Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.8.2

← 7.8.1 7.8.3 →

Passage 7.8.2

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3sentences parsed

76Greek tokens

2,487input tokens

5,470output tokens

Sentence 1

7.8.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 37
Input: 954
Output: 2,517
Total: 3,471

Ἀχαιοὶ δὲ ἐποιοῦντο μὲν μεγάλως καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν αἰτίᾳ Φλαμίνιον καὶ ἔτι πρότερον Ὀτίλιον, οἳ μετεχειρίσαντο ὠμῶς οὕτω πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας καὶ ἀρχαίας, ἀναμαρτήτους τε οὔσας πρὸς Ῥωμαίους καὶ οὐ κατὰ γνώμην ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων ἀρχομένας·

The relative clause (16–36) explains the Achaeans’ condemnation of Flamininus and Otillius; μετεχειρίσαντο governs πόλεις, with οὔσας and ἀρχομένας agreeing with πόλεις. The coordination of αὐτόν ... Φλαμίνιον ... Ὀτίλιον is syntactically somewhat compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀχαιοὶ	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N--MPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐποιοῦντο	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 ἐποιοῦντο	cc	high
3	ἐποιοῦντο	ποιέω	VERB	V3IPI-P--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Middle voice: ‘regarded/held’.
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	X--------	_	3 ἐποιοῦντο	discourse	high
5	μεγάλως	μεγάλως	ADV	D--------	_	3 ἐποιοῦντο	advmod	high
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 αὐτὸν	cc	high
7	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P3ASM----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	9 αἰτίᾳ	obl	medium	Accusative within the construction ποιεῖσθαι ἐν αἰτίᾳ, coordinated with the named accusatives.
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	9 αἰτίᾳ	case	high
9	αἰτίᾳ	αἰτία	NOUN	N--FSI	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἐποιοῦντο	obl	high
10	Φλαμίνιον	Φλαμίνιος	PROPN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 αἰτίᾳ	obl	medium	Accusative coordinated/compressed with αὐτόν and Ὀτίλιον.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 Ὀτίλιον	cc	high
12	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	13 πρότερον	advmod	high
13	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	D--------	_	14 Ὀτίλιον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the second named object; temporal/ordinal force.
14	Ὀτίλιον	Ὀτίλιος	PROPN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 αἰτίᾳ	conj	medium	Coordinated accusative personal object/name.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 οἳ	punct	high
16	οἳ	ὅς	PRON	P--MPN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	17 μετεχειρίσαντο	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun refers to Φλαμίνιος and Ὀτίλιος.
17	μετεχειρίσαντο	μεταχειρίζομαι	VERB	V3AMI-P--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	3 ἐποιοῦντο	advcl	high
18	ὠμῶς	ὠμῶς	ADV	D--------	_	17 μετεχειρίσαντο	advmod	high
19	οὕτω	οὕτω	ADV	D--------	_	18 ὠμῶς	advmod	medium	Correlative adverb, emphasizing the manner.
20	πόλεις	πόλις	NOUN	N--FP-A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 μετεχειρίσαντο	obj	high
21	Ἑλληνίδας	Ἑλληνίς	ADJ	A--FP-A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 πόλεις	amod	high
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	23 ἀρχαίας	cc	high
23	ἀρχαίας	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A--FP-A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 πόλεις	conj	high
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἀναμαρτήτους	punct	high
25	ἀναμαρτήτους	ἀναμάρτητος	ADJ	A--FP-A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 πόλεις	conj	high	Predicative/coordinate adjective describing πόλεις.
26	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 ἀναμαρτήτους	cc	high
27	οὔσας	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-FPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	25 ἀναμαρτήτους	acl	high	Participial predicate modifying πόλεις.
28	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	29 Ῥωμαίους	case	high
29	Ῥωμαίους	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	N--MPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 οὔσας	obl	high	With ἀναμάρτητοι/οὖσαι: not at fault toward the Romans.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	31 οὐ	cc	high
31	οὐ	οὐ	PART	T--------	_	36 ἀρχομένας	advmod	high
32	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	33 γνώμην	case	high
33	γνώμην	γνώμη	NOUN	N--FSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 ἀρχομένας	obl	high	‘According to their will/judgment’.
34	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	35 Μακεδόνων	case	high
35	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	PROPN	N--MPG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	36 ἀρχομένας	obl:agent	high
36	ἀρχομένας	ἄρχω	VERB	V-PMP-FPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	27 οὔσας	conj	high	Passive/middle participle modifying πόλεις: ‘being ruled by the Macedonians’.
37	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐποιοῦντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.8.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 749
Output: 1,395
Total: 2,144

προεωρῶντο δὲ καὶ ὡς ἀντὶ Φιλίππου καὶ Μακεδόνων Ῥωμαῖοι σφίσι τε ἥκοιεν καὶ τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ δεσπόται προστάττειν.

The sentence has προεωρῶντο with an embedded ὡς-clause: the Romans were anticipated as having come instead of Philip and the Macedonians, and as ordering the Greeks as masters. The syntax around σφίσι τε ... καὶ τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ is somewhat compressed; σφίσι is a dative of interest/reference, while τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ is substantivized and governed by δεσπόται.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	προεωρῶντο	προοράω	VERB	V-3IIM/P-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 προεωρῶντο	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ὡς	cc	high
4	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	1 προεωρῶντο	mark	medium	Introduces the content/predicative clause after προεωρῶντο.
5	ἀντὶ	ἀντί	ADP	PREP	_	6 Φιλίππου	case	high
6	Φιλίππου	Φίλιππος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Ῥωμαῖοι	nmod	high
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 Μακεδόνων	cc	high
8	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Φιλίππου	conj	high	Coordinated with Φιλίππου under ἀντί.
9	Ῥωμαῖοι	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἥκοιεν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἥκοιεν.
10	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3DPM	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	12 ἥκοιεν	iobj	medium	Dative of interest/reference; antecedent is the Greeks implicit in τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἥκοιεν	cc	medium	Pairs with καί at token 13.
12	ἥκοιεν	ἥκω	VERB	V-PAO-3P	Mood=Optative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	4 ὡς	conj	high	Optative in the reported/content clause.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 προστάττειν	cc	medium	Coordinates the second infinitival/predicative constituent with ἥκοιεν.
14	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 Ἑλληνικῷ	det	high
15	Ἑλληνικῷ	Ἑλληνικός	ADJ	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 δεσπόται	nmod	medium	Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek people/realm’; exact syntactic attachment is compressed.
16	δεσπόται	δεσπότης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 προστάττειν	nsubj	medium	Predicate subject of προστάττειν in the compressed construction.
17	προστάττειν	προστάσσω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	12 ἥκοιεν	xcomp	medium	Infinitive coordinated semantically with ἥκοιεν; δεσπόται is its nominative subject/predicate nominal.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 προεωρῶντο	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.8.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 21
Input: 784
Output: 1,558
Total: 2,342

ῥηθέντων δὲ ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ πολλῶν καὶ ἐναντίων ἀλλήλοις, τέλος οἱ εὖνοι Ῥωμαίοις ἐνίκησαν καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ Φλαμινίῳ Κόρινθον συνεπολιόρκησαν.

The opening is a genitive absolute; the second clause coordinates with ἐνίκησαν, with Ἀχαιοὶ as subject of συνεπολιόρκησαν and Φλαμινίῳ as a dative associated with the joint siege.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ῥηθέντων	λέγω	VERB	AorPartAct?	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	15 ἐνίκησαν	advcl	high	Genitive absolute with δέ; passive aorist participle.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	1 ῥηθέντων	cc	high
3	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	5 συνεδρίῳ	case	high
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 συνεδρίῳ	det	high
5	συνεδρίῳ	συνέδριον	NOUN	N-dsn	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ῥηθέντων	obl	high
6	πολλῶν	πολύς	ADJ	A-gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ῥηθέντων	nsubj	medium	Substantivized neuter genitive plural, subject of ῥηθέντων.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	8 ἐναντίων	cc	high
8	ἐναντίων	ἐναντίος	ADJ	A-gpn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 πολλῶν	conj	high	Coordinated substantivized adjective.
9	ἀλλήλοις	ἀλλήλων	PRON	P-dpm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rcp	8 ἐναντίων	obl	high	Dative with ἐναντίων, ‘contrary to each other’.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐνίκησαν	punct	high
11	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	N-asn	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἐνίκησαν	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘finally’.
12	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-npm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 εὖνοι	det	high
13	εὖνοι	εὔνους	ADJ	A-npm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐνίκησαν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the well-disposed’.
14	Ῥωμαίοις	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	N-dpm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 εὖνοι	obl	high	Dative of reference/loyalty with εὖνοι.
15	ἐνίκησαν	νικάω	VERB	V-3PAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	20 συνεπολιόρκησαν	cc	high
17	Ἀχαιοὶ	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-npm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 συνεπολιόρκησαν	nsubj	high
18	Φλαμινίῳ	Φλαμίνιος	PROPN	N-dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 συνεπολιόρκησαν	obl	high	Dative of accompaniment/alliance or reference.
19	Κόρινθον	Κόρινθος	PROPN	N-asf	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 συνεπολιόρκησαν	obj	high
20	συνεπολιόρκησαν	συμπολιορκέω	VERB	V-3PAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	15 ἐνίκησαν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb; subject Ἀχαιοὶ.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐνίκησαν	punct	high

← 7.8.1 7.8.3 →