Grammar parses for passage 8.14.3
Open translation for this passage
διὰ μέσου δὲ ὤρυξεν Ἡρακλῆς τοῦ Φενεατῶν πεδίου ἔλυτρον, ῥεῦμα εἶναι τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ Ὀλβίῳ, ὅν τινα Ἀροάνιον Ἀρκάδων καλοῦσιν ἕτεροι καὶ οὐκ Ὄλβιον·
The infinitival phrase ῥεῦμα εἶναι is a predicative/result complement of ἔλυτρον; ὅν τινα refers to the river and is the object of καλοῦσιν, with Ἀροάνιον as its predicate accusative. The exact syntactic attachment of διὰ μέσου and ἔλυτρον is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 μέσου | case | high | |
| 2 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὤρυξεν | obl | high | Substantivized genitive with διά. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 ὤρυξεν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὤρυξεν | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὤρυξεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Φενεατῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Φενεατῶν | Φενεάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πεδίου | nmod | high | Ethnic name used attributively. |
| 8 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔλυτρον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἔλυτρον. |
| 9 | ἔλυτρον | ἔλυτρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὤρυξεν | obj | medium | Accusative object; also semantically frames the following predicative infinitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ἔλυτρον | punct | high | |
| 11 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἶναι in the infinitival clause. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PXN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἔλυτρον | xcomp | medium | Predicative infinitive associated with ἔλυτρον. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 14 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ῥεῦμα | nmod | medium | Dative dependent on ῥεῦμα, likely identifying the river to which it belongs. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ὀλβίῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | Ὀλβίῳ | Ὄλβιος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ποταμῷ | appos | high | Appositional name of ποταμῷ. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὅν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ποταμῷ/Ὀλβίῳ. |
| 19 | τινα | τις | PRON | X-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ὅν | det | medium | Enclitic indefinite/strengthening element with ὅν. |
| 20 | Ἀροάνιον | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with καλοῦσιν. |
| 21 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Ἀροάνιον | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic specification. |
| 22 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ὤρυξεν | parataxis | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 23 | ἕτεροι | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'others'. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 26 Ὄλβιον | cc | high | |
| 25 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D随 | Polarity=Neg | 26 Ὄλβιον | advmod | high | |
| 26 | Ὄλβιον | Ὄλβιος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Second predicate accusative, coordinated with Ἀροάνιον. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 ὤρυξεν | punct | high |
μῆκος μὲν τοῦ ὀρύγματος στάδιοι πεντήκοντά εἰσι, βάθος δέ, ὅσον μὴ πεπτωκός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐς τριάκοντα καθήκει πόδας.
Two coordinated nominal clauses measure the excavation; πεπτωκός is a substantivized perfect participle, with ὅσον as its neuter relative subject/measure and αὐτοῦ as a partitive genitive. The final ἐς τριάκοντα πόδας phrase is governed by καθήκει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g--------- | _ | 1 μῆκος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὀρύγματος | det | high | |
| 4 | ὀρύγματος | ὄρυγμα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μῆκος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μῆκος. |
| 5 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσι | nsubj | medium | Predicate/measure nominative with εἰσι. |
| 6 | πεντήκοντά | πεντήκοντα | NUM | m-------- | Number=Plur | 5 στάδιοι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying στάδιοι. |
| 7 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | βάθος | βάθος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the second copular clause. |
| 10 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | g--------- | _ | 9 βάθος | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μὲν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 βάθος | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | pr-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πεπτωκός | nsubj | medium | Neuter relative form, substantivized as the extent/depth that remains. |
| 13 | μὴ | μή | PART | g--------- | _ | 14 πεπτωκός | advmod | high | Negative particle with πεπτωκός. |
| 14 | πεπτωκός | πίπτω | VERB | v-srpan--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐστιν | csubj | medium | Substantivized perfect participle: ‘what has not fallen’; relative ὅσον functions as its subject. |
| 15 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 καθήκει | conj | medium | Copula for βάθος; coordinated with the first clause. |
| 16 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 πεπτωκός | nmod | medium | Partitive/possessive genitive, referring to the excavation. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 21 καθήκει | cc | high | Coordinates the final predicate with the preceding clause. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r--------- | _ | 20 τριάκοντα | case | high | |
| 20 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | m-------- | Number=Plur | 22 πόδας | nummod | high | Numeral modifying πόδας. |
| 21 | καθήκει | κατήκω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | conj | medium | Final coordinated predicate; construed with accusative extent πόδας. |
| 22 | πόδας | πούς | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 καθήκει | obl | high | Accusative of extent after καθήκει, with ἐς τριάκοντα. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 καθήκει | punct | high |
οὐ μὴν ταύτῃ γε ἔτι κάτεισιν ὁ ποταμός, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ ῥεῦμα ἀπεχώρησεν αὖθις τὸ ἀρχαῖον, καταλιπὼν ἔλυτρον τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἔργον.
The clause has a fronted negative contrast: οὐ μὴν ... ἀλλὰ ... . ταύτῃ is an instrumental/locative dative modifying κάτεισιν; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is substantivized and coordinated semantically with ῥεῦμα, while καταλιπών introduces a supplementary participial clause. ἔλυτρον ... τὸ ἔργον is an appositional/complement construction, with τοῦ Ἡρακλέους dependent on ἔργον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 6 κάτεισιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὴν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 6 κάτεισιν | discourse | high | Adversative particle in οὐ μὴν. |
| 3 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κάτεισιν | obl | medium | Dative of route/place or manner. |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | Df-------- | _ | 3 ταύτῃ | advmod | high | Restrictive/emphatic particle. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 κάτεισιν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L------NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ποταμός | det | high | |
| 8 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κάτεισιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἀπεχώρησεν | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasting clause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ῥεῦμα | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L------ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ῥεῦμα | det | high | |
| 13 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | |
| 14 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 κάτεισιν | conj | high | Contrasted finite verb. |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἀπεχώρησεν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L------ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ‘the ancient [channel/course]’. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 καταλιπὼν | punct | high | |
| 19 | καταλιπὼν | καταλείπω | VERB | V--AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἀπεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Supplementary/circumstantial participle agreeing with the understood subject. |
| 20 | ἔλυτρον | ἔλυτρον | NOUN | N-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καταλιπὼν | obj | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L------GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἔργον | nmod | high | |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L------ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 24 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔλυτρον | appos | medium | Appositional identification of ἔλυτρον; construction may also be read as a predicative/object complement. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κάτεισιν | punct | high |