Grammar parses for passage 5.8.10
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ ὁπλιτῶν ὁ δρόμος ἐδοκιμάσθη μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑξηκοστῆς, μελέτης ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕνεκα τῆς ἐς τὰ πολεμικά· τοὺς δὲ δραμόντας ἀσπίσιν ὁμοῦ πρῶτος Δαμάρετος ἐκράτησεν Ἡραιεύς.
The first clause has a passive subject δρόμος; the semicolon introduces a coordinated clause whose object is the substantivized participle τοὺς δραμόντας. The parenthetical ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν is attached as an adverbial/comment infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὁπλιτῶν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁπλιτῶν | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 δρόμος | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 δρόμος | det | high | |
| 5 | δρόμος | δρόμος | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 6 | ἐδοκιμάσθη | δοκιμάζω | VERB | V-Aor-Pass-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | discourse | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδος | case | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πέμπτης | det | high | |
| 10 | πέμπτης | πέμπτος | ADJ | A-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | obl | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 ἑξηκοστῆς | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἑξηκοστῆς | ἑξηκοστός | ADJ | A-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Coordinates with πέμπτης; ordinal phrase means the sixty-fifth Olympiad. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | punct | high | |
| 15 | μελέτης | μελέτη | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 δοκεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive of purpose with ἕνεκα; syntactically linked to the following infinitival comment. |
| 16 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-Dat-Sg-1 | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 17 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | |
| 17 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Inf | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | advcl | medium | Parenthetical infinitive, ‘as it seems to me’; attachment is interpretive. |
| 18 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | Prep | _ | 15 μελέτης | case | high | |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πολεμικά | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 22 πολεμικά | case | high | |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 πολεμικά | det | high | |
| 22 | πολεμικά | πολεμικός | ADJ | A-Acc-Pl-Neut | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 μελέτης | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘military matters’. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | punct | high | |
| 24 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 δραμόντας | det | high | |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 31 ἐκράτησεν | cc | high | |
| 26 | δραμόντας | τρέχω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Part-Acc-Pl-Masc | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 31 ἐκράτησεν | obj | high | Substantival participle, ‘those who ran’. |
| 27 | ἀσπίσιν | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-Dat-Pl-Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 δραμόντας | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment/instrument with ὁμοῦ. |
| 28 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | Adv | _ | 31 ἐκράτησεν | advmod | high | |
| 29 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Δαμάρετος | amod | high | Predicative/superlative-like ‘first’; agrees with Δαμάρετος. |
| 30 | Δαμάρετος | Δαμάρετος | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐκράτησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | ἐκράτησεν | κρατέω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 6 ἐδοκιμάσθη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause after the semicolon. |
| 32 | Ἡραιεύς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Δαμάρετος | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition to Δαμάρετος. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐκράτησεν | punct | high |
δρόμος δὲ δύο ἵππων τελείων συνωρὶς κληθεῖσα τρίτῃ μὲν Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐτέθη πρὸς ταῖς ἐνενήκοντα, Εὐαγόρας δὲ ἐνίκησεν Ἠλεῖος.
The first clause says the two-horse chariot race was instituted in the 93rd Olympiad; δρόμος and συνωρίς are best treated as appositional nominal subjects around the passive ἐτέθη. The second clause is coordinated with μέν/δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δρόμος | δρόμος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συνωρὶς | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 1 δρόμος | cc | high | |
| 3 | δύο | δύο | NUM | m-------- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 4 ἵππων | nummod | high | |
| 4 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συνωρὶς | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τελείων | τέλειος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἵππων | amod | high | |
| 6 | συνωρὶς | συνωρίς | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Predicate subject of ἐτέθη; δρόμος is an appositional specification. |
| 7 | κληθεῖσα | καλέω | VERB | v-sappfn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 συνωρὶς | acl | high | |
| 8 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | discourse | high | Correlative μέν before the later δέ. |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | obl | high | Time reference: in the third Olympiad. |
| 11 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | v-sapi-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 ἐνενήκοντα | case | high | |
| 13 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐνενήκοντα | det | high | |
| 14 | ἐνενήκοντα | ἐνενήκοντα | NUM | m-------- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτέθη | obl | medium | Elliptical ordinal/counting expression with ταῖς; morphology is conventionally represented as dative plural. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | punct | high | |
| 16 | Εὐαγόρας | Εὐαγόρας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | v-saai-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐτέθη | conj | high | Coordinated finite clause. |
| 19 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Εὐαγόρας | amod | high | Ethnic adjective in apposition to the personal name. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | punct | high |
ἐνάτῃ δὲ ἤρεσεν Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐνενηκοστῇ καὶ πώλων ἅρμασιν ἀγωνίζεσθαι· Λακεδαιμόνιος δὲ Συβαριάδης τὸν στέφανον τῶν πώλων ἔσχε τοῦ ἅρματος.
Two coordinated clauses: ἤρεσεν governs the dative temporal Olympiad phrase and the infinitive ἀγωνίζεσθαι; ἔσχε governs τὸν στέφανον, with τῶν πώλων and τοῦ ἅρματος dependent genitives. The second clause is syntactically elliptical in its predicative description of Συβαριάδης as Lacedaemonian.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνάτῃ | ἔνατος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἤρεσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἤρεσεν | ἀρέσκω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἤρεσεν | obl | high | Dative of time/occasion. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 ἐνενηκοστῇ | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐνενηκοστῇ | ἐνενηκοστός | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | conj | high | Coordinates with Ὀλυμπιάδι, with καί understood between ordinal and noun. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 πώλων | cc | high | |
| 8 | πώλων | πῶλος | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἅρμασιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἅρμασιν, specifying the horse/chariot event. |
| 9 | ἅρμασιν | ἅρμα | NOUN | N--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἤρεσεν | obl | medium | Dative of means/event category; coordinated with the Olympiad dative phrase. |
| 10 | ἀγωνίζεσθαι | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 ἤρεσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἤρεσεν. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἤρεσεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμόνιος | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Συβαριάδης | amod | high | Ethnic adjective in apposition/predication with Συβαριάδης. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 ἔσχε | cc | high | |
| 14 | Συβαριάδης | Συβαριάδης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 στέφανον | det | high | |
| 16 | στέφανον | στέφανος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 πώλων | det | high | |
| 18 | πώλων | πῶλος | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 στέφανον | nmod | high | Genitive of association/type: the crown of the colts. |
| 19 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Second coordinated main clause; punctuation separates it from the first root. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἅρματος | det | high | |
| 21 | ἅρματος | ἅρμα | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 στέφανον | nmod | medium | Genitive specifying the chariot associated with the crown; could alternatively be construed with πώλων as an event designation. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔσχε | punct | high |