Grammar parses for passage 8.14.1
Open translation for this passage
Φενεατῶν δὲ τὸ πεδίον κεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ ταῖς Καρυαῖς,
The nominative πεδίον is the subject of κεῖται; ὑπό takes the dative Καρυαῖς in this locative construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φενεατῶν | Φενεάτης | NOUN | N-GEN-PL-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πεδίον | nmod | high | Genitive plural specifying the plain: 'of the Pheneatians'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 κεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πεδίον | det | high | Article agreeing with πεδίον. |
| 4 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of κεῖται. |
| 5 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PNI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent/intransitive verb meaning 'lies'. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 5 κεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating a later δέ. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Καρυαῖς | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here, with local sense 'below/at'. |
| 8 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Καρυαῖς | det | high | Article agreeing with Καρυαῖς. |
| 9 | Καρυαῖς | Καρυαί | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 κεῖται | obl | high | Dative plural place-name governed by ὑπό. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κεῖται | punct | high | Comma. |
πλεονάσαντος δέ ποτε αὐτῷ τοῦ ὕδατος κατακλυσθῆναί φασι τὴν ἀρχαίαν Φενεόν, ὥστε καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν σημεῖα ἐλείπετο ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐς ἃ ἐπαναβῆναι τὸ ὕδωρ λέγουσι.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (πλεονάσαντος ... τοῦ ὕδατος), an accusative-and-infinitive after φασι, and a consecutive clause with a parenthetical λέγουσι governing its own accusative-and-infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλεονάσαντος | πλεονάζω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ὕδατος | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with αὐτῷ and τοῦ ὕδατος; formally masculine/neuter genitive singular. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 φασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 πλεονάσαντος | advmod | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-D DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 πλεονάσαντος | obl | medium | Dative in the genitive absolute, likely possessive/locative in sense. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὕδατος | det | high | |
| 6 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 κατακλυσθῆναί | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject of πλεονάσαντος. |
| 7 | κατακλυσθῆναί | κατακλύζω | VERB | V-APP-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 8 φασι | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασι. |
| 8 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχαίαν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχαίαν | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Φενεόν | amod | high | |
| 11 | Φενεόν | Φενεός | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κατακλυσθῆναί | obj | medium | Place-name, accusative as subject/patient of passive κατακλυσθῆναι; gender is lexically variable in usage. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐλείπετο | mark | high | Introduces consecutive clause. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 σημεῖα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, 'even/also'. |
| 15 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ἡμῶν | case | high | Elided ἐπί. |
| 16 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 17 σημεῖα | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, temporal 'in our time'. |
| 17 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐλείπετο | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ἐλείπετο | λείπω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 8 φασι | conj | high | Impersonal/collective singular agreement with neuter plural σημεῖα. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ὀρῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 σημεῖα | obl | high | ἐπί with genitive: on the mountains. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 ἃ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 23 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | R-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 24 ἐπαναβῆναι | obl | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐπαναβῆναι with εἰς. |
| 24 | ἐπαναβῆναι | ἐπαναβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAN-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσι. |
| 25 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 26 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπαναβῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 27 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐλείπετο | parataxis | high | Parenthetical/reporting verb with infinitival complement. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασι | punct | high |
Καρυῶν δὲ στάδια πέντε ἀφέστηκεν ἥ τε Ὄρυξις καλουμένη καὶ ἕτερον ὄρος Σκίαθις·
The subject is coordinated: ἥ τε Ὄρυξις καλουμένη and ἕτερον ὄρος Σκίαθις; ἀφέστηκεν is perfect active 3sg with a coordinated/collective subject. στάδια πέντε is an accusative measure phrase, here functioning as the distance complement. The exact syntactic attachment of Καρυῶν is somewhat elliptical but is best treated as a genitive of separation/reference with ἀφέστηκεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καρυῶν | Κάρυαι | PROPN | N-3G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | obl | medium | Place-name in the genitive, likely reference/separation complement of ἀφέστηκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-!A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | obl | high | Accusative measure/distance phrase. |
| 4 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-----A-- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 3 στάδια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying στάδια. |
| 5 | ἀφέστηκεν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-RIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | P-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ὄρυξις | det | high | Article agreeing with Ὄρυξις; paired with τε. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 Ὄρυξις | cc | high | First member of the τε ... καὶ coordination. |
| 8 | Ὄρυξις | Ὄρυξις | PROPN | N-----FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-FNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 8 Ὄρυξις | acl | high | Participial epithet, ‘called/named’; modifies Ὄρυξις. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ὄρος | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal subject with the first. |
| 11 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὄρος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ὄρος. |
| 12 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | conj | high | Second coordinated subject; neuter singular form with the proper name Σκίαθις. |
| 13 | Σκίαθις | Σκίαθις | PROPN | N-----FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὄρος | appos | medium | Proper name in apposition to ὄρος; apparent gender mismatch is lexical/toponymic. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀφέστηκεν | punct | high |
ὑφʼ ἑκατέρῳ δέ ἐστι τῷ ὄρει βάραθρον τὸ ὕδωρ καταδεχόμενον τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου.
The locative phrase ὑφʼ ἑκατέρῳ τῷ ὄρει means “under each of the two mountains”; βάραθρον is the existential subject, with τὸ ὕδωρ καταδεχόμενον agreeing with it and τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου marking the water received from the plain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 2 ἑκατέρῳ | case | high | Elided form of ὑπό before a consonant; governs the dative. |
| 2 | ἑκατέρῳ | ἑκάτερος | DET | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | det | high | Dative singular modifying ὄρει. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential copular verb. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | det | high | Article modifying ὄρει. |
| 6 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 βάραθρον | obl | high | Dative complement of ὑπό, with ἑκατέρῳ τῷ as its modifiers. |
| 7 | βάραθρον | βάραθρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Existential subject of ἐστι. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 9 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καταδεχόμενον | obj | medium | Accusative-like semantic object of καταδεχόμενον, though the form is formally nominative neuter singular; likely coordinated/attracted with the relative participial construction. |
| 10 | καταδεχόμενον | καταδέχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 βάραθρον | acl | high | Present middle participle agreeing with βάραθρον; takes ὕδωρ as the received substance. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πεδίου | det | high | Article modifying πεδίου. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | Case=Gen | 14 πεδίου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πεδίου | det | high | Genitive article; the token sequence suggests a syntactic article–noun phrase with πεδίου. |
| 14 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ, modifying the source of the water. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |