following phrase with the preceding ἐξ phrase. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ἐλευσῖνός | punct | high | |
| 15 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 δρᾶν | iobj | medium | Dative with infinitive, likely possessive/reference: ‘for whom it was ancestral to perform’. |
| 16 | πάτριον | πάτριος | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Fin | 17 δρᾶν | xcomp | medium | Neuter predicative adjective with implied/elliptical ἐστίν; attached to infinitival construction. |
| 17 | δρᾶν | δράω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 8 ἔφευγον | conj | medium | Infinitive in an impersonal/elliptical predication; coordinated by τε with the preceding origin phrase. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ὄργια | det | high | |
| 19 | ὄργια | ὄργιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 δρᾶν | obj | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | Μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 22 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ὄργια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὄργια. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 δρᾶν | punct | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀπόγονοι | cc | high | |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἀπόγονοι | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀνδροκλέους | Ἀνδροκλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπόγονοι | nmod:poss | high | Patronymic/possessive genitive. |
| 27 | ἀπόγονοι | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 παρῆσαν | conj | high | Coordinated subject with ὅσοι. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 παρῆσαν | punct | high |
καὶ γὰρ οἱ συσπεύσαντες μάλιστά σφισιν ἦσαν οὗτοι.
οὗτοι is the nominative masculine plural subject/complement of ἦσαν; συσπεύσαντες is a substantival aorist participle, with μάλιστά modifying it and σφισιν as its dative participant. The conjunctions καὶ γάρ link the sentence to prior context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PTCL | _ | 7 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συσπεύσαντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 4 | συσπεύσαντες | συσπεύδω | VERB | VAAP-PMN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 οὗτοι | nsubj | medium | Substantival aorist active participle; parsed as the semantic subject/complement of the copular clause. |
| 5 | μάλιστά | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 4 συσπεύσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 συσπεύσαντες | iobj | medium | Dative plural reflexive/third-person pronoun; semantic participant of συσπεύσαντες. |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of εἰμί. |
| 8 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD----NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative nominative plural, predicative/identificational with ἦσαν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἦσαν | punct | high |