Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.2.2

← 7.2.1 7.2.4 →

Passage 7.2.2

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3sentences parsed

75Greek tokens

2,493input tokens

5,458output tokens

Sentence 1

7.2.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 16
Input: 724
Output: 1,149
Total: 1,873

ἐκ δὲ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τρίτος δὴ οὗτος στόλος ὑπὸ βασιλεῦσιν ἀλλοίοις ὄχλοις τε ἀλλοίοις ἐστάλησαν.

The syntax is somewhat irregular: the finite passive verb appears plural with a singular subject, and the ὑπό phrase shows dative where genitive would normally be expected.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	4 Ἑλλάδος	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	15 ἐστάλησαν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Ἑλλάδος	det	high	Definite article.
4	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἐστάλησαν	obl	high	Genitive object of ἐκ.
5	τρίτος	τρίτος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 στόλος	amod	medium	Likely attributive to στόλος, though agreement is somewhat irregular in context.
6	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	7 οὗτος	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
7	οὗτος	οὗτος	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	8 στόλος	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
8	στόλος	στόλος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἐστάλησαν	nsubj:pass	high	Subject of passive verb.
9	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	10 βασιλεῦσιν	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
10	βασιλεῦσιν	βασιλεύς	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστάλησαν	obl	medium	Morphologically dative, though after ὑπό classical expectation is genitive; likely variant/irregular text.
11	ἀλλοίοις	ἀλλοῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ὄχλοις	amod	medium	Agreement with ὄχλοις is expected; gender may be masculine/neuter in spelling ambiguity.
12	ὄχλοις	ὄχλος	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστάλησαν	obl	high	Dative plural governed by ὑπό in this form.
13	τε	τε	PART	_	_	12 ὄχλοις	cc	high	Enclitic coordinating particle.
14	ἀλλοίοις	ἀλλοῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ὄχλοις	amod	medium	Adjectival modifier of ὄχλοις; gender assignment uncertain from form alone.
15	ἐστάλησαν	στέλλω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite passive verb, sentence root.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐστάλησαν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

7.2.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 761
Output: 1,326
Total: 2,087

τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαιότατα Ἰόλαος Θηβαῖος, ἀδελφιδοῦς ὁ Ἡρακλέους, Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Σαρδὼ καὶ Θεσπιεῦσιν ἡγήσατο·

The clause is elliptical around ἀρχαιότατα; I treat it as the object of ἡγήσατο, with the nominative subject and appositive name phrase set off by commas.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 ἀρχαιότατα	det	high	Article modifying ἀρχαιότατα.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	4 ἀρχαιότατα	discourse	high	Metrical/discourse particle, correlated with later contrast.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	17 ἡγήσατο	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
4	ἀρχαιότατα	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἡγήσατο	obj	medium	Neuter plural substantive, likely object of ἡγήσατο or predicate with implied noun; syntax is somewhat elliptical.
5	Ἰόλαος	Ἰόλαος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἡγήσατο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἡγήσατο.
6	Θηβαῖος	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Ἰόλαος	amod	high	Attributive epithet of Ἰόλαος.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 Ἰόλαος	punct	high	Punctuation.
8	ἀδελφιδοῦς	ἀδελφιδοῦς	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Ἰόλαος	appos	high	Appositive identifying Iolaos as Herakles' nephew.
9	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 Ἡρακλέους	det	high	Article with Ἡρακλέους.
10	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀδελφιδοῦς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of ἀδελφιδοῦς.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἀδελφιδοῦς	punct	high	Punctuation.
12	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἡγήσατο	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary with ἡγήσατο.
13	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	14 Σαρδὼ	case	high	Preposition governing Σαρδὼ.
14	Σαρδὼ	Σάρδις	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἡγήσατο	obl	high	Goal/source phrase with ἐς.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	16 Θεσπιεῦσιν	cc	high	Coordinator.
16	Θεσπιεῦσιν	Θεσπιεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 Ἀθηναίοις	conj	medium	Coordinated with Ἀθηναίοις; dative form suggests parallel recipient/beneficiary.
17	ἡγήσατο	ἡγέομαι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἡγήσατο	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

7.2.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 1,008
Output: 2,983
Total: 3,991

γενεᾷ δὲ μιᾷ πρότερον ἢ ἐξέπλευσαν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν Ἴωνες, Λακεδαιμονίους τε καὶ Μινύας τοὺς ἐκβληθέντας ὑπὸ Πελασγῶν ἐκ Λήμνου Θήρας ὁ Αὐτεσίωνος Θηβαῖος ἤγαγεν ἐς τὴν νῆσον τὴν νῦν μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θήρα τούτου, πρότερον δὲ ὀνομαζομένην Καλλίστην.

The syntax is somewhat layered: Θήρας is treated as the subject of ἤγαγεν with the phrase ὁ Αὐτεσίωνος Θηβαῖος as appositional description, and the final participial phrase ὀνομαζομένην Καλλίστην modifies νῆσον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	γενεᾷ	γενεά	NOUN	n-s---fd-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	obl	high	Temporal dative.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	g--------	_	1 γενεᾷ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	μιᾷ	εἷς	NUM	a-s---fd-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	1 γενεᾷ	amod	high	Modifies γενεᾷ.
4	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	d--------	_	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	advmod	high	Correlative temporal adverb.
5	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	c--------	_	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	mark	high	Introduces comparison/than clause.
6	ἐξέπλευσαν	ἐκπλέω	VERB	v-aia-3p-	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
7	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	s--------	_	8 Ἀθηνῶν	case	high	Preposition.
8	Ἀθηνῶν	Ἀθῆναι	PROPN	n-p---fg-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	obl	high	Source/place of departure.
9	Ἴωνες	Ἴων	PROPN	n-p---mn-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐξέπλευσαν.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 Ἴωνες	punct	high	Punctuation.
11	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	a-p---ma-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	25 ἤγαγεν	obj	medium	One of the coordinated objects of ἤγαγεν.
12	τε	τε	PART	g--------	_	11 Λακεδαιμονίους	cc	high	Enclitic coordinator.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	14 Μινύας	cc	high	Coordinates object nouns.
14	Μινύας	Μινύας	PROPN	n-p---ma-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	11 Λακεδαιμονίους	conj	high	Coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίους.
15	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	l-p---ma-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	16 ἐκβληθέντας	det	high	Article introducing participial modifier.
16	ἐκβληθέντας	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	v-apa-am-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Passive	11 Λακεδαιμονίους	amod	high	Participial modifier of the coordinated accusatives.
17	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	s--------	_	18 Πελασγῶν	case	high	Agentive preposition.
18	Πελασγῶν	Πελασγός	PROPN	n-p---mg-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	16 ἐκβληθέντας	obl	high	Agent of passive participle.
19	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	s--------	_	20 Λήμνου	case	high	Preposition.
20	Λήμνου	Λῆμνος	PROPN	n-s---fg-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	16 ἐκβληθέντας	obl	high	Source of expulsion.
21	Θήρας	Θήρας	PROPN	n-s---mn-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	25 ἤγαγεν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἤγαγεν; apposition with ὁ Αὐτεσίωνος Θηβαῖος.
22	ὁ	ὁ	DET	l-s---mn-	Case=Nominative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	23 Αὐτεσίωνος	det	high	Article in appositional name phrase.
23	Αὐτεσίωνος	Αὐτεσίων	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	21 Θήρας	nmod	medium	Patronymic in apposition-like title phrase.
24	Θηβαῖος	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	a-s---mn-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	21 Θήρας	amod	high	Describes Θήρας.
25	ἤγαγεν	ἄγω	VERB	v-aia-3s-	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	s--------	_	28 νῆσον	case	high	Preposition.
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	l-s---fa-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	28 νῆσον	det	high	Article.
28	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	n-s---fa-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	25 ἤγαγεν	obl	high	Goal of motion.
29	τὴν	ὁ	DET	l-s---fa-	Case=Accusative\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	28 νῆσον	det	high	Article introducing participial/appositional modifier.
30	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	d--------	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	advmod	high	Modifies participle.
31	μὲν	μέν	PART	g--------	_	30 νῦν	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
32	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	s--------	_	34 Θήρα	case	high	Preposition.
33	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	l-s---mg-	Case=Genitive\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	34 Θήρα	det	high	Article.
34	Θήρα	Θήρας	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	39 ὀνομαζομένην	obl	medium	Genitive after ἀπό; name form may be assimilated.
35	τούτου	οὗτος	DET	d-s---mg-	Case=Genitive\|Deixis=Proximal\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	34 Θήρα	det	high	Demonstrative modifying Θήρα.
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	punct	high	Punctuation.
37	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	d--------	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
38	δὲ	δέ	PART	g--------	_	37 πρότερον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
39	ὀνομαζομένην	ὀνομάζω	VERB	v-pmp-fa-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Present\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Middle	28 νῆσον	acl	high	Participial modifier of νῆσον.
40	Καλλίστην	Καλλίστη	PROPN	n-s---fa-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	39 ὀνομαζομένην	xcomp	medium	Predicative/appositional complement naming the island.
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἤγαγεν	punct	high	Punctuation.

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