Grammar parses for passage 9.28.2
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι μὲν δὴ ὁ ἰὸς τοῖς ἀγριωτάτοις τῶν ὄφεων καὶ ἄλλως ὀλέθριος ἔς τε ἀνθρώπους καὶ ζῷα ὁμοίως τὰ πάντα,
The sentence has εἰμί with subject/predicate noun ὁ ἰός; ἀγριωτάτοις is a substantive superlative with genitive ὄφεων, coordinated with nominative ὀλέθριος. The final τὰ πάντα is an adverbial accusative with ὁμοίως.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἰὸς | cop | high | Existential/copular εἰμί; predicate is ἰός. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTC | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTC | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἰὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἰὸς | ἰός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject/predicate nominal of εἰμί. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγριωτάτοις | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀγριωτάτοις | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-DSD | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὀλέθριος | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/association: 'among/to the fiercest' snakes; nominally substantive with τῶν ὄφεων. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὄφεων | det | high | |
| 9 | ὄφεων | ὄφις | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγριωτάτοις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantive superlative ἀγριωτάτοις. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ὀλέθριος | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicative adjective. |
| 11 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ὀλέθριος | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ὀλέθριος | ὀλέθριος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἰὸς | conj | high | Second predicate adjective coordinated with the first dative-associated predicate. |
| 13 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἀνθρώπους | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 14 | τε | τε | PART | PTC | _ | 13 ἔς | cc | high | Correlative τε with following καί. |
| 15 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὀλέθριος | obl | high | Object of εἰς with ὀλέθριος: destructive to humans. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ζῷα | cc | high | Coordinates the second εἰς-object. |
| 17 | ζῷα | ζῷον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνθρώπους | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀνθρώπους under the εἰς phrase. |
| 18 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ὀλέθριος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the predication: equally. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 πάντα | det | high | |
| 20 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ὁμοίως | advmod | medium | Accusative adverbial phrase τὰ πάντα, 'in all respects/equally in all things'. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἰὸς | punct | high |
συντελοῦσι δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς ἰσχύν σφισι τοῦ ἰοῦ καὶ αἱ νομαί, ἐπεί τοι καὶ ἀνδρὸς ἀκούσας οἶδα Φοίνικος ὡς ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ τῇ Φοινίκης ἀγριωτέρους τοὺς ἔχεις ποιοῦσιν αἱ ῥίζαι.
The explanatory ἐπεί-clause contains οἶδα with an aorist circumstantial participle ἀκούσας and an ὡς content clause; within it, ἀγριωτέρους is a predicative object complement of ἔχεις under ποιοῦσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συντελοῦσι | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συντελοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negates the superlative adverb. |
| 4 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 συντελοῦσι | advmod | high | Superlative adverbial form, ‘not least’. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἰσχύν | case | high | |
| 6 | ἰσχύν | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συντελοῦσι | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing result or reference. |
| 7 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἰσχύν | nmod | medium | Dative pronoun, probably possessive/ethical with ἰσχύν. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἰοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἰοῦ | ἰός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἰσχύν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἰσχύν, ‘strength of the venom’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 νομαί | cc | high | |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 νομαί | det | high | |
| 12 | νομαί | νομή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 συντελοῦσι | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with an implicit/understood contribution to συντελοῦσι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συντελοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐπεί | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 οἶδα | mark | high | Introduces an explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 15 | τοι | τοι | PART | PART | _ | 19 οἶδα | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | PART | PART | _ | 18 ἀκούσας | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘even’. |
| 17 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀκούσας | obl | medium | Genitive with ἀκούσας, likely source/authoritative person. |
| 18 | ἀκούσας | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 οἶδα | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle with οἶδα. |
| 19 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RIA-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 συντελοῦσι | advcl | medium | Finite verb of explanatory ἐπεί-clause; morphologically perfect with present meaning. |
| 20 | Φοίνικος | Φοῖνιξ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἀνδρός, identifying the man as Phoenician. |
| 21 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ποιοῦσιν | mark | high | Introduces content clause after οἶδα. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 ὀρεινῇ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ὀρεινῇ | det | high | |
| 24 | ὀρεινῇ | ὀρεινή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ποιοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘mountainous region’. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Φοινίκης | det | high | |
| 26 | Φοινίκης | Φοινίκη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὀρεινῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὀρεινῇ, ‘of Phoenicia’. |
| 27 | ἀγριωτέρους | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-AMP-CMP | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ποιοῦσιν | obj | high | Predicative object complement with τοὺς ἔχεις. |
| 28 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 ἔχεις | det | high | |
| 29 | ἔχεις | ἔχις | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ποιοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 30 | ποιοῦσιν | ποιέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Content-clause predicate; αἱ ῥίζαι is its subject. |
| 31 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ῥίζαι | det | high | |
| 32 | ῥίζαι | ῥίζα | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ποιοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 οἶδα | punct | high |
ἔφη δὲ ἄνθρωπον ἰδεῖν αὐτὸς ἀποφεύγοντα ὁρμὴν ἔχεως, καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐπί τι ἀναδραμεῖν δένδρον, τὸν δὲ ἔχιν, ὡς ἦλθεν ὕστερος, ἀποπνεῦσαι πρὸς τὸ δένδρον τοῦ ἰοῦ καὶ οὐ ζῆν ἔτι τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
Reported infinitival construction: ἔφη governs coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses. In the first, ἄνθρωπον is the accusative subject of ἰδεῖν and αὐτός/ἀποφεύγοντα describe that man; in the coordinated sequence, τὸν ... τὸν ... are paired accusative subjects of ἀναδραμεῖν and ἀποπνεῦσαι, while ὡς ἦλθεν ὕστερος is a temporal subordinate clause. The attachment of αὐτός is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔφη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἰδεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 1 ἔφη | ccomp | high | |
| 5 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 ἀποφεύγοντα | nsubj | medium | Likely emphatic subject of ἀποφεύγοντα, though nominative agreement is unusual beside accusative ἄνθρωπον. |
| 6 | ἀποφεύγοντα | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | V-PAPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἄνθρωπον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with ἄνθρωπον; αὐτός may be a nominative emphatic subject or textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 7 | ὁρμὴν | ὁρμή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποφεύγοντα | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔχεως | ἔχις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὁρμὴν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἰδεῖν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the following reported infinitive clauses. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | det | high | |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ at token 19. |
| 13 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 τι | case | high | |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | obl | medium | Indefinite accusative, probably adverbial/elliptical with ἐπί; exact sense uncertain. |
| 15 | ἀναδραμεῖν | ἀνατρέχω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 4 ἰδεῖν | conj | high | |
| 16 | δένδρον | δένδρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | obl | high | Destination accusative with ἀναδραμεῖν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀναδραμεῖν | punct | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | det | high | |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 12. |
| 20 | ἔχιν | ἔχις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀποπνεῦσαι. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔχιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 23 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | advcl | high | |
| 24 | ὕστερος | ὕστερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective, probably describing the snake as arriving later. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | punct | high | |
| 26 | ἀποπνεῦσαι | ἀποπνέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 4 ἰδεῖν | conj | high | |
| 27 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 δένδρον | case | high | |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 δένδρον | det | high | |
| 29 | δένδρον | δένδρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | obl | high | |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 ἰοῦ | det | high | |
| 31 | ἰοῦ | ἰός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποπνεῦσαι | obl | medium | Genitive of substance/content with ἀποπνεῦσαι: exhaled poison toward the tree. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ζῆν | cc | high | |
| 33 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 ζῆν | advmod | high | |
| 34 | ζῆν | ζάω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἰδεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive in the reported speech. |
| 35 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 34 ζῆν | advmod | high | |
| 36 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 ἄνθρωπον | det | high | |
| 37 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ζῆν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ζῆν. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔφη | punct | high |