Grammar parses for passage 5.4.9
Open translation for this passage
Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ Ἀμύντου οὐκ ἐθέλοντος ἀποσχέσθαι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, προσεχώρησαν μὲν ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν τῶν Μακεδόνων οἱ Ἠλεῖοι στάσει κακωθέντες ὑπὸ ἀλλήλων, μαχεσθῆναι δὲ οὐχ ὑπέμειναν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐναντία ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ·
The opening genitive absolute modifies the main clause; the second clause is coordinated with μὲν ... δὲ, and ἐναντία is syntactically difficult, likely adverbial/predicative with the infinitival sense of resistance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐθέλοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject with ἐθέλοντος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 προσεχώρησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀμύντου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀμύντου. |
| 4 | Ἀμύντου | Ἀμύντας | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Φιλίππου | nmod | high | Part of the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 6 ἐθέλοντος | advmod | high | Negates ἐθέλοντος. |
| 6 | ἐθέλοντος | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 προσεχώρησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 7 | ἀποσχέσθαι | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-ANM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐθέλοντος | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐθέλοντος. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλάδος. |
| 9 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποσχέσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀποσχέσθαι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | προσεχώρησαν | προσχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 προσεχώρησαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 συμμαχίαν | case | high | Preposition governing συμμαχίαν. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 συμμαχίαν | det | high | Article modifying συμμαχίαν. |
| 15 | συμμαχίαν | συμμαχία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 προσεχώρησαν | obl | high | Goal/location complement with ἐς. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Μακεδόνων | det | high | Article modifying Μακεδόνων. |
| 17 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 συμμαχίαν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of συμμαχίαν. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἠλεῖοι | det | high | Article functioning with Ἠλεῖοι. |
| 19 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 προσεχώρησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσεχώρησαν. |
| 20 | στάσει | στάσις | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 κακωθέντες | obl | medium | Likely dative of cause/means with κακωθέντες. |
| 21 | κακωθέντες | κακόω | VERB | V-APP-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 Ἠλεῖοι | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἠλεῖοι. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἀλλήλων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 23 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 κακωθέντες | obl | high | Agent/ablative complement with ὑπό. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | μαχεσθῆναι | μάχομαι | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 28 ὑπέμειναν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement of ὑπέμειναν; deponent form. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 28 ὑπέμειναν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 27 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 28 ὑπέμειναν | advmod | high | Negates ὑπέμειναν. |
| 28 | ὑπέμειναν | ὑπομένω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 προσεχώρησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 29 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | Article modifying Ἕλλησιν. |
| 30 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ὑπέμειναν | obl | high | Dative complement of ὑπέμειναν. |
| 31 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ὑπέμειναν | obj | medium | Adverbial/accusative use 'against' with infinitive understood; uncertain syntax. |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ὑπέμειναν | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῆς δὲ ἐφόδου Φιλίππῳ τῆς ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μετέσχον κατὰ ἔχθος ἐς αὐτοὺς τὸ ἀρχαῖον,
Syntax is somewhat compressed: μετέσχον is the root, with several prepositional phrases and genitives expressing involvement, target, and motive; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is the most uncertain attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἐφόδου | det | high | Modifies ἐφόδου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 μετέσχον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐφόδου | ἔφοδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 μετέσχον | nsubj | medium | Genitive dependent of μετέσχον; likely partitive/genitive of respect in context. |
| 4 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μετέσχον | obl | high | Dative with μετέσχον, indicating association/participation with Philip. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἔχθος | det | high | Modifies ἔχθος. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Introduces object of the preposition. |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 8 | μετέσχον | μετέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; root of the clause. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἔχθος | case | high | Introduces abstract object/complement. |
| 10 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μετέσχον | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative with κατά, expressing motive/cause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Introduces prepositional object. |
| 12 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 μετέσχον | obl | high | Object of ἐς, referring back to the Spartans. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Modifies ἀρχαῖον. |
| 14 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μετέσχον | obl | medium | Probably substantivized adjective in accusative, governed adverbially by ἐς/κατὰ phrase or attached loosely to the clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 μετέσχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Μακεδόσι καὶ Ἀντιπάτρῳ μετὰ Ἑλλήνων ἐπολέμησαν.
The opening genitive absolute (ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου) sets the temporal background for the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | PAPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐπολέμησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐπολέμησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | NNPMGS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | NOUN | NPM-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | medium | Dative of association/advantage. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 Ἀντιπάτρῳ | cc | high | Coordinates 4 and 6. |
| 6 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | NNPMDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Μακεδόσι | conj | high | Coordinated dative with Μακεδόσι. |
| 7 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 8 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | NPMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | medium | Prepositional object of μετὰ. |
| 9 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐπολέμησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |