Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 6.7

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6.7.1 1 other high ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐς τοσοῦτο εἰρήσθω· Let this suffice as regards these matters. Formulaic transition sentence with no mythic or historical content.
6.7.1 2 other high μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἀνδριάντα τοῦ Εὐθύμου Πύθαρχός τε ἕστηκε Μαντινεὺς σταδιοδρόμος καὶ πύκτης Ἠλεῖος Χαρμίδης, λαβόντες νίκας ἐπὶ παισί. After the statue of Euthymus, there stands Pytharchus of Mantinea, a runner in the stadion, and Charmides of Elis, a boxer; both had won victories as boys. Purely descriptive identification of statues and athletic victors; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
6.7.1 3 historical high θεασάμενος δὲ καὶ τούτους ἐπὶ τῶν Ῥοδίων ἀθλητῶν ἀφίξῃ τὰς εἰκόνας, Διαγόραν καὶ τὸ ἐκείνου γένος· After observing these figures, you reach the images of the Rhodian athletes, Diagoras and his family. References the Rhodian athletes Diagoras and his family, a post-mythic historical display of athletic figures.
6.7.1 4 historical high οἱ δὲ συνεχεῖς τε ἀλλήλοις καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ τοιῷδε ἀνέκειντο, Ἀκουσίλαος μὲν λαβὼν πυγμῆς ἐν ἀνδράσι στέφανον, Δωριεὺς δὲ ὁ νεώτατος παγκρατίῳ νικήσας Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἐφεξῆς τρισί. They are placed together in a continuous group, in the following order: Acusilaus, who gained a crown in boxing among men, and next the youngest, Dorieus, who won the pankration at Olympia three consecutive times. Lists athletic victories of named individuals at Olympia, a post-mythic historical/antiquarian record.
6.7.1 5 historical high πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τοῦ Δωριέως ἐκράτησε καὶ Δαμάγητος τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐς τὸ παγκράτιον. Even before Dorieus, Damagetus had also triumphed over all who entered the pankration. Records an athletic victor before Dorieus; this is post-mythic historical/antiquarian material.
6.7.2 1 historical high οὗτοι μὲν ἀδελφοί τέ εἰσι καὶ Διαγόρου παῖδες, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς κεῖται καὶ ὁ Διαγόρας, πυγμῆς ἐν ἀνδράσιν ἀνελόμενος νίκην· These men are brothers, sons of Diagoras, and upon them stands Diagoras himself, who gained victory in boxing among men. Refers to Diagoras and his boxing victory, an attested historical athletic achievement.
6.7.2 2 other high τοῦ Διαγόρου δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα Μεγαρεὺς εἰργάσατο Καλλικλῆς Θεοκόσμου τοῦ ποιήσαντος τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐν Μεγάροις τοῦ Διός. The statue of Diagoras was made by Kallikles the Megarian, son of Theokosmos, who also fashioned the statue of Zeus at Megara. An antiquarian note identifying the maker of a statue; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
6.7.2 3 historical high Διαγόρου δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν θυγατέρων παῖδες πύξ τε ἤσκησαν καὶ ἔσχον Ὀλυμπικὰς νίκας, ἐν μὲν ἀνδράσιν Εὐκλῆς Καλλιάνακτός τε ὢν καὶ Καλλιπατείρας τῆς Διαγόρου, Πεισίροδος δὲ ἐν παισίν, ὃν ἡ μήτηρ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιθεμένη γυμναστοῦ σχῆμα ἐπὶ τῶν Ὀλυμπίων αὐτὴ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἤγαγεν· The sons of Diagoras’ daughters also trained in boxing and achieved Olympic victories: Eukles, son of Kallianax and Callipateira, daughter of Diagoras, among men; and Peisirodus among boys, whose mother herself accompanied him to Olympia disguised as a male trainer and attended the contest. Records Olympic victors and a later historical anecdote about Callipateira attending in disguise; both concern historical athletic events, not myth.
6.7.3 1 other high οὗτος δὲ ὁ Πεισίροδος καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει παρὰ τῆς μητρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἕστηκε. This same Peisirodos stands also in the Altis near his father, dedicated there by his mother. A monument/statue in the Altis is described; this is descriptive and antiquarian, not mythic or historical narrative.
6.7.3 2 historical high Διαγόραν δὲ καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς παισὶν Ἀκουσιλάῳ καὶ Δαμαγήτῳ λέγουσιν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἐλθεῖν· They say that Diagoras came to Olympia accompanied by his sons, Akousilaos and Damagetos. Mentions Diagoras and his sons coming to Olympia, a post-500 BC athletic/historical notice rather than myth or geography.
6.7.3 3 historical medium νικήσαντες δὲ οἱ νεανίσκοι διὰ τῆς πανηγύρεως τὸν πατέρα ἔφερον βαλλόμενόν τε ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἄνθεσι καὶ εὐδαίμονα ἐπὶ τοῖς παισὶ καλούμενον. After the young men achieved victory, they carried their father through the assembly, and the Greeks showered him with flowers, calling him blessed for his sons' triumph. Celebratory public victory scene tied to human athletic success and civic festival, not mythic narrative.
6.7.3 4 mythic high γένος δὲ ὁ Διαγόρας τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Μεσσήνιος πρὸς γυναικῶν ἦν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀριστομένους ἐγεγόνει θυγατρός. By descent Diagoras was originally of Messenian stock on his mother's side, being descended from a daughter of Aristomenes. Genealogy traces descent from Aristomenes, a legendary Messenian hero, so this is mythic ancestry.
6.7.4 1 historical high Δωριεῖ δὲ τῷ Διαγόρου παρὲξ ἢ Ὀλυμπίασιν Ἰσθμίων μὲν γεγόνασιν ὀκτὼ νῖκαι, Νεμείων δὲ ἀποδέουσαι μιᾶς ἐς τὰς ὀκτώ· Dorieus, the son of Diagoras, besides his Olympian victory, won eight victories at the Isthmian games, and at the Nemean games he had seven victories, one short of eight. Reports athletic victories of Dorieus at Panhellenic games, a post-mythic historical notice.
6.7.4 2 historical high λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Πύθια ἀνέλοιτο ἀκονιτί. It is also said that he gained a victory in the Pythian games without competition. A victory in the Pythian games is a historical athletic event, not a mythic one.
6.7.4 3 historical high ἀνηγορεύοντο δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὁ Πεισίροδος Θούριοι, διωχθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιστασιωτῶν ἐκ τῆς Ῥόδου καὶ ἐς Ἰταλίαν παρὰ Θουρίους ἀπελθόντες. He and Peisirodus, both of Thurii, were announced as such because they had been driven from Rhodes by their political opponents and had gone to Thurii in Italy. Refers to named individuals and their exile/migration after political conflict, a post-mythic historical event.
6.7.4 4 historical high χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατῆλθεν ὁ Δωριεὺς ἐς Ῥόδον· καὶ φανερώτατα δὴ ἁπάντων ἀνὴρ εἷς φρονήσας οὗτος τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων φαίνεται, ὥστε καὶ ἐναυμάχησεν ἐναντία Ἀθηναίων ναυσὶν οἰκείαις, ἐς ὃ τριήρων ἁλοὺς Ἀττικῶν ἀνήχθη ζῶν παρὰ Ἀθηναίους. Later, after some time had passed, Dorieus returned to Rhodes, and of all men he appears most clearly to have shown great loyalty toward the Spartans, so much so that he even fought at sea with his own ships against the Athenians, until, captured by Attic triremes, he was brought alive to Athens. Refers to Dorieus, Spartans, and fighting the Athenians at sea; this is a historical person/action after the mythic age.
6.7.5 1 historical high οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι πρὶν μὲν ἢ Δωριέα παρὰ σφᾶς ἀναχθῆναι θυμῷ τε ἐς αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπειλαῖς ἐχρῶντο· Before Dorieus was brought before them, the Athenians were filled with anger and threats against him. Refers to the Athenians and Dorieus in a concrete human conflict, not a mythic event; it is historical narrative.
6.7.5 2 historical high ὡς δὲ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν συνελθόντες ἄνδρα οὕτω μέγαν καὶ δόξης ἐς τοσοῦτο ἥκοντα ἐθεάσαντο ἐν σχήματι αἰχμαλώτου, μεταπίπτει σφίσιν ἐς αὐτὸν ἡ γνώμη καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἀφιᾶσιν οὐδὲ ἔργον οὐδὲν ἄχαρι ἐργάζονται, παρόν σφισι πολλά τε καὶ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ δρᾶσαι. But when they assembled in the assembly and saw a man so great, whose reputation had reached such heights, reduced to the state of a prisoner, their opinion toward him changed: they let him depart and committed no harsh act, although many lawful actions were in their power. Describes an assembly deciding the fate of a great man in prisoner status; this is a historical/political event, not mythic or merely descriptive.
6.7.6 1 historical medium τὰ δὲ ἐς τοῦ Δωριέως τὴν τελευτήν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ τῇ Ἀτθίδι Ἀνδροτίωνι εἰρημένα. The events surrounding the death of Dorieus are recorded in the Attic History by Androtion. References the death of Dorieus as reported by a historical writer, placing it in the historical/antiquarian sphere rather than myth.
6.7.6 2 historical high εἶναι μὲν τηνικαῦτα ἐν Καύνῳ τὸ βασιλέως ναυτικὸν καὶ Κόνωνα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ στρατηγόν. He writes that at that time the Persian king's fleet was at Caunus, and Conon was its commander. Refers to the Persian king's fleet and Conon, a late 5th-century BC historical context.
6.7.6 3 historical high Ῥοδίων δὲ τὸν δῆμον πεισθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Κόνωνος ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων μεταβαλέσθαι σφᾶς ἐς τὴν βασιλέως καὶ Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίαν, Δωριέα δὲ ἀποδημεῖν μὲν τότε ἐκ Ῥόδου περὶ τὰ ἐντὸς Πελοποννήσου χωρία. He relates that the democratic party among the Rhodians was persuaded by Conon to abandon alliance with the Lacedaemonians and shift their support to the king and the Athenians, and that Dorieus was then abroad from Rhodes, traveling among the coastal lands within the Peloponnese. Mentions Conon, Rhodes, Lacedaemonians, and alliance politics, all of which are historical rather than mythic.
6.7.6 4 historical high συλληφθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν Λακεδαιμονίων αὐτὸν καὶ ἀναχθέντα ἐς Σπάρτην ἀδικεῖν τε ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καταγνωσθῆναι καὶ ἐπιβληθῆναί οἱ θάνατον ζημίαν. He was captured by the Lacedaemonians, taken back to Sparta, found guilty by them of wrongdoing, and sentenced to death. Refers to a specific punishment by the Lacedaemonians, an event of historical/political action rather than myth or description.
6.7.7 1 historical high εἰ δὲ τὸν ὄντα εἶπεν Ἀνδροτίων λόγον, ἐθέλειν μοι φαίνεται Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὸ ἴσον ἔτι Ἀθηναίοις καταστῆσαι, ὅτι καὶ Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Θράσυλλον καὶ τοὺς ἐν Ἀργινούσαις ὁμοῦ τῷ Θρασύλλῳ στρατηγήσαντας προπετείας ἐστὶν ἔγκλημα. But if Androtion has told the true story, it seems clear to me that the Lacedaemonians were eager to put themselves back on equal footing with the Athenians, since even the Athenians themselves accused Thrasyllus and those generals who served with him at Arginusae of reckless haste. Refers to Thrasyllus, Arginusae, and Lacedaemonians in a post-500 BC political/military context.
6.7.7 2 historical medium Διαγόρας μὲν δὴ καὶ τὸ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ γένος δόξης ἐς τοσοῦτο ἀφίκοντο· As for Diagoras himself and his descendants, they attained great renown. Refers to Diagoras and his descendants attaining renown, a post-mythic historical family reputation rather than a mythic event or geography.
6.7.8 1 historical high ἐγένοντο δὲ καὶ Ἀλκαινέτῳ τῷ Θεάντου Λεπρεάτῃ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς παισὶν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι. Alcainetos, son of Theantos, a man from Lepreum, himself achieved Olympic victories, as did his sons. Olympic victories are historical athletic achievements, not mythic or descriptive geography.
6.7.8 2 historical high αὐτὸς μέν γε πυκτεύων ὁ Ἀλκαίνετος ἔν τε ἀνδράσι καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ἐπεκράτησεν ἐν παισίν· Alcainetos was victorious in boxing among the men and had previously prevailed as a boy. Records an athletic victory of Alcainetos, a post-mythic historical achievement.
6.7.8 3 historical high Ἑλλάνικον δὲ τὸν Ἀλκαινέτου καὶ Θέαντον ἐπὶ πυγμῇ παίδων ἀναγορευθῆναι τὸν μὲν ἐνάτῃ πρὸς ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι, τὸν δὲ τῇ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ συνέβη τὸν Θέαντον· Hellanicus and Theantos, sons of Alcainetos, were proclaimed victors in boys' boxing, the former in the eighty-ninth Olympiad, and the latter in the subsequent Olympiad. Records Olympic victors in a datable historical context after 500 BC.
6.7.8 4 other high καί σφισιν ἀνδριάντες ἅπασιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κεῖνται. Statues of all these men stand in Olympia. Describes existing statues in Olympia, a descriptive/antiquarian statement rather than a mythic or historical event.
6.7.9 1 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἀλκαινέτου τοῖς υἱοῖς Γνάθων τε Διπαιεὺς τῆς Μαιναλέων χώρας καὶ Λυκῖνος ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος· Beside the sons of Alcainetos stand Gnathon, from Dipaia in the territory of Maenalus, and Lycinos, an Elean; Identifies people and their places of origin; purely descriptive/antiquarian.
6.7.9 2 historical high κρατῆσαι δὲ Ὀλυμπίασι πυγμῇ παῖδας ὑπῆρξε καὶ τούτοις. these two also achieved victories at Olympia in boys' boxing contests. Olympic victories are historical athletic achievements, not mythic or purely descriptive.
6.7.9 3 other high Γνάθωνα δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα, ὅτε ἐνίκησεν, εἶναι νέον τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησί· An epigram composed about Gnathon says that he was particularly young when he won his victory. An epigram about Gnathon’s age at victory is antiquarian/biographical, not mythic or historical narrative.
6.7.9 4 other high Καλλικλέους δὲ τοῦ Μεγαρέως ποίημα ὁ ἀνδριάς ἐστιν. The statue of Gnathon is the work of Kallikles of Megara. An antiquarian note identifying the statue's maker, not a mythic or historical event.
6.7.10 1 historical high ἀνὴρ δὲ ἐκ Στυμφήλου Δρομεὺς ὄνομα, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔργον τοῦτο ἐπὶ δολίχῳ παρεσχημένος, δύο μὲν ἔσχεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκας, τοσαύτας δὲ ἄλλας Πυθοῖ καὶ Ἰσθμίων τε τρεῖς καὶ ἐν Νεμέᾳ πέντε. A man from Stymphalos named Dromeus, whose very name, Dromeus ("Runner"), matched his accomplishment in the long-distance race, won two victories at Olympia, the same number at Pytho, three at the Isthmian games, and five at Nemea. Reports an athlete's victories in panhellenic games, a post-500 BC historical figure/event rather than myth or landscape lore.
6.7.10 2 other high λέγεται δὲ ὡς καὶ κρέας ἐσθίειν ἐπινοήσειε· τέως δὲ τοῖς ἀθληταῖς σιτία τυρὸν ἐκ τῶν ταλάρων εἶναι. It is said that he was also the first to think of eating meat; previously, athletes relied on cheese from baskets for their nourishment. An antiquarian note about early athletic diet and the introduction of meat, not a specific mythic or historical event.
6.7.10 3 historical high τούτου μὲν δὴ Πυθαγόρας τὴν εἰκόνα, τὴν δὲ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ, πένταθλον Ἠλεῖον Πυθοκλέα, Πολύκλειτός ἐστιν εἰργασμένος. His statue was made by Pythagoras, while the one next to it, representing the Elean pentathlete Pythocles, was crafted by Polycleitus. Identifies named sculptors and a pentathlete statue; this is antiquarian/art-historical, not mythic.