Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 5.27

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.27.1 1 other high τούτων δὲ ἀντικρὺ τῶν κατειλεγμένων ἔστιν ἄλλα ἀναθήματα ἐπὶ στοίχου, τετραμμένα μὲν πρὸς μεσημβρίαν, τοῦ τεμένους δὲ ἐγγύτατα ὃ τῷ Πέλοπι ἀνεῖται. Directly opposite the dedications I have just listed are some other offerings arranged in a row, facing south, situated closest to the precinct dedicated to Pelops. Purely topographical description of dedications and their position near Pelops' precinct.
5.27.1 2 historical high ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἀνατεθέντα ἐστὶν ὑπὸ τοῦ Μαιναλίου Φόρμιδος, ὃς ἐκ Μαινάλου διαβὰς ἐς Σικελίαν παρὰ Γέλωνα τὸν Δεινομένους καὶ ἐκείνῳ τε αὐτῷ καὶ Ἱέρωνι ὕστερον ἀδελφῷ τοῦ Γέλωνος ἐς τὰς στρατείας ἀποδεικνύμενος λαμπρὰ ἔργα ἐς τοσοῦτο προῆλθεν εὐδαιμονίας, ὡς ἀναθεῖναι μὲν ταῦτα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, ἀναθεῖναι δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι δὲ ἄλλα ἐς Δελφούς. Among them are the dedications set up by Phormis from Maenalus. Mentions dedications by Phormis and his service with Gelon and Hieron, figures of the early 5th century BC.
5.27.2 1 other high τὰ δὲ ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν δύο τέ εἰσιν ἵπποι καὶ ἡνίοχοι δύο, ἑκατέρῳ τῶν ἵππων παρεστὼς ἀνὴρ ἡνίοχος· The dedications at Olympia consist of two horses with two charioteers; next to each horse stands a charioteer. A descriptive inventory of dedications at Olympia, not a mythic or historical event.
5.27.2 2 other high ὁ μὲν δὴ πρότερος τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ Διονυσίου τοῦ Ἀργείου, τὰ δεύτερα δὲ ἔργα ἐστὶν Αἰγινήτου Σίμωνος . The first pair of horse and man were made by Dionysius of Argos, while the second are works by Simon the Aeginetan. Antiquarian attribution of sculptors and artworks, not a mythic or historical event.
5.27.2 3 other high τῷ προτέρῳ δὲ τῶν ἵππων ἐπίγραμμα ἔπεστιν ἐπὶ τῇ πλευρᾷ, τὰ πρῶτα οὐ σὺν μέτρῳ· On the flank of the first horse there is an inscription; the opening words are not in metrical form. Describes an inscription and its form; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical event.
5.27.2 4 other high λέγει γὰρ δὴ οὕτω· It reads thus: Introductory citation formula; not narrative, mythic, or historical content.
5.27.2 5 other high Φόρμις ἀνέθηκεν Ἀρκὰς Μαινάλιος, νῦν δὲ Συρακόσιος. "Dedicated by Phormis, an Arcadian from Maenalus, but now of Syracuse." An inscriptional dedication identifying the dedicator and his origin; purely antiquarian/descriptive.
5.27.3 1 mythic high οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἵππος ὅτῳ καὶ τὸ ἱππομανὲς λόγῳ τῷ Ἠλείων ἔγκειται· This is the horse concerning which the legend of the "hippomanes" told by the Eleans is maintained. Refers to a local legend about the hippomanes, a mythic aetiological story.
5.27.3 2 mythic medium δῆλα δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐστὶν ἀνδρὸς μάγου σοφίᾳ γενέσθαι τὰ συμβαίνοντα τῷ ἵππῳ. Clearly in other respects also, what happened to the animal was due to the cunning of a magician. Refers to a magician's cunning causing an event to happen to an animal; this is framed as a marvel/legendary explanation rather than a historical or purely descriptive remark.
5.27.3 3 other high μέγεθος μὲν ἢ εἶδος ἵππων ἀποδεῖ πολλῷ, ὅσοι τῆς Ἄλτεως ἐντὸς ἑστήκασι, πρὸς δὲ ἀποκέκοπταί τε τὴν οὐρὰν καὶ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ τοιῷδε ἔτι αἰσχίων· It falls far short in size and appearance of all the horses that stand within the Altis; moreover, its tail has been cut off, making it even more disgraceful in this state. Purely descriptive comparison of a horse’s size and mutilated tail; no mythic or historical event.
5.27.3 4 other high οἱ δὲ ἵπποι οἱ ἄρσενες οὔτι που τοῦ ἦρος μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ὀργῶσιν ἡμέραν. Male horses, throughout the entire day and not merely in springtime, are madly attracted to it. Describes a natural/biological characteristic of horses, not a mythic or historical event.
5.27.4 1 other high καὶ γὰρ ἐσθέουσιν ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ἀπορρηγνύοντες τὰ δεσμὰ ἢ καὶ ἐκφεύγοντες τοὺς ἄγοντας καὶ ἐπιπηδῶσιν αὐτῷ πολλῷ δή τι ἐμμανέστερον ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν καλλίστην ἵππον ζῶσάν τε καὶ ἠθάδα ἀναβαίνεσθαι· For indeed, they rush into the Altis either breaking their bonds or fleeing from those who lead them, and leap upon it with far greater frenzy than they would mount a living mare, even one most beautiful and gentle. Describes a ritual/antiquarian detail of runners entering the Altis; no mythic or historical event.
5.27.4 2 other high ἀπολισθάνουσί τε δὴ αὐτοῖς αἱ ὁπλαὶ καὶ ὅμως οὐκ ἀπαγορεύουσι χρεμετίζοντές τε μᾶλλον καὶ ἐπιπηδῶντες μετὰ βιαιοτέρας τῆς ὁρμῆς, πρὶν ἂν ὑπὸ μαστίγων καὶ ἀνάγκης ἰσχυρᾶς ἀφελκυσθῶσι· Their hooves slip upon it, yet nevertheless they do not desist, neighing all the louder and springing upon it with more vehement impulse, until finally they are drawn away by lashes and great force. Describes animal behavior on terrain; purely descriptive/geographical, with no mythic or historical event.
5.27.4 3 other high πρότερον δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπαλλαγή σφισιν οὐδεμία ἀπὸ τοῦ χαλκοῦ. And until that time there is for them no release whatsoever from the bronze. Describes a non-mythic, non-historical condition in the narrative context; it is descriptive rather than an event.
5.27.5 1 other high καὶ ἄλλο ἐν Λυδίᾳ θεασάμενος οἶδα διάφορον μὲν θαῦμα ἢ κατὰ τὸν ἵππον τὸν Φόρμιδος, μάγων μέντοι σοφίας οὐδὲ αὐτὸ ἀπηλλαγμένον. I have also personally seen something else in Lydia, different indeed in wonder from the horse of Phormis, yet likewise not free from the skill of magicians. A personal description of a seen marvel in Lydia; geographical/antiquarian rather than a mythic or historical event.
5.27.5 2 other high ἔστι γὰρ Λυδοῖς ἐπίκλησιν Περσικοῖς ἱερὰ ἔν τε Ἱεροκαισαρείᾳ καλουμένῃ πόλει καὶ ἐν Ὑπαίποις, ἐν ἑκατέρῳ δὲ τῶν ἱερῶν οἴκημά τε καὶ ἐν τῷ οἰκήματί ἐστιν ἐπὶ βωμοῦ τέφρα· For the Lydians called "Persians" have sanctuaries in a city named Hierocaesareia and in Hypaepa; and in each of these temples there is a chamber, and in the chamber on an altar there is ash. Describes local sanctuaries and their features; geographical/antiquarian rather than mythic or historical event.
5.27.5 3 other high χρόα δὲ οὐ κατὰ τέφραν ἐστὶν αὐτῇ τὴν ἄλλην. This ash, however, in its entire appearance is not like ordinary ash. Purely descriptive note about the appearance of the ash; no mythic or historical event.
5.27.6 1 other high ἐσελθὼν δὲ ἐς τὸ οἴκημα ἀνὴρ μάγος καὶ ξύλα ἐπιφορήσας αὖα ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν πρῶτα μὲν τιάραν ἐπέθετο ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ, δεύτερα δὲ ἐπίκλησιν ὅτου δὴ θεῶν ἐπᾴδει βάρβαρα καὶ οὐδαμῶς συνετὰ Ἕλλησιν· Entering the chamber, a magician brought dry sticks and placed them upon the altar; first he put a tiara upon his head, and then began to chant invocations to one of the gods—in a barbarous tongue entirely unintelligible to Greeks. Describes ritual action by a magician, with no mythic event or dated historical event.
5.27.6 2 other high ἐπᾴδει δὲ ἐπιλεγόμενος ἐκ βιβλίου· He recited the invocation, reading from a book. Describes a ritual recitation from a book; this is descriptive antiquarian material, not a mythic or historical event.
5.27.6 3 mythic high ἄνευ τε δὴ πυρὸς ἀνάγκη πᾶσα ἁφθῆναι τὰ ξύλα καὶ περιφανῆ φλόγα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐκλάμψαι. And immediately, without any fire, the sticks necessarily ignited, and a bright flame shone forth from them. Miraculous ignition without fire is a mythic event affecting the landscape/object.
5.27.7 1 other high τάδε μὲν ἐς τοσοῦτο ἡμῖν δεδηλώσθω· Let these remarks suffice to clarify the matter. A transition/closing remark with no mythic or historical event.
5.27.7 2 historical high ἔστι δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀναθήμασι τούτοις καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Φόρμις ἀνδρὶ ἀνθεστηκὼς πολεμίῳ, καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἑτέρῳ καὶ τρίτῳ γε αὖθις μάχεται. Among these dedications, Phormis himself is depicted standing against an enemy warrior, and immediately afterward he is shown battling a second, and yet again a third opponent. Describes a named dedicator shown on votive offerings; this is an antiquarian/art-historical description, not a mythic event.
5.27.7 3 other high γέγραπται δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις τὸν στρατιώτην μὲν τὸν μαχόμενον Φόρμιν εἶναι τὸν Μαινάλιον, τὸν δὲ ἀναθέντα Συρακόσιον Λυκόρταν· The inscription on these figures states that the soldier engaged in combat is Phormis of Maenalus, and that the dedicator is Lycurtas of Syracuse. An inscription identifying figures is antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical narrative.
5.27.7 4 historical medium δῆλα δὲ ὡς οὗτος ὁ Λυκόρτας κατὰ φιλίαν ἀναθείη τοῦ Φόρμιδος. Clearly, this Lycurtas set up the dedication out of friendship toward Phormis. An identified individual setting up a dedication is a historical/antiquarian note, not mythic.
5.27.7 5 other high τὰ δὲ ἀναθήματα τοῦ Λυκόρτα καλεῖται Φόρμιδος καὶ ταῦτα ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων. Indeed, although the dedications were made by Lycurtas, even the Greeks themselves call them "the dedications of Phormis." Antiquarian naming of dedications; no mythic or historical event is being described.
5.27.8 1 other high ὁ δὲ Ἑρμῆς ὁ τὸν κριὸν φέρων ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ καὶ ἐπικείμενος τῇ κεφαλῇ κυνῆν καὶ χιτῶνά τε καὶ χλαμύδα ἐνδεδυκὼς οὐ τῶν Φόρμιδος ἔτι ἀναθημάτων ἐστίν, ὑπὸ δὲ Ἀρκάδων τῶν ἐκ Φενεοῦ δέδοται τῷ θεῷ· The Hermes, who carries a ram beneath his arm and wears on his head a helmet, dressed in a tunic and cloak, is no longer among the votive offerings of Phormis; it was dedicated to the god by the Arcadians from Pheneus. Describes a votive statue and its dedicators, an antiquarian/art-historical note rather than a mythic or historical event.
5.27.8 2 other high Ὀνάταν δὲ τὸν Αἰγινήτην, σὺν δὲ αὐτῷ Καλλιτέλην ἐργάσασθαι λέγει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα, δοκεῖν δέ μοι τοῦ Ὀνάτα μαθητὴς ἢ παῖς ὁ Καλλιτέλης ἦν. The inscription states that it was made by Onatas the Aeginetan, and with him was Calliteles; it seems to me likely that Calliteles was a pupil or son of Onatas. An antiquarian note about an inscription and sculptor attribution, not a mythic or historical event.
5.27.8 3 other high οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Φενεατῶν ἀναθήματος ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἄγαλμα, κηρυκεῖον Ἑρμῆς ἔχων· ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Γλαυκίαν ἀναθεῖναι γένος Ῥηγῖνον, ποιῆσαι δὲ Κάλλωνα Ἠλεῖον. Not far from the Pheneatans' offering there is another statue of Hermes holding the herald's staff; according to the inscription upon it, Glaukias, a native of Rhegium, dedicated it, and it was sculpted by Callon of Elis. Describes a statue, inscription, dedicatory information, and sculptor; purely antiquarian/descriptive.
5.27.9 1 other high βοῶν δὲ τῶν χαλκῶν ὁ μὲν Κορκυραίων, ὁ δὲ ἀνάθημα Ἐρετριέων, τέχνη δὲ Ἐρετριέως ἐστὶ Φιλησίου · Of the bronze oxen, one was dedicated by the Corcyraeans, and the other is an offering of the Eretrians, wrought by Philesius of Eretria. Describes dedications of bronze oxen and their maker; antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical event.
5.27.9 2 other high καὶ ἀνθʼ ὅτου μὲν οἱ Κορκυραῖοι τόν τε ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ ἕτερον βοῦν ἐς Δελφοὺς ἀνέθεσαν, δηλώσει μοι τὰ ἐς Φωκέας τοῦ λόγου, Concerning the reason for which the Corcyraeans dedicated the ox at Olympia and another ox at Delphi, my account of the Phocaeans will make clear. A cross-reference to a later explanation of dedications; purely connective and explanatory, not an event.
5.27.9 3 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Ὀλυμπίασιν αὐτῶν ἀναθήματι συμβῆναι τοιόνδε ἤκουσα. But I have heard the following story about what happened concerning their dedication at Olympia. Introductory report of a story about a dedication at Olympia; no actual mythic or historical event is narrated.
5.27.10 1 other high παῖς μικρὸς ὑπὸ τούτῳ καθήμενος τῷ βοῒ ἐς τὸ κάτω νενευκὼς ἔπαιζεν· Under this ox, a small boy, seated and leaning downward, was playing. Simple descriptive detail of a statue or relief scene; no mythic or historical event.
5.27.10 2 mythic high ἀνασχὼν δὲ ἐξαίφνης τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγη τε αὐτὴν πρὸς τὸν χαλκὸν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος ἡμέραις ὕστερον ἀπέθανεν οὐ πολλαῖς. Suddenly raising his head, he struck it against the bronze, and from this wound he died not many days afterward. Describes a divine or supernatural punishment/injury leading to death, tied to mythic narrative rather than historical fact.
5.27.10 3 mythic medium Ἠλεῖοι μὲν δὴ τὸν βοῦν ἅτε αἵματι ἔνοχον ἐβουλεύοντο ἐκκομίσαι τῆς Ἄλτεως· The Eleans, considering the ox defiled with blood-guilt, intended to remove it from the Altis. Blood-guilt and ritual pollution attached to a sacrificial animal belong to mythic/religious narrative rather than historical reportage.
5.27.10 4 other high ὁ δὲ σφᾶς ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν Δελφοῖς κατὰ χώραν ἐᾶν τὸ ἀνάθημα καθάρσια ἔχρα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ποιησαμένους, ὁπόσα Ἕλληνες ἐπὶ ἀκουσίῳ φόνῳ νομίζουσιν. But the god at Delphi instructed them to leave the dedication in its place and to perform upon it the rites of purification customary among Greeks for involuntary homicide. Delphic instruction about ritual purification is religious/antiquarian, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
5.27.11 1 historical high ἔστι δὲ ὑπὸ ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει πλατάνοις κατὰ μέσον μάλιστά που τὸν περίβολον τρόπαιον χαλκοῦν καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τοῦ τροπαίου τῇ ἀσπίδι, Ἠλείους ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀναστῆσαι. There is beneath the plane trees in the Altis, almost precisely in the center of the enclosure, a bronze trophy, and upon the shield of this trophy is an inscription stating that the Eleans set it up as a dedication from their victory over the Lacedaemonians. The trophy commemorates a victory over the Lacedaemonians, a post-mythic historical event.
5.27.11 2 historical high ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐπέλαβεν ἐκεῖνον ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν, ὃς τοῦ Ἡραίου τῆς ὀροφῆς κατʼ ἐμὲ ἀνασκευαζομένης ἐνταῦθα ὁμοῦ τοῖς ὅπλοις εὑρέθη κείμενος. During this same battle, the man was overtaken by death who was later discovered, armed and still lying in this place, at the time when, as I have already mentioned, the roof of the Heraion was undergoing repairs. Refers to a battle and a man dying in it, with later remains found at the Heraion; this is a historical event and its landscape impact.
5.27.12 1 other high τῶν δὲ ἐν Θρᾴκῃ Μενδαίων τὸ ἀνάθημα ἐγγύτατα ἀφίκετο ἀπατῆσαί με ὡς ἀνδρὸς εἰκὼν εἴη πεντάθλου· καὶ κεῖται μὲν παρὰ τὸν Ἠλεῖον Ἀναυχίδαν, ἔχει δὲ ἁλτῆρας ἀρχαίους. Of the offerings, the one dedicated by the Mendaeans in Thrace came closest to deceiving me into believing that it was an athlete's statue of a pentathlete; it stands near that of Anauchidas of Elis, and holds ancient jumping weights in its hands. Describes a dedicatory object and its appearance/location, with no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
5.27.12 2 other high ἐλεγεῖον δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτὸ γεγραμμένον ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τοῦ μηροῦ· An elegiac inscription is written upon its thigh: Describes an inscription on an object; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not an event.
5.27.12 3 historical high Ζηνὶ θεῶν βασιλεῖ μʼ ἀκροθίνιον ἐνθάδʼ ἔθηκαν Μενδαῖοι, Σίπτην χερσὶ βιασσάμενοι. "To Zeus, king of the gods, the Mendaeans placed me here as a choice offering, Having subdued Sipte by force of arms." Refers to a dedicatory offering by the Mendaeans after subduing Sipte by force of arms, an event in the historical sphere.
5.27.12 4 other high τὸ μὲν δὴ Θρᾴκιόν τι εἶναι τεῖχος καὶ πόλις ἔοικεν, ἡ Σίπτη· Sipte appears to have been a fortress and a city in Thrace; the Mendaeans themselves are of Greek descent and originated from Ionia. Descriptive identification of a place as a fortress and city in Thrace; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
5.27.12 5 other high Μενδαίοις δὲ αὐτοῖς γένος τε Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰωνίας ἐστίν, οἰκοῦσι δὲ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω τῆς πρὸς Αἴνῳ πόλει. They live inland from the sea near the city of Ainos. Purely geographical location information about where the Mendaeans live.