Grammar parses for passage 6.20.19
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ Ταράξιππος Γλαῦκος ὁ Σισύφου·
Existential construction with the subject Ταράξιππος Γλαῦκος ὁ Σισύφου and locative PP ἐν Ἰσθμῷ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as sentence root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἐν | advmod | medium | Likely additive focus with preposition. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 1 ἔστι | obl | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 5 | Ἰσθμῷ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐν | obj | high | Proper noun in dative governed by ἐν. |
| 6 | Ταράξιππος | Ταράξιππος | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 7 | Γλαῦκος | Γλαῦκος | PROPN | N-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | appos | high | Apposition/name identification of Ταράξιππος. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Σισύφου | det | high | Article modifying Σισύφου. |
| 9 | Σισύφου | Σίσυφος | PROPN | N-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Γλαῦκος | nmod | high | Genitive of relationship/identification modifying Γλαῦκος. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτῷ τὴν τελευτὴν λέγουσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων, ὅτε Ἄκαστος τὰ ἆθλα ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τῷ πατρί.
The participial/infinitival opening is slightly compressed; αὐτῷ is taken as a dative dependent of γενέσθαι, while λέγουσιν is the matrix verb governing the infinitival clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 λέγουσιν | csubj | high | Complement infinitive with λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative likely with γενέσθαι, expressing possession/interest. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τελευτὴν | det | high | Article modifying τελευτήν. |
| 5 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of γενέσθαι. |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r--- | _ | 9 ἵππων | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἵππων | det | high | Article modifying ἵππων. |
| 9 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Agent/comitative phrase with ὑπό. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 ἔθηκεν | advmod | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 12 | Ἄκαστος | Ἄκαστος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔθηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔθηκεν. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἆθλα | det | high | Article modifying ἆθλα. |
| 14 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔθηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔθηκεν. |
| 15 | ἔθηκεν | τίθημι | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal clause introduced by ὅτε. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r--- | _ | 18 πατρί | case | high | Case marker for prepositional phrase. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πατρί | det | high | Article modifying πατρί. |
| 18 | πατρί | πατήρ | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔθηκεν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐν Νεμέᾳ δὲ τῇ Ἀργείων ἥρως μὲν ἦν οὐδεὶς ὅστις ἔβλαπτε τοὺς ἵππους·
The main syntactic ambiguity is whether οὐδεὶς is the subject of ἦν or part of the relative-clause construction; here it is analyzed as the subject within the predicate structure, with ὅστις ἔβλαπτε as a modifying relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 2 Νεμέᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 2 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N--s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of location with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 8 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀργείων | det | high | Article modifying Ἀργείων. |
| 5 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A--p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 Νεμέᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive attributive phrase with article. |
| 6 | ἥρως | ἥρως | NOUN | N--s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 6 ἥρως | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/predicative root. |
| 9 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | A--s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 10 ὅστις | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject of relative verb; could also be appositive/predicative with ἥρως. |
| 10 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P--s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 11 ἔβλαπτε | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἔβλαπτε. |
| 11 | ἔβλαπτε | βλάπτω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 οὐδεὶς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying οὐδείς. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἵππους | det | high | Article modifying ἵππους. |
| 13 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N--p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔβλαπτε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔβλαπτε. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
πέτρας δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἵππων τὴν καμπὴν ἀνεστηκυίας χρόαν πυρρᾶς, ἡ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς αὐγὴ κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ εἰ πῦρ ἐνεποίει φόβον τοῖς ἵπποις.
The syntax is somewhat compressed and descriptive, with the opening genitive phrase and participial modifiers loosely attached to the main nominative subject αὐγὴ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | N--SF--A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνεστηκυίας | nsubj | medium | Likely dependent on ἀνεστηκυίας as genitive subject/possessor-like construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἡ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἵππων | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--PG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἵππων | det | high | Article modifying ἵππων. |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N--PM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πέτρας | obl | medium | Genitive object of ὑπέρ. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--SF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 καμπὴν | det | high | Article modifying καμπὴν. |
| 7 | καμπὴν | καμπή | NOUN | N--SF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 πέτρας | obj | medium | Accusative noun in the descriptive phrase; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | ἀνεστηκυίας | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-RAPFSG- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 χρόαν | amod | medium | Perfect active participle agreeing with χρόαν/πέτρας; syntactic role uncertain. |
| 9 | χρόαν | χρόα | NOUN | N--SF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αὐγὴ | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/description modifying αὐγὴ semantically. |
| 10 | πυρρᾶς | πυρρός | ADJ | A--SF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 χρόαν | amod | high | Attributive adjective with χρόαν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--SF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 αὐγὴ | det | high | Article modifying αὐγὴ. |
| 13 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὐτῆς | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-----S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 αὐγὴ | nmod | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 15 | αὐγὴ | αὐγή | NOUN | N--SF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεποίει. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | DET | Df--AP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐνεποίει | obl | medium | Fixed phrase κατὰ ταὐτά = 'likewise'; morphology treated as neuter plural accusative. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 εἰ | cc | high | Conjunction. |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐνεποίει | mark | high | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 20 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | N--NS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεποίει in the conditional clause. |
| 21 | ἐνεποίει | ἐμποιέω | VERB | V-IIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 αὐγὴ | advcl | high | Conditional clause verb dependent on main clause. |
| 22 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | N--MS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεποίει | obj | high | Direct object of ἐνεποίει. |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--PM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ἵπποις | det | high | Article modifying ἵπποις. |
| 24 | ἵπποις | ἵππος | NOUN | N--PM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐνεποίει | iobj | high | Dative recipient/experiencer. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 αὐγὴ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Ταράξιππος πολὺ δή τι ὑπερηρκώς ἐστιν ἐς ἵππων φόβον.
Syntax is straightforward overall: Ταράξιππος is the subject of ἐστιν, with ὑπερηρκώς as a participial complement and ἐς ἵππων φόβον as its oblique complement; πολὺ δή τι is an emphatic/intensifying cluster with some ambiguity in internal attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Adversative connective introducing the clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἀλλὰ | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ταράξιππος | det | high | Article modifying Ταράξιππος. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ταράξιππος | nmod | high | Locative complement of ἐν. |
| 6 | Ταράξιππος | Ταράξιππος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 7 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial/intensifying use with ὑπερηρκώς. |
| 8 | δή | δή | PART | PART | _ | 9 τι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle with τι. |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | advmod | medium | Adverbial/modifying force; exact syntax uncertain. |
| 10 | ὑπερηρκώς | ὑπερήρκομαι | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Perfect active participle dependent on ἐστιν. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 φόβον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 φόβον | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of φόβον; semantics somewhat loose. |
| 14 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερηρκώς | obl | high | Prepositional phrase complement of ὑπερηρκώς. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπὶ δὲ νύσσης μιᾶς Ἱπποδαμείας ἐστὶν εἰκὼν χαλκῆ, ταινίαν τε ἔχουσα καὶ ἀναδεῖν τὸν Πέλοπα μέλλουσα ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ.
The main syntactic difficulty is the attachment of the infinitive ἀναδεῖν and the exact interpretation of the opening locative phrase; I treat the participles as modifiers of εἰκών.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἐστὶν | case | high | Preposition governing νύσσης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νύσσης | νύσσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Likely genitive governed by ἐπί; form and syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | μιᾶς | εἷς | NUM | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 νύσσης | amod | high | Attributive numeral agreeing with νύσσης. |
| 5 | Ἱπποδαμείας | Ἱπποδάμεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of ἐστίν, with ἐπὶ δὲ νύσσης μιᾶς as locative frame. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 7 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative with ἐστίν. |
| 8 | χαλκῆ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰκὼν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying εἰκών. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰκὼν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ταινίαν | ταινία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσα. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 ταινίαν | cc | high | Enclitic connective in coordination. |
| 12 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 εἰκὼν | acl | high | Participial modifier of εἰκών. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀναδεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 14 | ἀναδεῖν | ἀναδέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἔχουσα | conj | medium | Infinitival complement coordinated with ἔχουσα; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Πέλοπα | det | high | Article modifying Πέλοπα. |
| 16 | Πέλοπα | Πέλοψ | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀναδεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἀναδεῖν. |
| 17 | μέλλουσα | μέλλω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 εἰκὼν | acl | high | Participial modifier of εἰκών. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 20 νίκῃ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ νίκῃ. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νίκῃ | det | high | Article modifying νίκῃ. |
| 20 | νίκῃ | νίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μέλλουσα | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπὶ. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |