Grammar parses for passage 8.14.4
Open translation for this passage
τῶν βαράθρων δὲ τῶν ἐν τοῖς εἰρημένοις πεποιημένων ὄρεσιν ἀπωτέρω πεντήκοντά που σταδίοις ἐστὶν ἡ πόλις·
The genitive absolute τῶν βαράθρων ... πεποιημένων ὄρεσιν is concessive/temporal in force; ἀπωτέρω modifies the locative relation, and πεντήκοντά που σταδίοις expresses approximate distance. The participle εἰρημένοις is substantivally/attributively ‘mentioned’ within τοῖς ... ὄρεσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 βαράθρων | det | high | |
| 2 | βαράθρων | βάραθρον | NOUN | N-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πεποιημένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πεποιημένων | det | high | Article with πεποιημένων. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 τοῖς | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 εἰρημένοις | det | high | |
| 7 | εἰρημένοις | λέγω | VERB | VPRPDPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 9 ὄρεσιν | amod | high | Perfect passive participle, ‘mentioned’; modifies ὄρεσιν. |
| 8 | πεποιημένων | ποιέω | VERB | VPRPGPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 14 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Genitive-absolute participle; the understood subject is βαράθρων. |
| 9 | ὄρεσιν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πεποιημένων | obl | medium | Dative with πεποιημένων, likely ‘made in/among the mountains’; also bears the ἐν phrase. |
| 10 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 14 ἐστὶν | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb, ‘farther away’; exact implicit comparison is contextual. |
| 11 | πεντήκοντά | πεντήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 13 σταδίοις | nummod | high | |
| 12 | που | που | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 πεντήκοντά | advmod | high | Indefinite/approximative particle, ‘about’. |
| 13 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N-----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Dative of measure/distance. |
| 14 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | VSPAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πόλις | det | high | |
| 16 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
οἰκιστὴν δὲ οἱ Φενεᾶται λέγουσιν ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα εἶναι Φενεόν.
Accusative οἰκιστήν is the object/predicative accusative of λέγουσιν in an indirect statement with subject ἄνδρα and infinitive εἶναι; Φενεόν is the infinitive's predicate accusative, referring to the founder/personified city name. The parsing of οἱ as the nominative plural article functioning substantivally is high confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of λέγουσιν and raised/predicative accusative in the infinitival construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Φενεᾶται | det | high | Substantival article, forming the subject phrase οἱ Φενεᾶται. |
| 4 | Φενεᾶται | Φενεάτης | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name, subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 5 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix verb introducing indirect statement. |
| 6 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 7 | αὐτόχθονα | αὐτόχθων | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive of indirect statement governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 9 | Φενεόν | Φενεός | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with εἶναι; masculine form agrees with an implied/personified referent rather than the feminine city-name sense. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔστι δέ σφισιν ἀκρόπολις ἀπότομος πανταχόθεν, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἔχουσα οὕτως, ὀλίγα δὲ αὐτῆς καὶ ὠχυρώσαντο ὑπὲρ ἀσφαλείας.
The sentence has a possessive dative with ἀκρόπολις as subject; ἔχουσα is a nominative participle modifying it, while ὠχυρώσαντο is a coordinated finite predicate with substantivized neuter plurals as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἀκρόπολις | cop | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀκρόπολις | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 ἀκρόπολις | iobj | high | Dative of possession. |
| 4 | ἀκρόπολις | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἀπότομος | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀκρόπολις | amod | high | |
| 6 | πανταχόθεν | πανταχόθεν | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἀπότομος | advmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 4 ἀκρόπολις | punct | high | |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 10 πολλὰ | discourse | high | |
| 10 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Substantivized; object of ἔχουσα. |
| 11 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀκρόπολις | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀκρόπολις. |
| 12 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἔχουσα | advmod | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 11 ἔχουσα | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὀλίγα | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ὠχυρώσαντο | obj | medium | Substantivized; object of ὠχυρώσαντο, with αὐτῆς partitive. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὠχυρώσαντο | cc | high | |
| 16 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 ὀλίγα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὠχυρώσαντο | cc | medium | Coordinates the second predicate with the preceding participial clause. |
| 18 | ὠχυρώσαντο | ὀχυρόω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 ἀκρόπολις | conj | high | Subject understood from σφισιν; middle voice. |
| 19 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ἀσφαλείας | case | high | |
| 20 | ἀσφαλείας | ἀσφάλεια | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὠχυρώσαντο | obl | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 4 ἀκρόπολις | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς ἐπίκλησιν Τριτωνίας, ἐρείπια δὲ ἐλείπετο αὐτοῦ μόνα·
The first clause is an existential construction with ναός as subject and ἐν τῇ ἀκροπόλει as locative; Ἀθηνᾶς is a genitive dependent on ναός, while ἐπίκλησιν Τριτωνίας is an appositional accusative naming the cult epithet. The second clause has ἐρείπια as subject, μόνα as its agreeing predicate adjective, and αὐτοῦ as a partitive/possessive genitive; the form ἐλείπετο is morphologically singular middle/passive despite the plural neuter subject, so its agreement is anomalous or textually uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D—— | PronType=Dem | 6 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 4 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S----DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀκροπόλει | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | S----DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 5 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | S----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ναός | nmod | high | Genitive of dedication/association. |
| 8 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ναός | appos | medium | Accusative of naming or respect; construed with the temple subject. |
| 9 | Τριτωνίας | Τριτωνία | PROPN | S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπίκλησιν | appos | medium | Agrees with ἐπίκλησιν; epithet/name. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐλείπετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject; syntactic agreement with ἐλείπετο is irregular. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 13 ἐλείπετο | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐλείπετο | λείπω | VERB | V3S-IIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐστιν | conj | low | Form is 3rd singular imperfect middle; expected plural neuter agreement is anomalous, so lemma/analysis follows the supplied form. |
| 14 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Genitive likely refers to the temple/building; form is masculine singular. |
| 15 | μόνα | μόνος | ADJ | A----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐρείπια | amod | high | Agrees with neuter plural ἐρείπια. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |