Grammar parses for passage 6.20.19
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ Ταράξιππος Γλαῦκος ὁ Σισύφου·
Existential clause: Ταράξιππος is the subject, with Γλαῦκος in apposition and ἐν Ἰσθμῷ as the locative adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential use: 'there is'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 Ταράξιππος | advmod | high | Additive particle, 'also'. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἰσθμῷ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 5 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 6 | Ταράξιππος | Ταράξιππος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Named subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 7 | Γλαῦκος | Γλαῦκος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | appos | high | Apposition identifying Ταράξιππος. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Σισύφου | det | high | Article with the genitive patronymic/name. |
| 9 | Σισύφου | Σίσυφος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Γλαῦκος | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic relation: 'of Sisyphus'. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτῷ τὴν τελευτὴν λέγουσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων, ὅτε Ἄκαστος τὰ ἆθλα ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τῷ πατρί.
Infinitival clause γενέσθαι ... λέγουσιν: λέγουσιν takes an accusative-and-infinitive report, with αὐτῷ as dative possessor/experiencer and τὴν τελευτὴν as the infinitive's accusative subject/predicate of occurrence; ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων marks the agency/cause of death. ἐπὶ τῷ πατρί is interpreted temporally, 'at/in connection with the father's [funeral games]'; πατρί is dative singular of πατήρ, with an omitted understood noun such as ἀγῶνι or θανάτῳ, so the local attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 6 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by λέγουσιν; τὴν τελευτὴν is its accusative subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P----DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Personal | 1 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative associated with the reported event, plausibly possessive/experiencer: 'his death'; exact semantic role is not fully explicit. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 5 τελευτὴν | det | high | Article modifying τελευτήν. |
| 5 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix reporting verb. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 9 ἵππων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive agent/cause. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA----GPM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 9 ἵππων | det | high | Article modifying ἵππων. |
| 9 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N--GPM-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 5 τελευτὴν | obl:agent | high | Agent/cause of the death under ὑπό. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 ἔθηκεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator introducing the clause modifying ἔθηκεν. |
| 12 | Ἄκαστος | Ἄκαστος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 15 ἔθηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔθηκεν; proper name. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA----APN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 14 ἆθλα | det | high | Article modifying ἆθλα. |
| 14 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | N--APN-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 15 ἔθηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔθηκεν: 'the prizes/games'. |
| 15 | ἔθηκεν | τίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 6 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the temporal subordinate clause. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 18 πατρί | case | medium | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA----DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 18 πατρί | det | high | Article modifying πατρί. |
| 18 | πατρί | πατήρ | NOUN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 15 ἔθηκεν | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐπί; likely elliptical temporal/occasional phrase referring to the father, with an understood noun. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἐν Νεμέᾳ δὲ τῇ Ἀργείων ἥρως μὲν ἦν οὐδεὶς ὅστις ἔβλαπτε τοὺς ἵππους·
The relative clause ὅστις ἔβλαπτε τοὺς ἵππους is restrictive/explanatory with οὐδείς; ἥρως is the predicate nominative of ἦν, while τῇ Ἀργείων modifies Νεμέᾳ (understood festival/place designation).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 Νεμέᾳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 Νεμέᾳ | det | medium | Article with an implied or contextually understood noun alongside Νεμέᾳ. |
| 5 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 Νεμέᾳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the understood designation associated with Νεμέᾳ. |
| 6 | ἥρως | ἥρως | NOUN | N--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 8 ἦν | cc | high | Correlative particle, contrasting with an elided or following μέν/δέ structure. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3SII | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | P--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν; semantically modified by the following relative clause. |
| 10 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P--NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οὐδεὶς | acl:relcl | high | Relative pronoun agreeing with οὐδείς and introducing the restrictive relative clause. |
| 11 | ἔβλαπτε | βλάπτω | VERB | V--3SIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 10 ὅστις | acl:relcl | high | |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 13 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔβλαπτε | obj | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high |
πέτρας δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἵππων τὴν καμπὴν ἀνεστηκυίας χρόαν πυρρᾶς, ἡ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς αὐγὴ κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ εἰ πῦρ ἐνεποίει φόβον τοῖς ἵπποις.
The opening genitive absolute (πέτρας ... ἀνεστηκυίας) sets the scene: a rock standing above the horses, with a reddish color; the main clause says its radiance caused the horses fear as if it were fire. The attachment of χρόαν πυρρᾶς is appositional/predicative to πέτρας, with agreement understood through the genitive absolute; κατὰ ταὐτά means ‘in the same way’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεστηκυίας | obl | medium | Genitive absolute subject with ἀνεστηκυίας; alternatively construed with χρόαν as a genitive nominal phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 αὐγὴ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἵππων | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνεστηκυίας | obl | high | Object of ὑπέρ. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 καμπὴν | det | high | |
| 7 | καμπὴν | καμπή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεστηκυίας | obj | medium | Accusative with ἀνίστημι/ἀνίσταμαι, describing the upward curvature; exact construction is elliptical. |
| 8 | ἀνεστηκυίας | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-RPAP-ASF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 15 αὐγὴ | advcl | medium | Perfect active genitive feminine singular participle; genitive absolute with πέτρας, though the form may be read as agreeing with an understood feminine noun. |
| 9 | χρόαν | χρόα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεστηκυίας | obl | low | Form is accusative singular; likely an accusative of respect/specification (‘in color’), with πυρρᾶς as its agreeing adjective. |
| 10 | πυρρᾶς | πυρρός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 χρόαν | amod | low | Genitive form conflicts with accusative χρόαν; probably text/constructional ambiguity or an elliptical genitive relation. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _________ | _ | 15 αὐγὴ | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αὐγὴ | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὐτῆς | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 14 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 αὐγὴ | obl | high | Object of ἀπό; refers to the rock. |
| 15 | αὐγὴ | αὐγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεποίει. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 17 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 21 ἐνεποίει | advmod | medium | Crasis for τὰ αὐτά; adverbial accusative in the phrase κατὰ ταὐτά. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 εἰ | cc | high | |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐνεποίει | mark | high | Introduces a comparison-like protasis (‘as if’). |
| 20 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεποίει in the εἰ-clause. |
| 21 | ἐνεποίει | ἐμποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | obj | high | |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἵπποις | det | high | |
| 24 | ἵπποις | ἵππος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐνεποίει | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/recipient with ἐνποιέω φόβον τινί. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _________ | _ | 21 ἐνεποίει | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Ταράξιππος πολὺ δή τι ὑπερηρκώς ἐστιν ἐς ἵππων φόβον.
The predicate is ὑπερηρκώς ἐστιν, with Ταράξιππος as subject; ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ locates the named Taraxippus, while εἰς ἵππων φόβον marks the sphere/result of his extraordinary effect.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 Ταράξιππος | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 6 Ταράξιππος | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | obl | high | |
| 6 | Ταράξιππος | Ταράξιππος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying ὑπερηρκώς. |
| 8 | δή | δή | PART | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | discourse | high | |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | advmod | medium | Indefinite τι used adverbially, intensifying or specifying the degree. |
| 10 | ὑπερηρκώς | ὑπεραίρω | VERB | PerfActPart | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle functioning predicatively with ἐστιν; exact lexical analysis of the compound is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 φόβον | case | high | |
| 13 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 φόβον | nmod | high | |
| 14 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | obl | high | Accusative complement with εἰς, expressing the sphere or result of the exceptional effect. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ νύσσης μιᾶς Ἱπποδαμείας ἐστὶν εἰκὼν χαλκῆ, ταινίαν τε ἔχουσα καὶ ἀναδεῖν τὸν Πέλοπα μέλλουσα ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ.
The statue of Hippodameia stands on one of the promontories; ταινίαν ἔχουσα and ἀναδεῖν ... μέλλουσα are coordinated participial predicates modifying εἰκών, with τὸν Πέλοπα as the object of ἀναδεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 νύσσης | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | νύσσης | νῦσσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | obl | high | Genitive after ἐπί, locative meaning; lexical sense 'promontory/point'. |
| 4 | μιᾶς | εἷς | NUM | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νύσσης | amod | high | |
| 5 | Ἱπποδαμείας | Ἱπποδάμεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νύσσης | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival modifier: 'of Hippodameia'. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | χαλκῆ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰκὼν | amod | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔχουσα | punct | high | |
| 10 | ταινίαν | ταινία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχουσα | obj | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἔχουσα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 εἰκὼν | advcl | high | Coordinated participial modifier of εἰκών. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 μέλλουσα | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀναδεῖν | ἀναδέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 μέλλουσα | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μέλλουσα. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Πέλοπα | det | high | |
| 16 | Πέλοπα | Πέλοψ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀναδεῖν | obj | high | |
| 17 | μέλλουσα | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 εἰκὼν | advcl | high | Coordinated participial modifier of εἰκών; governs ἀναδεῖν. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 20 νίκῃ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νίκῃ | det | high | |
| 20 | νίκῃ | νίκη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μέλλουσα | obl | high | Dative after ἐπί, expressing circumstance/occasion: 'at the victory'. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |