Grammar parses for passage 9.28.1
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ Ἑλικὼν ὀρῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἐν τοῖς μάλιστά ἐστιν εὔγεως καὶ δένδρων ἡμέρων ἀνάπλεως·
The copular predicate is ὁ Ἑλικὼν ... ἐστιν ἀνάπλεως, with εὔγεως coordinated as a second predicate adjective; ὀρῶν is a genitive plural noun meaning ‘of mountains’, while τῶν ... ἐν ... modifies it. The final genitives δένδρων ἡμέρων depend on ἀνάπλεως.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑλικὼν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 12 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἑλικὼν | Ἑλικών | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 εὔγεως | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/content with εὔγεως; semantically ‘of mountains’. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὀρῶν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν; the phrase modifies ‘mountains’. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 τοῖς | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 μάλιστά | det | high | |
| 11 | μάλιστά | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 12 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Superlative adverbial phrase ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | εὔγεως | εὔγεια | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; form is indeclinable/contracted-looking and may be analyzed lexically as εὔγεως. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 17 ἀνάπλεως | cc | high | |
| 15 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνάπλεως | nmod | high | |
| 16 | ἡμέρων | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 δένδρων | amod | high | |
| 17 | ἀνάπλεως | ἀνάπλεως | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective governing genitive δένδρων. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ τῆς ἀνδράχνου θάμνοι παρέχονται τῶν πανταχοῦ καρπὸν αἰξὶν ἥδιστον.
The verb παρέχονται is middle in form but semantically active (‘provide’); καρπόν is the object, αἰξίν the dative recipient, and ἥδιστον agrees with καρπόν. The genitive τῶν πανταχοῦ is distributive/partitive (‘of those everywhere’), with πανταχοῦ modifying the substantivized οἱ/τῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παρέχονται | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 θάμνοι | det | high | Article with θάμνοι. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνδράχνου | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀνδράχνου | ἀνδράχνη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 θάμνοι | nmod | high | |
| 5 | θάμνοι | θάμνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παρέχονται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle form used with active/transitive sense ‘provide’. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καρπὸν | det | medium | Substantivizing article; likely governs an understood masculine plural noun, with πανταχοῦ modifying the group. |
| 8 | πανταχοῦ | πανταχοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 7 τῶν | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the substantivized genitive phrase. |
| 9 | καρπὸν | καρπός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρέχονται | obj | high | |
| 10 | αἰξὶν | αἴξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 παρέχονται | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary. |
| 11 | ἥδιστον | ἡδύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 καρπὸν | amod | high | Superlative adjective agreeing with καρπόν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρέχονται | punct | high |
λέγουσι δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑλικῶνα οἰκοῦντες καὶ ἁπάσας ἐν τῷ ὄρει τὰς πόας καὶ τὰς ῥίζας ἥκιστα ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου θανάτῳ φύεσθαι.
λέγουσι governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑλικῶνα οἰκοῦντες is the nominative subject of λέγουσι, while πόας καὶ ῥίζας are accusative subjects of φύεσθαι; ἥκιστα modifies the negated/implicit frequency or degree of growth. The precise scope of ἁπάσας is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participial phrase. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 6 Ἑλικῶνα | case | high | |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑλικῶνα | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἑλικῶνα | Ἑλικῶν | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκοῦντες | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 7 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 οἰκοῦντες | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἁπάσας | ἅπας | ADJ | A-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πόας | amod | medium | Likely modifies the coordinated plant objects, with scope over πόας and ῥίζας. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 12 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 φύεσθαι | obl | high | Locative ἐν-phrase. |
| 13 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πόας | det | high | |
| 14 | πόας | πόα | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 φύεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 πόας | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ῥίζας | det | high | |
| 17 | ῥίζας | ῥίζα | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πόας | conj | high | Coordinated accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D-S | Degree=Sup | 22 φύεσθαι | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb modifying φύεσθαι; exact scope is somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 21 θανάτῳ | case | high | |
| 20 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 θανάτῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent within the ἐπί phrase. |
| 21 | θανάτῳ | θάνατος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 φύεσθαι | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: in/at the death of a human. |
| 22 | φύεσθαι | φύω | VERB | V-PNM | Case=Acc|Mood=Inf|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech; accusative subjects are πόας and ῥίζας. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 λέγουσι | punct | high |
καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῖς ὄφεσι τὸν ἰὸν ποιοῦσιν ἐνταῦθα ἀσθενέστερον αἱ νομαί, ὥστε καὶ διαφεύγουσι τὰ πολλὰ οἱ δηχθέντες, ἢν ἀνδρὶ Λίβυι γένους τοῦ Ψύλλων ἢ καὶ ἄλλως προσφόροις ἐπιτύχωσι τοῖς φαρμάκοις.
The main clause has νομαί as subject and ποιοῦσιν as its finite verb, with τοῖς ὄφεσι dative of respect/indirect object and τὸν ἰόν object. ὥστε introduces a result clause; ἢν is conditional ἐάν with subjunctive ἐπιτύχωσι, whose subject is understood οἱ δηχθέντες and whose dative phrase denotes encountering suitable remedies. The phrase ἀνδρὶ Λίβυι γένους τοῦ Ψύλλων is construed as a Libyan man of the Psyllian race, though the exact attachment of ἀνδρί is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 3 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 3 καὶ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | X | _ | 8 ποιοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὄφεσι | det | high | |
| 5 | ὄφεσι | ὄφις | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ποιοῦσιν | iobj | medium | Dative of affected entity/respect: make venom weaker for snakes. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἰὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἰὸν | ἰός | NOUN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποιοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 8 | ποιοῦσιν | ποιέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 νομαί | acl | medium | Finite verb in a relative-like participial-free construction modifying νομαί: the moulting processes make venom weaker. |
| 9 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 10 ἀσθενέστερον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἀσθενέστερον | ἀσθενής | ADJ | A-NSN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ποιοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective with τὸν ἰόν; ἐνταῦθα modifies the making weaker. |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | D-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 νομαί | det | high | |
| 12 | νομαί | νομή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Subject of ποιοῦσιν; likely snake moults/sheddings, with the verb construed as an explanatory main predicate. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομαί | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 16 διαφεύγουσι | mark | high | Introduces result clause. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | ADV | X | _ | 16 διαφεύγουσι | advmod | high | |
| 16 | διαφεύγουσι | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 νομαί | advcl | high | Result clause under ὥστε; subject οἱ δηχθέντες follows. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | D-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 18 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 διαφεύγουσι | advmod | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘for the most part/in most cases’; formally nominative with understood subject-like value. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | D-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 δηχθέντες | det | high | |
| 20 | δηχθέντες | δάκνω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 διαφεύγουσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized aorist passive participle, ‘those bitten’. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διαφεύγουσι | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C | _ | 32 ἐπιτύχωσι | mark | high | Contracted/orthographic form of ἐάν, introducing a conditional protasis. |
| 23 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπιτύχωσι | obl | medium | Dative complement with ἐπιτύχωσι; likely ‘meet/find a man’. |
| 24 | Λίβυι | Λίβυς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀνδρὶ | amod | high | Ethnic proper adjective agreeing with ἀνδρί. |
| 25 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἀνδρὶ | nmod | high | Genitive of description/quality. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | D-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 Ψύλλων | det | high | |
| 27 | Ψύλλων | Ψύλλος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnic name, dependent on γένους. |
| 28 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | X | _ | 31 προσφόροις | cc | high | Coordinates προσφόροις with Λίβυι/ἀνδρί as alternative characterization. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | ADV | X | _ | 30 ἄλλως | advmod | high | |
| 30 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D | _ | 31 προσφόροις | advmod | high | |
| 31 | προσφόροις | πρόσφορος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐπιτύχωσι | obl | medium | Dative adjective substantivized or agreeing elliptically with φαρμάκοις; ‘otherwise suitable’. |
| 32 | ἐπιτύχωσι | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 διαφεύγουσι | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the ἐάν protasis; subject is understood as οἱ δηχθέντες. |
| 33 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 φαρμάκοις | det | high | |
| 34 | φαρμάκοις | φάρμακον | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 ἐπιτύχωσι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπιτυγχάνω: encounter/obtain remedies. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διαφεύγουσι | punct | high |