Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 1.21

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.21.1 1 other high εἰσὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις εἰκόνες ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ καὶ τραγῳδίας καὶ κωμῳδίας ποιητῶν, αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν ἀφανεστέρων· The Athenians have statues in their theatre of poets both of tragedy and comedy, most of whom are relatively obscure. Descriptive note about statues in the theatre; no mythic or historical event.
1.21.1 2 other high ὅτι μὴ γὰρ Μένανδρος, οὐδεὶς ἦν ποιητὴς κωμῳδίας τῶν ἐς δόξαν ἡκόντων. For aside from Menander, there was no comic poet worthy of notable fame. Literary evaluation of Menander and comic poets; no mythic or historical event.
1.21.1 3 other high τραγῳδίας δὲ κεῖνται τῶν φανερῶν Εὐριπίδης καὶ Σοφοκλῆς. Among the famous tragedians represented there are Euripides and Sophocles. Identifies famous tragedians represented there; this is descriptive/antiquarian, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.1 4 historical high λέγεται δὲ Σοφοκλέους τελευτήσαντος ἐσβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Λακεδαιμονίους, καὶ σφῶν τὸν ἡγούμενον ἰδεῖν ἐπιστάντα οἱ Διόνυσον κελεύειν τιμαῖς, ὅσαι καθεστήκασιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τεθνεῶσι, τὴν Σειρῆνα τὴν νέαν τιμᾶν· They say that upon Sophocles' death the Lacedaemonians invaded Attica, and their commander had a vision of Dionysus standing over him and commanding him to honor with customary funeral rites the new Siren; The sentence centers on the Lacedaemonians' invasion of Attica after Sophocles' death, a post-500 BC historical event, despite the accompanying vision of Dionysus.
1.21.1 5 other high καί οἱ τὸ ὄναρ ἐς Σοφοκλέα καὶ τὴν Σοφοκλέους ποίησιν ἐφαίνετο ἔχειν, εἰώθασι δὲ καὶ νῦν ἔτι ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων τὸ ἐπαγωγὸν Σειρῆνι εἰκάζειν. and this dream seemed clearly to refer to Sophocles and his poetry, for even now it remains customary to liken the charm of poetry and eloquence to a Siren. A dream and a literary comparison to the Sirens; this is interpretive/antiquarian rather than mythic event or historical event.
1.21.2 1 historical medium τὴν δὲ εἰκόνα τὴν Αἰσχύλου πολλῷ τε ὕστερον τῆς τελευτῆς δοκῶ ποιηθῆναι καὶ τῆς γραφῆς ἣ τὸ ἔργον ἔχει τὸ Μαραθῶνι. The portrait of Aeschylus, I believe, was made much later than his death and later than the painting showing the battle at Marathon. Refers to the portrait of Aeschylus and the Marathon painting, both tied to historical figures and events after 500 BC; the sentence is antiquarian rather than mythic.
1.21.2 2 historical high ἔφη δὲ Αἰσχύλος μειράκιον ὢν καθεύδειν ἐν ἀγρῷ φυλάσσων σταφυλάς, Aeschylus, it is said, while still a youth, fell asleep as he kept watch over grape clusters in a field. An anecdotal notice about Aeschylus, a historical figure, not a mythic event.
1.21.2 3 mythic high καί οἱ Διόνυσον ἐπιστάντα κελεῦσαι τραγῳδίαν ποιεῖν· Dionysus appeared, standing beside him, and commanded him to compose tragedy. Dionysus appears and gives a divine command, which is a mythic event.
1.21.2 4 historical high ὡς δὲ ἦν ἡμέρα--- πείθεσθαι γὰρ ἐθέλειν---ῥᾷστα ἤδη πειρώμενος ποιεῖν. At daybreak—for Aeschylus was eager to obey—he immediately set about attempting to compose it. Refers to Aeschylus and a biographical action, not mythic material; literary/historical anecdote.
1.21.3 1 other high οὗτος μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν· These things he related. A simple speech/reporting formula with no mythic or historical event described.
1.21.3 2 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Νοτίου καλουμένου τείχους, ὃ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐς τὸ θέατρόν ἐστι τετραμμένον, ἐπὶ τούτου Μεδούσης τῆς Γοργόνος ἐπίχρυσος ἀνάκειται κεφαλή, καὶ περὶ αὐτὴν αἰγὶς πεποίηται. Upon the wall known as the Southern, which faces toward the theater from the Acropolis, there is placed a gilded head of Medusa the Gorgon, and around it is fashioned an aegis. Purely descriptive of a monument on the wall; no event is narrated.
1.21.3 3 other high ἐν δὲ τῇ κορυφῇ τοῦ θεάτρου σπήλαιόν ἐστιν ἐν ταῖς πέτραις ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν· At the very top of the theater, under the Acropolis and among the rocks, is a cave. A topographical description of a cave’s location under the Acropolis; no mythic or historical event.
1.21.3 4 other high τρίπους δὲ ἔπεστι καὶ τούτῳ· Above this also stands a tripod. Purely descriptive topographical remark about a tripod standing above the object; no mythic or historical event.
1.21.3 5 mythic high Ἀπόλλων δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ Ἄρτεμις τοὺς παῖδάς εἰσιν ἀναιροῦντες τοὺς Νιόβης. Within the cave, Apollo and Artemis are depicted slaying the children of Niobe. Depicts Apollo and Artemis slaying Niobe's children, a mythic event.
1.21.3 6 mythic high ταύτην τὴν Νιόβην καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνελθὼν ἐς τὸν Σίπυλον τὸ ὄρος· ἡ δὲ πλησίον μὲν πέτρα καὶ κρημνός ἐστιν οὐδὲν παρόντι σχῆμα παρεχόμενος γυναικὸς οὔτε ἄλλως οὔτε πενθούσης· εἰ δέ γε πορρωτέρω γένοιο, δεδακρυμένην δόξεις ὁρᾶν καὶ κατηφῆ γυναῖκα. This same Niobe I myself saw when I ascended Mount Sipylus: from near at hand it is simply a rock and cliff, showing no resemblance whatsoever either to a woman or to one grieving; but if you go a little further away, it seems indeed like a woman bowed down in sorrow, shedding tears. Niobe is a mythic figure, and the sentence describes her supposed petrified form on Mount Sipylus.
1.21.4 1 other high ἰόντων δὲ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεάτρου τέθαπται Κάλως· On the road leading to the Acropolis in Athens from the theatre is buried Kalos. Purely locational and descriptive burial notice on a route in Athens; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event is asserted.
1.21.4 2 mythic high τοῦτον τὸν Κάλων ἀδελφῆς παῖδα ὄντα καὶ τῆς τέχνης μαθητὴν φονεύσας Δαίδαλος ἐς Κρήτην ἔφυγε, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐς Σικελίαν ἐκδιδράσκει παρὰ Κώκαλον. Daedalus, having slain this Kalos, who was his sister's son and pupil in his craft, fled to Crete, and some time later escaped to Sicily, to the court of Cocalus. Daedalus' flight to Crete and Sicily belongs to mythic tradition, with no historical event after 500 BC.
1.21.4 3 other high τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἔς τε τὰ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν, ὁπόσα τοῦ θεοῦ πεποίηται καὶ τῶν παίδων, καὶ ἐς τὰς γραφὰς θέας ἄξιον· The sanctuary of Asclepius is worthy of viewing both for the statues—those depicting the god and his children—and for the paintings it contains. Describes the sanctuary’s statues and paintings as noteworthy; this is descriptive/antiquarian rather than narrating mythic or historical events.
1.21.4 4 mythic high ἔστι δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ κρήνη, παρʼ ᾗ λέγουσι Ποσειδῶνος παῖδα Ἁλιρρόθιον θυγατέρα Ἄρεως Ἀλκίππην αἰσχύναντα ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ Ἄρεως, καὶ δίκην ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ φόνῳ γενέσθαι πρῶτον. Within it there is a spring, by which they say Halirrhothius, son of Poseidon, was slain by Ares, after he molested Alcippe, the daughter of Ares, and that this was the first trial held concerning homicide. Reports a mythic killing by Ares and the first homicide trial, attached to a local spring.
1.21.5 1 other high ἐνταῦθα ἄλλα τε καὶ Σαυροματικὸς ἀνάκειται θώραξ· ἐς τοῦτόν τις ἰδὼν οὐδὲν ἧσσον Ἑλλήνων τοὺς βαρβάρους φήσει σοφοὺς ἐς τὰς τέχνας εἶναι. Here among other objects is placed a Sarmatian breastplate; whoever sees this will declare that the barbarians are no less ingenious in craftsmanship than the Greeks themselves. Describes a displayed object and its craftsmanship, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.5 2 other high Σαυρομάταις γὰρ οὔτε αὐτοῖς σίδηρός ἐστιν ὀρυσσόμενος οὔτε σφίσιν ἐσάγουσιν· ἄμικτοι γὰρ μάλιστα τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων εἰσί. The Sarmatians neither have iron ore mined in their own land nor do they import it from abroad; for they are especially isolated among the barbarians in these parts. Geographical/ethnographic description of the Sarmatians’ isolation and lack of iron, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.5 3 other high πρὸς οὖν τὴν ἀπορίαν ταύτην ἐξεύρηταί σφισιν· ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς δόρασιν αἰχμὰς ὀστεΐνας ἀντὶ σιδήρου φοροῦσι, τόξα τε κράνινα καὶ ὀιστοὺς καὶ ὀστεΐνας ἀκίδας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀιστοῖς· Therefore they have devised the following solution to this shortage: instead of iron, they fit their spearheads with bone points, and use bows made of horn, arrows, and bone-tipped darts. Descriptive note about weapons and materials used, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.5 4 historical low καὶ σειραῖς περιβαλόντες τῶν πολεμίων ὁπόσους καὶ τύχοιεν, τοὺς ἵππους ἀποστρέψαντες ἀνατρέπουσι τοὺς ἐνσχεθέντας ταῖς σειραῖς. They also throw ropes around their enemies and, when they catch them, they wheel their horses about and overturn those thus entangled. Describes a battle tactic involving enemies and cavalry, which fits historical narrative rather than myth or geography.
1.21.6 1 other high τοὺς δὲ θώρακας ποιοῦνται τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον. Their breastplates they fashion in the following manner. Describes the manner of making breastplates; this is descriptive/technical material, not mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 2 other high ἵππους πολλὰς ἕκαστος τρέφει, ὡς ἂν οὔτε ἐς ἰδιωτῶν κλήρους τῆς γῆς μεμερισμένης οὔτε τι φερούσης πλὴν ὕλης ἀγρίας ἅτε ὄντων νομάδων· Each man rears many horses, since, as nomads, their land is neither divided into private holdings nor producing anything except wild woodlands. Describes the nomads’ land-use and horse-rearing as geographical/ethnographic detail, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 3 other high ταύταις οὐκ ἐς πόλεμον χρῶνται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ θεοῖς θύουσιν ἐπιχωρίοις καὶ ἄλλως σιτοῦνται. These horses they use not only for warfare but also sacrifice to their local gods and, additionally, use as food. Describes customary use of horses for sacrifice and food; this is ethnographic/descriptive rather than a specific mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 4 other high συλλεξάμενοι δὲ τὰς ὁπλὰς ἐκκαθήραντές τε καὶ διελόντες ποιοῦσιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐμφερῆ δρακόντων φολίσιν· Gathering the hoofs, they clean and split them, then make from these pieces something resembling serpent scales. Describes a ritual/technical action of preparing hoofs into serpent-scale-like pieces; it is descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
1.21.6 5 other high ὅστις δὲ οὐκ εἶδέ πω δράκοντα, πίτυός γε εἶδε καρπὸν χλωρὸν ἔτι· If someone has never before seen a serpent, certainly he has seen the still-green cone of a pine tree. A proverbial comparison about a serpent and a pine cone; descriptive and non-narrative, with no mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 6 other high ταῖς οὖν ἐπὶ τῷ καρπῷ τῆς πίτυος φαινομέναις ἐντομαῖς εἰκάζων τὸ ἔργον τὸ ἐκ τῆς ὁπλῆς οὐκ ἂν ἁμαρτάνοι. Thus, comparing this work made from hoofs to the overlapping scales visible on a pine cone, one would not be mistaken. A descriptive comparison of craftsmanship and a pine cone, with no mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 7 other high ταῦτα διατρήσαντες καὶ νεύροις ἵππων καὶ βοῶν συρράψαντες χρῶνται θώραξιν οὔτε εὐπρεπείᾳ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀποδέουσιν οὔτε ἀσθενεστέροις· Piercing these scales and sewing them together using horse or ox sinews, they produce breastplates that are neither inferior in beauty nor weaker than the Greek ones. Describes manufacture of armor and material qualities; purely descriptive/geographical-antiquarian, not mythic or historical event.
1.21.6 8 other high καὶ γὰρ συστάδην τυπτόμενοι καὶ βληθέντες ἀνέχονται. Indeed, they withstand blows both at close quarters and from afar. General descriptive remark about fighting and endurance, with no specific mythic or historical event.
1.21.7 1 other high οἱ δὲ θώρακες οἱ λινοῖ μαχομένοις μὲν οὐχ ὁμοίως εἰσὶ χρήσιμοι, διιᾶσι γὰρ καὶ βιαζόμενοι τὸν σίδηρον· The linen corselets, however, are not equally useful in warfare, for iron weapons can pierce through them when forced. Descriptive observation about linen corselets and their effectiveness in warfare, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.7 2 other high θηρεύοντας δὲ ὠφελοῦσιν, ἐναποκλῶνται γάρ σφισι καὶ λεόντων ὀδόντες καὶ παρδάλεων. But for hunting purposes they are beneficial, since even the teeth of lions and leopards become entangled in them. Describes a practical, geographical feature of the terrain and its effect on hunting, not a mythic or historical event.
1.21.7 3 other high θώρακας δὲ λινοῦς ἰδεῖν ἔν τε ἄλλοις ἱεροῖς ἔστιν ἀνακειμένους καὶ ἐν Γρυνείῳ, ἔνθα Ἀπόλλωνος κάλλιστον ἄλσος δένδρων καὶ ἡμέρων καὶ ὅσα τῶν ἀκάρπων ὀσμῆς παρέχεταί τινα ἢ θέας ἡδονήν. Linen corselets may be seen dedicated in various sanctuaries, notably at Gryneium, where there is a most beautiful grove of Apollo, with trees both cultivated and fruitless varieties offering either fragrance or a pleasing appearance. Describes votive objects and the grove at Gryneium; this is geographical/descriptive, not a mythic or historical event.