Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.2.2

← 7.2.1 7.2.3 →

Passage 7.2.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

75Greek tokens

2,491input tokens

5,257output tokens

Sentence 1

7.2.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 16
Input: 723
Output: 1,210
Total: 1,933

ἐκ δὲ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τρίτος δὴ οὗτος στόλος ὑπὸ βασιλεῦσιν ἀλλοίοις ὄχλοις τε ἀλλοίοις ἐστάλησαν.

The sentence has an apparent agreement anomaly: στόλος is singular, while ἐστάλησαν is plural; the participial/agent phrase ὑπὸ βασιλεῦσιν ἀλλοίοις ὄχλοις τε ἀλλοίοις is morphologically difficult. I attach the verb to στόλος as the intended predication and mark the number mismatch.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	Case=Gen	4 Ἑλλάδος	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 ἐστάλησαν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T- GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 Ἑλλάδος	det	high
4	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 στόλος	obl	high	Object of ἐκ.
5	τρίτος	τρίτος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 στόλος	amod	high	Ordinal modifying στόλος.
6	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	8 στόλος	advmod	high
7	οὗτος	οὗτος	DET	D-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	8 στόλος	det	high	Demonstrative determiner/pronominal modifier.
8	στόλος	στόλος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἐστάλησαν	nsubj	high	Syntactic subject; singular conflicts with plural ἐστάλησαν.
9	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	Case=Dat	10 βασιλεῦσιν	case	medium	The construction is nonstandard/difficult; attached to the following dative phrase.
10	βασιλεῦσιν	βασιλεύς	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστάλησαν	obl	medium	Dative agent-like phrase under ὑπό; expected case is uncertain.
11	ἀλλοίοις	ἀλλοῖος	ADJ	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 βασιλεῦσιν	amod	high	Modifies βασιλεῦσιν.
12	ὄχλοις	ὄχλος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστάλησαν	obl	medium	Second dative phrase coordinated with βασιλεῦσιν; exact syntax is uncertain.
13	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ὄχλοις	cc	high
14	ἀλλοίοις	ἀλλοῖος	ADJ	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ὄχλοις	amod	high	Modifies ὄχλοις.
15	ἐστάλησαν	στέλλω	VERB	V-API-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate; plural form does not agree with singular στόλος.
16	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	15 ἐστάλησαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.2.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 760
Output: 1,325
Total: 2,085

τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαιότατα Ἰόλαος Θηβαῖος, ἀδελφιδοῦς ὁ Ἡρακλέους, Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Σαρδὼ καὶ Θεσπιεῦσιν ἡγήσατο·

Ἰόλαος is the subject of ἡγήσατο; τὰ ἀρχαιότατα is an accusative neuter substantival phrase, likely introducing the earliest deeds/events. ἀδελφιδοῦς ὁ Ἡρακλέους is an appositive description of Ἰόλαος; the destinations are coordinated dative complements with ἐς governing Σαρδώ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ἀρχαιότατα	det	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	X	_	17 ἡγήσατο	discourse	high	Correlative particle; counterpart not present in this sentence.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	SCONJ	X	_	17 ἡγήσατο	mark	high	Explanatory connective.
4	ἀρχαιότατα	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A-APN-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Super\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἡγήσατο	obj	medium	Substantival neuter plural; exact semantic scope is somewhat elliptical.
5	Ἰόλαος	Ἰόλαος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἡγήσατο	nsubj	high
6	Θηβαῖος	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Ἰόλαος	appos	high	Ethnic adjective in apposition to Ἰόλαος.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 Ἰόλαος	punct	high
8	ἀδελφιδοῦς	ἀδελφιδοῦς	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Ἰόλαος	appos	high	Appositional kinship noun.
9	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Ἡρακλέους	det	high
10	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀδελφιδοῦς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀδελφιδοῦς.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἀδελφιδοῦς	punct	high
12	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἡγήσατο	iobj	high	Dative participant/recipient with ἡγέομαι.
13	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	14 Σαρδὼ	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
14	Σαρδὼ	Σαρδώ	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἡγήσατο	obl	high	Destination governed by ἐς.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	16 Θεσπιεῦσιν	cc	high
16	Θεσπιεῦσιν	Θεσπιεύς	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 Ἀθηναίοις	conj	high	Coordinated dative group with Ἀθηναίοις.
17	ἡγήσατο	ἡγέομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἡγήσατο	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.2.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 1,008
Output: 2,722
Total: 3,730

γενεᾷ δὲ μιᾷ πρότερον ἢ ἐξέπλευσαν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν Ἴωνες, Λακεδαιμονίους τε καὶ Μινύας τοὺς ἐκβληθέντας ὑπὸ Πελασγῶν ἐκ Λήμνου Θήρας ὁ Αὐτεσίωνος Θηβαῖος ἤγαγεν ἐς τὴν νῆσον τὴν νῦν μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θήρα τούτου, πρότερον δὲ ὀνομαζομένην Καλλίστην.

The main predicate is ἤγαγεν, with Θήρας ὁ Αὐτεσίωνος Θηβαῖος as subject; the initial γενεᾷ phrase and πρότερον ἤ clause establish the temporal frame.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	γενεᾷ	γενεά	NOUN	N-fs3	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἤγαγεν	obl	high	Dative of time.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ἤγαγεν	cc	high
3	μιᾷ	εἷς	ADJ	A-fs3	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 γενεᾷ	amod	high	Agrees with γενεᾷ.
4	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	advmod	high
5	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	mark	high	Introduces temporal comparative clause.
6	ἐξέπλευσαν	ἐκπλέω	VERB	V-3paia	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	4 πρότερον	advcl	medium	Aorist indicative; temporal clause with πρότερον ἤ.
7	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	8 Ἀθηνῶν	case	high
8	Ἀθηνῶν	Ἀθῆναι	PROPN	N-fp2	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	obl	high
9	Ἴωνες	Ἴων	PROPN	N-mp1	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἐξέπλευσαν	nsubj	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25 ἤγαγεν	punct	high
11	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-mp4	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἤγαγεν	obj	high	Accusative object of ἤγαγεν.
12	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 Λακεδαιμονίους	cc	high
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 Μινύας	cc	high
14	Μινύας	Μινύας	PROPN	N-mp3	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἤγαγεν	obj	high	Coordinated accusative object.
15	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-mpa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἐκβληθέντας	det	high
16	ἐκβληθέντας	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	V-papamაც	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	14 Μινύας	acl	high	Aorist passive participle modifying Μινύας.
17	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	18 Πελασγῶν	case	high
18	Πελασγῶν	Πελασγός	PROPN	N-mp2	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἐκβληθέντας	obl:agent	high
19	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	20 Λήμνου	case	high
20	Λήμνου	Λῆμνος	PROPN	N-fs2	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἐκβληθέντας	obl	high	Source/place of expulsion.
21	Θήρας	Θήρας	PROPN	N-ms3	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἤγαγεν	nsubj	high	Genitive patronymic: son of Theras.
22	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-msn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Θηβαῖος	det	high
23	Αὐτεσίωνος	Αὐτεσίων	PROPN	N-ms3	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Θηβαῖος	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive.
24	Θηβαῖος	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	A-msn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἤγαγεν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, in apposition to the implied subject.
25	ἤγαγεν	ἄγω	VERB	V-3saa	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	28 νῆσον	case	high
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-fsa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 νῆσον	det	high
28	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	N-fsa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἤγαγεν	obl	high	Goal complement of ἐς.
29	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-fsa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 ὀνομαζομένην	det	high
30	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	ADV	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	advmod	high
31	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ.
32	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	34 Θήρα	case	high
33	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-msg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 Θήρα	det	high
34	Θήρα	Θήρας	PROPN	N-ms2	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	39 ὀνομαζομένην	obl	high
35	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	D-ms-g	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 Θήρα	det	high	Demonstrative agreeing with Θήρα.
36	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25 ἤγαγεν	punct	high
37	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Cmp	39 ὀνομαζομένην	advmod	high
38	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	39 ὀνομαζομένην	cc	high
39	ὀνομαζομένην	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-pppafsa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	28 νῆσον	acl	high	Modifies νῆσον.
40	Καλλίστην	Καλλίστη	PROPN	N-fsa	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 ὀνομαζομένην	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with passive naming participle.
41	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25 ἤγαγεν	punct	high

← 7.2.1 7.2.3 →