Grammar parses for passage 8.28.7
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθά ἐστι·
The clause means ‘These things are here’; ταῦτα is a neuter plural subject with the singular copular form ἐστι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural demonstrative functioning as the subject of ἐστι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired or contrastively related with an implicit following δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTCL | _ | 5 ἐστι | discourse | high | Emphatic/confirmatory particle. |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 ἐστι | advmod | high | Locative adverb meaning ‘here’. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/presentative verb; subject is neuter plural ταῦτα, with singular verb agreement. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐκ Γόρτυνος ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν πεποίηται μνῆμα τοῖς ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κλεομένην μάχῃ.
The impersonal perfect πεποίηται governs μνῆμα as its subject and τοῖς ἀποθανοῦσιν as the dative group commemorated; the two τὴν... phrases identify the road, and ἐν τῇ... μάχῃ modifies the deceased. The dative plural participle is formally ambiguous in voice but is best read as aorist middle/passive ‘those who died’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πεποίηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 4 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηται | obl | high | Accusative with κατά, marking location/route. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article of the attributive/identifying relative-like phrase. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 7 Γόρτυνος | case | high | |
| 7 | Γόρτυνος | Γόρτυς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Origin point of the road. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 10 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 9 | Μεγάλην | Μέγαλη | PROPN | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλιν | compound | medium | First element of the place name Μεγάλη πόλις. |
| 10 | πόλιν | πόλις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Destination phrase ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν. |
| 11 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive, impersonal or with μνῆμα as nominative subject. |
| 12 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of πεποίηται. |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἀποθανοῦσιν | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀποθανοῦσιν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AMS-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 μνῆμα | iobj | medium | Substantivized participle, ‘the men who died’; form may be analyzed as aorist middle or passive in this context. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 19 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 17 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 18 Κλεομένην | case | high | |
| 18 | Κλεομένην | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 μάχῃ | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς in the phrase ‘battle against Cleomenes’. |
| 19 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποθανοῦσιν | obl | high | Ἐν τῇ... μάχῃ modifies ἀποθανοῦσιν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεποίηται | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ μνῆμα τοῦτο ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται Παραιβασίον, ὅτι ἐς αὐτοὺς παρεσπόνδησεν ὁ Κλεομένης.
ὀνομάζω takes the thing named as object and the name as a predicate accusative; ὅτι introduces the causal clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ὀνομάζουσιν in naming construction; form is nominative/accusative neuter. |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 μνῆμα | det | high | Demonstrative modifying μνῆμα. |
| 5 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεγαλοπολῖται | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | nsubj | high | Demonym used as a proper-name subject. |
| 8 | Παραιβασίον | Παραιβασίον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative/name complement in the naming construction; indeclinable or neuter form. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 παρεσπόνδησεν | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 12 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 12 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-AAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 παρεσπόνδησεν | obl | high | |
| 13 | παρεσπόνδησεν | παρασπονδέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | advcl | high | Causal subordinate predicate. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κλεομένης | det | high | |
| 15 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρεσπόνδησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high |
Παραιβασίου δὲ ἔχεται πεδίον ἑξήκοντα σταδίων μάλιστα·
The clause means that from/in relation to Paraibasios there extends a plain of approximately sixty stadia; σταδίων is a genitive of measure, with μάλιστα qualifying the approximation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Παραιβασίου | Παραιβάσιον | PROPN | Neut.Sg.Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχεται | nmod | medium | Place name in the genitive; dependent on ἔχεται, likely indicating the locality/region. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔχεται | ἔχω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle form used in the sense ‘extends/reaches’; subject is πεδίον. |
| 4 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | Neut.Sg.Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | Card indecl | NumType=Card | 6 σταδίων | nummod | high | Indeclinable cardinal numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 6 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | Neut.Pl.Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχεται | obl | high | Genitive of measure/extent. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 6 σταδίων | advmod | high | Approximating adverb modifying the measured extent. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχεται | punct | high |
καὶ πόλεως ἐρείπια Βρένθης ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ, καὶ ποταμὸς ἔξεισιν αὐτόθεν Βρενθεάτης καὶ ὅσον σταδίους προελθόντι πέντε κάτεισιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν.
The sentence coordinates ἐρείπια ἐστίν with the river's ἔξεισιν and κάτεισιν; προελθόντι is a compressed dative participial distance expression whose exact syntactic attachment is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἔξεισιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐρείπια. |
| 3 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of copula. |
| 4 | Βρένθης | Βρένθη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Place-name in the genitive, specifying the ruins. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 δεξιᾷ | case | high | |
| 7 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘on the right’. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἔξεισιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔξεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἔξεισιν | ἔξειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate after καί. |
| 14 | αὐτόθεν | αὐτόθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἔξεισιν | advmod | high | ‘From there/from that place’. |
| 15 | Βρενθεάτης | Βρενθεάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔξεισιν | nsubj | medium | River-name in apposition or nominal identification with ποταμός. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 κάτεισιν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 σταδίους | amod | medium | Neuter quantity expression with σταδίους; agreement/form is syntactically compressed. |
| 18 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 προελθόντι | obj | medium | Accusative measure/distance with προελθόντι. |
| 19 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 κάτεισιν | advcl | low | Dative participle, likely an impersonal/absolute distance clause; exact attachment is compressed. |
| 20 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 18 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 21 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἔξεισιν | conj | high | Further coordinated verb, subject understood as the river. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 24 Ἀλφειόν | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 κάτεισιν | obl | high | |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |