Grammar parses for passage 7.8.1
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ἥκων ὁ Φλαμίνιος Ἐρέτριάν τε διήρπασε, τοὺς φρουροῦντας Μακεδόνων μάχῃ νικήσας.
ἥκων and νικήσας are circumstantial participles; νικήσας takes μάχῃ as an instrumental/dative complement and τοὺς φρουροῦντας Μακεδόνων as its object, with Μακεδόνων a dependent genitive of the guards.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-A | PronType=Dem | 8 διήρπασε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 διήρπασε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἥκων | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Φλαμίνιος | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Φλαμίνιος. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Φλαμίνιος | det | high | |
| 5 | Φλαμίνιος | Φλαμίνιος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διήρπασε | nsubj | high | Latin personal name. |
| 6 | Ἐρέτριάν | Ἐρέτρια | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διήρπασε | obj | high | Place name, object of διήρπασε. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἐρέτριάν | cc | high | Coordinates Ἐρέτριάν with the following coordinated object phrase. |
| 8 | διήρπασε | διαρπάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | Y | _ | 8 διήρπασε | punct | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 φρουροῦντας | det | high | |
| 11 | φρουροῦντας | φρουρέω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 νικήσας | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of νικήσας. |
| 12 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 φρουροῦντας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φρουροῦντας, ‘the Macedonian guards’. |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νικήσας | obl | medium | Dative of means or manner with νικήσας. |
| 14 | νικήσας | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 διήρπασε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated semantically with ἥκων; subject Φλαμίνιος. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | Y | _ | 8 διήρπασε | punct | high |
καὶ αὖθις ἐλάσας ἐπὶ Κόρινθον κατεχομένην ὑπὸ Φιλίππου φρουρᾷ αὐτός τε προσεκάθητο πολιορκῶν καὶ παρὰ Ἀχαιοὺς ἅμα ἀποστέλλων ἐπήγγελλέ σφισιν ἀφικνεῖσθαι πρὸς Κόρινθον στρατιᾷ.
The syntax combines an initial aorist participle with the main verb προσεκάθητο and two present participles; ἐπήγγελλε is a finite verb embedded in the latter participial sequence, with attachment to ἀποστέλλων somewhat interpretively uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 προσεκάθητο | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ἐλάσας | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐλάσας | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 προσεκάθητο | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, subject understood as the main subject. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κόρινθον | case | high | |
| 5 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐλάσας | obl | high | |
| 6 | κατεχομένην | κατέχω | VERB | V-PPP-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Passive | 5 Κόρινθον | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with Κόρινθον. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Φιλίππου | case | high | |
| 8 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κατεχομένην | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | φρουρᾷ | φρουρά | NOUN | N-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κατεχομένην | obl | medium | Dative of means or accompaniment: held by a garrison. |
| 10 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Intensive | 12 προσεκάθητο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 προσεκάθητο | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 12 | προσεκάθητο | προσκαθέζομαι | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | πολιορκῶν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 12 προσεκάθητο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated in sense with ἀποστέλλων. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἀποστέλλων | cc | high | |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀποστέλλων | obl | high | Motion/source complement with παρά. |
| 17 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἀποστέλλων | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἀποστέλλων | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 12 προσεκάθητο | advcl | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle. |
| 19 | ἐπήγγελλέ | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 18 ἀποστέλλων | parataxis | medium | Imperfect finite verb coordinated with the participial action; dependency attachment is structurally ambiguous. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP-3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐπήγγελλέ | iobj | high | |
| 21 | ἀφικνεῖσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 19 ἐπήγγελλέ | ccomp | high | Infinitival content of ἐπήγγελλε. |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 Κόρινθον | case | high | |
| 23 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | obl | high | |
| 24 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment or means: with an army. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσεκάθητο | punct | high |
συμμάχους τε ἀξιωθησομένους καλεῖσθαι Ῥωμαίων καὶ ἅμα εὐνοίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν.
The sentence is a fragmentary infinitival construction: καλεῖσθαι is taken as the root, with συμμάχους as its accusative subject and ἀξιωθησομένους as a future passive participle linked to that accusative group; the dative εὐνοίᾳ phrase is syntactically somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συμμάχους | σύμμαχος | NOUN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀξιωθησομένους | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συμμάχους | cc | high | Correlative/enclitic coordination. |
| 3 | ἀξιωθησομένους | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-FMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Future|Voice=Pass | 4 καλεῖσθαι | acl | medium | Future passive participle; syntax likely within an infinitival construction. |
| 4 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V-PNP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitive likely governed by omitted or contextually supplied verb. |
| 5 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 καλεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Genitive associated with καλεῖσθαι, plausibly indicating the naming authority or relation. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 εὐνοίᾳ | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 εὐνοίᾳ | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of εὐνοίᾳ. |
| 8 | εὐνοίᾳ | εὔνοια | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Dative accompaniment or circumstance, coordinated with the naming proposition. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εὐνοίᾳ | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἑλληνικόν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-ASN | substantivized=Yes|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εὐνοίᾳ | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek world/interest’; object of ἐς. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖσθαι | punct | high |