Word-level lemma forms extracted for each sentence
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Lemma Forms | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.12.1 | 1 | ὅσοι δὲ ἀνθρώπων τὰ διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς ἐλέφασιν ἐξίσχοντα ὀδόντας τῶν θηρίων εἶναι καὶ οὐ κέρατα ἥγηνται, τούτοις ἔστιν ἀπιδεῖν μὲν ἐς τὰς ἄλκας, τὸ ἐν Κελτικῇ θηρίον, ἀπιδεῖν δὲ ἐς τοὺς Αἰθιοπικοὺς ταύρους· | But to those who have maintained that the tusks protruding from the mouth of certain creatures are teeth and not horns, it is worth considering the elks—animals found in Celtic lands—and the Ethiopian bulls. | ὅσος δέ ἀνήρ ὁ διά ὁ στόμα εἰς ὁ ἐκτός ἐλέφας ἐξίσχω ὀδούς ὁ θηρίον εἰμί καί οὐ κέρας ἥγημαι οὗτος εἰμί ἀπεῖδον μέν εἰς ὁ ἀλκή ὁ ἐν Κελτικός θηρίον ἀπεῖδον δέ εἰς ὁ Αἰθιοπικός ταῦρος | 0 |
| 5.12.1 | 2 | ἄλκαι μὲν γὰρ κέρατα ἐπὶ ταῖς ὀφρύσιν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἄρρενες, τὸ δὲ θῆλυ οὐ φύει τὸ παράπαν· | The male elks have horns upon their brows, whereas the female does not grow them at all. | ἀλκή μέν γάρ κέρας ἐπί ὁ ὀφρύς ἔχω ὁ ἄρρην ὁ δέ θῆλυς οὐ φύω ὁ παράπαν | 0 |
| 5.12.1 | 3 | οἱ δὲ Αἰθιοπικοὶ ταῦροι τὰ κέρατα φύουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ ῥινί. | But the Ethiopian bulls grow horns upon their noses. | ὁ δέ Αἰθιοπικός ταῦρος ὁ κέρας φύω ἐπί ὁ ῥίς | 0 |
| 5.12.1 | 4 | τίς ἂν οὖν ποιήσαιτο ἔτι ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι διὰ στόματος ζῴῳ κέρατα ἐκφῦναι; | Who, then, would still regard it as exceedingly strange that an animal might grow horns from its mouth? | τίς ἄν οὖν ποιέω ἔτι ἐν μέγας θαῦμα διά στόμα ζῷον κέρας ἐκφύω | 0 |
| 5.12.2 | 1 | πάρεστι δὲ ἀναδιδάσκεσθαι καὶ τοῖσδε ἔτι· κέρατα γὰρ κατὰ ἐτῶν περίοδον ἀπογίνεται καὶ αὖθις ἐκβλαστάνει ζῴοις, καὶ τοῦτο ἔλαφοί τε καὶ δορκάδες, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐλέφαντες πεπόνθασιν. | Further evidence may also be drawn from these examples: horns are shed by certain animals annually and subsequently grow again—this occurs among deer and gazelles, and likewise elephants experience the same. | πάρειμι δέ ἀναδιδάσκω καί ὅδε ἔτι κέρας γάρ κατά ἔτος περίοδος ἀπογίγνομαι καί αὖθις ἐκβλαστάνω ζῴον καί οὗτος ἔλαφος τε καί δορκάς ὡσαύτως δέ καί ὁ ἐλέφας πάσχω | 0 |
| 5.12.2 | 2 | ὀδοὺς δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ δεύτερα παρέσται ζῴῳ τῶν γε ἤδη τελείων· | Yet no mature animal regenerates its teeth a second time. | ὀδούς δέ οὐ εἰμί ὅστις δεύτερος πάρειμι ζῷον ὁ γε ἤδη τέλειος | 0 |
| 5.12.2 | 3 | εἰ δὲ ὀδόντες τὰ διὰ στόματος ἐξίσχοντα καὶ μὴ κέρατα ἦσαν, πῶς ἂν καὶ ἀνεφύοντο αὖθις; | If the protrusions from elephants' mouths were teeth, not horns, how could they regrow once more? | εἰ δέ ὀδούς ὁ διά στόμα ἐξίσχω καί μή κέρας εἰμί πῶς ἄν καί ἀναφύω αὖθις | 0 |
| 5.12.2 | 4 | οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ εἴκειν πυρὶ ἔχουσιν ὀδόντες φύσιν· κέρατα δὲ καὶ βοῶν καὶ ἐλεφάντων ἐς ὁμαλές τε ἐκ περιφεροῦς καὶ ἐς ἄλλα ὑπὸ πυρὸς ἄγεται σχήματα. | Moreover, teeth by nature do not soften under fire, whereas horns of both cattle and elephants can be heated and shaped from round forms into flat or other contoured shapes. | οὐ μήν οὐδέ εἴκω πῦρ ἔχω ὀδούς φύσις κέρας δέ καί βοῦς καί ἐλέφας εἰς ὁμαλής τε ἐκ περιφερής καί εἰς ἄλλος ὑπό πῦρ ἄγω σχῆμα | 0 |
| 5.12.2 | 5 | ποταμίοις γε μὴν ἵπποις καὶ ὑσὶν ἡ κάτωθεν γένυς τοὺς χαυλιόδοντας φέρει, κέρατα δὲ ἀναφυόμενα οὐχ ὁρῶμεν ἐκ γενύων· | And indeed, the lower jaw of river-horses and boars supports tusks, but we never see horns growing from the jaws. | ποτάμιος γε μήν ἵππος καί ὕς ὁ κάτωθεν γένυς ὁ χαυλιόδους φέρω κέρας δέ ἀναφύω οὐ ὁράω ἐκ γένυς | 0 |
| 5.12.3 | 1 | ἐλέφαντι οὖν τὰ κέρατα ἴστω τις διὰ κροτάφων κατερχόμενα ἄνωθεν καὶ οὕτως ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς ἐπιστρέφοντα. | The horns of an elephant, then, one should know, come downwards from above through the temples and then curve outwards. | ἐλέφας οὖν ὁ κέρας ἵστημι τις διά κρόταφος κατέρχομαι ἄνωθεν καί οὕτως εἰς ὁ ἐκτός ἐπιστρέφω | 0 |
| 5.12.3 | 2 | τοῦτο οὐκ ἀκοὴν γράφω, θεασάμενος δὲ ἐλέφαντος ἐν γῇ τῇ Καμπανῶν κρανίον ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ· | This description I do not write from hearsay, having myself seen an elephant's skull in the sanctuary of Artemis in the country of the Campanians. | οὗτος οὐ ἀκοή γράφω θεάομαι δέ ἐλέφας ἐν γῆ ὁ καμπάνη κρανίον ἐν Ἄρτεμις ἱερός | 0 |
| 5.12.3 | 3 | σταδίους δὲ ὡς τριάκοντα ἀπέχει μάλιστα Καπύης τὸ ἱερόν, αὕτη δὲ ἡ μητρόπολίς ἐστιν ἡ Καπύη τῶν Καμπανῶν. | This sanctuary lies about thirty stades from Capua, which is the chief city of the Campanians. | στάδιον δέ ὡς τριάκοντα ἀπέχω μάλιστα Κάπυς ὁ ἱερόν οὗτος δέ ὁ μητρόπολις εἰμί ὁ Κάπυη ὁ καμπάνη | 0 |
| 5.12.3 | 4 | ὁ μὲν δὴ ἐλέφας παρὰ τὰ λοιπὰ ζῷα διάφορον καὶ τὴν ἔκφυσιν παρέχεται τῶν κεράτων, ὥσπερ γε καὶ τὸ μέγεθός ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ εἶδος οὐδὲν ἐοικότα ἑτέρῳ θηρίῳ· | Now the elephant, compared to other animals, possesses a remarkable peculiarity in the position of these horns, just as its size and appearance altogether resemble no other creature. | ὁ μέν δή ἐλέφας παρά ὁ λοιπός ζῷον διάφορος καί ὁ ἔκφυσις παρέχω ὁ κέρας ὥσπερ γε καί ὁ μέγεθος εἰμί αὐτός καί εἶδος οὐδέν ἔοικα ἕτερος θηρίον | 0 |
| 5.12.3 | 5 | φιλότιμοι δὲ ἐς τὰ μάλιστά μοι καὶ ἐς θεῶν τιμὴν οὐ φειδωλοὶ χρημάτων γενέσθαι δοκοῦσιν οἱ Ἕλληνες, οἷς γε παρὰ Ἰνδῶν ἤγετο καὶ ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας ἐλέφας ἐς ποίησιν ἀγαλμάτων. | It appears to me that the Greeks have always been exceedingly eager for distinction, willingly spending lavishly on the honour of their gods, as indeed elephants were brought to them from India and Ethiopia for the making of statues. | φιλότιμος δέ εἰς ὁ μάλιστα ἐγώ καί εἰς θεός τιμή οὐ φειδωλός χρῆμα γίγνομαι δοκέω ὁ Ἕλλην ὅς γε παρά Ἰνδός ἄγω καί ἐκ Αἰθιοπία ἐλέφας εἰς ποίησις ἄγαλμα | 0 |
| 5.12.4 | 1 | ἐν δὲ Ὀλυμπίᾳ παραπέτασμα ἐρεοῦν κεκοσμημένον ὑφάσμασιν Ἀσσυρίοις καὶ βαφῇ πορφύρας τῆς Φοινίκων ἀνέθηκεν Ἀντίοχος, οὗ δὴ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ θεάτρου τοῦ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἡ αἰγὶς ἡ χρυσῆ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἡ Γοργώ ἐστιν ἀναθήματα. | At Olympia, Antiochus dedicated a woolen curtain embellished with Assyrian embroidery and Phoenician purple dye, and he also dedicated the golden aegis with the Gorgon upon it, set above the theater in Athens. | ἐν δέ Ὀλυμπία παραπέτασμα ἐρέω κοσμέω ὕφασμα Ἀσσύριος καί βάφη πορφύρα ὁ φοῖνιξ ἀνατίθημι Ἀντίοχος ὅς δή καί ὑπέρ ὁ θέατρον ὁ Ἀθήνησι ὁ αἰγίς ὁ χρυσός καί ἐπί αὐτός ὁ Γοργώ εἰμί ἀνάθημα | 0 |
| 5.12.4 | 2 | τοῦτο οὐκ ἐς τὸ ἄνω τὸ παραπέτασμα πρὸς τὸν ὄροφον ὥσπερ γε ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Ἐφεσίας ἀνέλκουσι, καλωδίοις δὲ ἐπιχαλῶντες καθιᾶσιν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος. | This curtain was not pulled upward towards the roof, as is done at the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, but was lowered to the ground by cords that drew it down. | οὗτος οὐ εἰς ὁ ἄνω ὁ παραπέτασμα πρός ὁ ὄροφος ὥσπερ γε ἐν Ἄρτεμις ὁ Ἐφεσία ἀνέλκω καλωδίον δέ ἐπιχαλάω καθίημι εἰς ὁ ἔδαφος | 0 |
| 5.12.5 | 1 | ἀναθήματα δὲ ὁπόσα ἔνδον ἢ ἐν τῷ προνάῳ κεῖται, θρόνος ἐστὶν Ἀριμνήστου βασιλεύσαντος ἐν Τυρσηνοῖς, ὃς πρῶτος βαρβάρων ἀναθήματι τὸν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Δία ἐδωρήσατο, καὶ ἵπποι Κυνίσκας χαλκοῖ, σημεῖα Ὀλυμπικῆς νίκης· | Of votive offerings placed within or in the fore-temple, there is the throne of Arimnestus, king among the Tyrrhenians, who was the first barbarian to dedicate an offering to Zeus at Olympia, and there are also the bronze horses of Cynisca, commemorative monuments of her Olympic victory. | ἀνάθημα δέ ὁπόσος ἔνδον ἤ ἐν ὁ προνάος κεῖμαι θρόνος εἰμί Ἀριμνήστος βασιλεύω ἐν Τυρσηνός ὅς πρῶτος βάρβαρος ἀνάθημα ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπία διά δωρέομαι καί ἵππος κυνίσκη χαλκοῦς σημεῖον Ὀλυμπικός νίκη | 0 |
| 5.12.5 | 2 | οὗτοι μέγεθος μὲν ἀποδέουσιν ἵππων, ἑστήκασι δὲ ἐν τῷ προνάῳ τοῖς ἐσιοῦσιν ἐν δεξιᾷ. | These are smaller than life-size horses, and stand in the fore-temple, on the right as one enters. | οὗτος μέγεθος μέν ἀποδέω ἵππος ἵστημι δέ ἐν ὁ προνάος ὁ εἶμι ἐν δεξιός | 0 |
| 5.12.5 | 3 | κεῖται δὲ καὶ τρίπους ἐπίχαλκος, ἐφʼ οὗ πρὶν ἢ τὴν τράπεζαν ποιηθῆναι προετίθεντο τοῖς νικῶσιν οἱ στέφανοι. | There is also a bronze-coated tripod, upon which it was customary in earlier times to set out the crowns for victors, before the table was made. | κεῖμαι δέ καί τρίπους ἐπίχαλκος ἐπί ὅς πρίν ἤ ὁ τράπεζα ποιέω προτίθημι ὁ νικάω ὁ στέφανος | 0 |
| 5.12.6 | 1 | βασιλέων δὲ ἀνδριάντας, | Statues of the emperors were dedicated there. | βασιλεύς δέ ἀνδριάς | 0 |
| 5.12.6 | 2 | Ἀδριανοῦ μὲν αἱ ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν τελοῦσαι πόλεις ἀνέθεσαν Παρίου λίθου, Τραϊανοῦ δὲ οἱ πάντες Ἕλληνες. | Those cities in Achaia subject to Hadrian dedicated a statue of him made of Parian marble, and all the Greeks dedicated one of Trajan. | Ἀδριανός μέν ὁ εἰς ὁ ἀχαϊκός τελέω πόλις ἀνατίθημι Πάριος λίθος Τραϊανός δέ ὁ πᾶς Ἕλλην | 0 |
| 5.12.6 | 3 | οὗτος προσεκτήσατο ὁ βασιλεὺς Γέτας τοὺς ὑπὲρ Θρᾴκης Ὀσρόῃ τε τῷ ἀπογόνῳ τῷ Ἀρσάκου καὶ Πάρθοις ἐπολέμησεν· | This emperor subdued the Getae beyond Thrace and waged war against Osroes, the descendant of Arsaces, and the Parthians. | οὗτος προκτάομαι ὁ βασιλεύς γέτας ὁ ὑπέρ Θρᾴκη Ὀσρόης τε ὁ ἀπόγονος ὁ Ἄρσακος καί Πάρθος πολεμέω | 0 |
| 5.12.6 | 4 | ὁπόσα δὲ ἐς ἔργων ἔχει οἱ κατασκευήν, ἀξιολογώτατά ἐστι λουτρὰ ἐπώνυμα αὐτοῦ καὶ θέατρον μέγα κυκλοτερὲς πανταχόθεν καὶ οἰκοδόμημα ἐς ἵππων δρόμους προῆκον καὶ ἐς δύο σταδίων μῆκος, καὶ ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἀγορὰ κόσμου τε ἕνεκα τοῦ λοιποῦ θέας ἀξία καὶ μάλιστα ἐς τὸν ὄροφον χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον. | Among his constructions, the most notable are the baths that bear his name, a great theatre shaped as a complete circle open on all sides, a building stretching out for horse-races about two stadia in length, and the Roman market-place, remarkable both for its ornamentation and for the rest of its features, most notably its roof, which was made of bronze. | ὁπόσος δέ εἰς ἔργον ἔχω ὁ κατασκευή ἀξιολογώτατος εἰμί λουτρόν ἐπώνυμος αὐτός καί θέατρον μέγας κυκλοτερής πανταχόθεν καί οἰκοδόμημα εἰς ἵππος δρόμος προήκω καί εἰς δύο στάδιον μῆκος καί ὁ Ῥωμαῖος ἀγορά κόσμος τε ἕνεκα ὁ λοιπός θέα ἀξία καί μάλιστα εἰς ὁ ὄροφος χαλκός ποιέω | 0 |
| 5.12.7 | 1 | αἱ δὲ εἰκόνες αἱ τοῖς κατασκευάσμασι τοῖς περιφερέσιν ἐγκείμεναι, ἡ μὲν τοῦ ἠλέκτρου βασιλέως Ῥωμαίων ἐστὶν Αὐγούστου, ἡ δὲ τοῦ ἐλέφαντος βασιλέως Νικομήδους ἐλέγετο εἶναι Βιθυνῶν. | The statues placed within the movable structures, one of amber, represent Augustus, emperor of the Romans, and another one, made of ivory, is said to depict Nicomedes, king of Bithynia. | ὁ δέ εἰκών ὁ ὁ κατασκεύασμα ὁ περιφερέης ἔγκειμαι ὁ μέν ὁ ἤλεκτρον βασιλεύς Ῥωμαῖος εἰμί Αὔγουστος ὁ δέ ὁ ἐλέφας βασιλεύς Νικομήδης λέγω εἰμί Βιθυνός | 0 |
| 5.12.7 | 2 | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ πόλεων μετεβλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, Ἀστακῷ τὰ πρὸ τούτου καλουμένῃ· | From him also the greatest of the cities in Bithynia received a change of name, having previously been called Astakos. | ἀπό οὗτος δέ καί ὁ μέγιστος ὁ ἐν Βιθυνία πόλις μεταβάλλω ὁ ὄνομα ἀστακός ὁ πρό οὗτος καλέω | 0 |
| 5.12.7 | 3 | τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτῇ Ζυποίτης ἐγένετο οἰκιστής, Θρᾷξ γένος εἰκάζοντί γε ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος. | Its original founder was Zypoites, who, judging from his name, was likely of Thracian descent. | ὁ δέ ἐκ ἀρχή αὐτός ζυποίτης γίγνομαι οἰκιστής Θρᾷξ γένος εἰκάζω γε ἀπό ὁ ὄνομα | 0 |
| 5.12.7 | 4 | τὸ δὲ ἤλεκτρον τοῦτο οὗ τῷ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηνται τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅσον μὲν αὐτόματον ἐν τοῦ Ἠριδανοῦ ταῖς ψάμμοις εὑρίσκεται, σπανίζεται τὰ μάλιστα καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ τίμιον πολλῶν ἐστιν ἕνεκα· τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἤλεκτρον ἀναμεμιγμένος ἐστὶν ἀργύρῳ χρυσός. | Now this amber from which the statue of Augustus was fashioned—the sort that occurs naturally, found in the sands of Eridanus—is exceedingly rare and especially valued by men for various reasons; but that other amber is gold intermixed with silver. | ὁ δέ ἤλεκτρον οὗτος ὅς ὁ Αὔγουστος ποιέω ὁ εἰκών ὅσος μέν αὐτόματος ἐν ὁ Ἠριδανός ὁ ψάμμος εὑρίσκομαι σπανίζω ὁ μάλιστα καί ἄνθρωπος τίμιος πολύς εἰμί ἕνεκα ὁ δέ ἄλλος ἤλεκτρον ἀναμίγνυμι εἰμί ἀργύριον χρυσός | 0 |
| 5.12.8 | 1 | ἐν δὲ τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ ναῷ Νέρωνος ἀναθήματα τρεῖς μὲν ἐς κοτίνου φύλλα στέφανοι, τέταρτος δὲ ἐς δρυός ἐστι μεμιμημένος· | In the temple at Olympia there are offerings of Nero: three olive wreaths, while the fourth is a copy in oak leaves. | ἐν δέ ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπία ναός Νέρων ἀνάθημα τρεῖς μέν εἰς κοτῖνος φύλλον στέφανος τέταρτος δέ εἰς δρυς εἰμί μιμέομαι | 0 |
| 5.12.8 | 2 | κεῖνται δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ἀσπίδες χαλκαῖ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι, τοῖς ὁπλιτεύουσιν εἶναι φορήματα ἐς τὸν δρόμον. | There are also twenty-five bronze shields there, carried by soldiers for the armed race. | κεῖμαι δέ αὐτόθι καί ἀσπίς χαλκοῦς πέντε καί εἴκοσι ὁ ὁπλιτεύω εἰμί φόρημα εἰς ὁ δρόμος | 0 |
| 5.12.8 | 3 | στῆλαι δὲ ἄλλαι τε ἑστήκασι καὶ ἡ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους καὶ Ἀργείους τε καὶ Μαντινέας ἔχουσα ὅρκον παρὰ Ἠλείων ἐς συμμαχίαν ἐτῶν ἑκατόν. | Several stone inscriptions also stand there, among them one bearing the oath sworn by the Eleans to the Athenians, Argives, and Mantineans, establishing an alliance for a hundred years. | στήλη δέ ἄλλος τε ἵστημι καί ὁ πρός Ἀθηναῖος καί Ἀργεῖος τε καί Μαντινεύς ἔχω ὅρκος παρά Ἠλεῖος εἰς συμμαχία ἔτος ἑκατόν | 0 |