Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 7.4

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.4.1 1 other high αἱ δὲ ἐν ταῖς νήσοις εἰσὶν Ἰώνων πόλεις Σάμος ἡ ὑπὲρ Μυκάλης καὶ Χίος ἡ ἀπαντικρὺ τοῦ Μίμαντος. The Ionian cities situated on the islands are Samos, which lies opposite Mycale, and Chios, which is directly across from Mount Mimas. Purely geographical identification of Ionian island cities and their positions relative to landmarks.
7.4.1 2 mythic high Ἄσιος δὲ ὁ Ἀμφιπτολέμου Σάμιος ἐποίησεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὡς Φοίνικι ἐκ Περιμήδης τῆς Οἰνέως γένοιτο Ἀστυπάλαια καὶ Εὐρώπη, Ποσειδῶνος δὲ καὶ Ἀστυπαλαίας εἶναι παῖδα Ἀγκαῖον, βασιλεύειν δὲ αὐτὸν τῶν καλουμένων Λελέγων· Now, Asius, son of Amphiptolemus, a poet from Samos, in his verses stated that Astypalaea and Europa were daughters of Phoenix by Perimede, the daughter of Oeneus; from the union of Poseidon with Astypalaea was born Ancaeus, who ruled over the people known as the Leleges. Genealogy of Phoenix, Astypalaea, Europa, Poseidon, and Ancaeus is mythic material.
7.4.1 3 mythic high Ἀγκαίῳ δὲ τὴν θυγατέρα τοῦ ποταμοῦ λαβόντι τοῦ Μαιάνδρου Σαμίαν γενέσθαι Περίλαον καὶ Ἔνουδον καὶ Σάμον καὶ Ἀλιθέρσην καὶ θυγατέρα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Παρθενόπην, Παρθενόπης δὲ τῆς Ἀγκαίου καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος Λυκομήδην γενέσθαι. Ancaeus, after taking as wife Samia, the daughter of the river Maeander, fathered Perilaus, Enudus, Samos, Alitherses, and a daughter named Parthenope by her; and from Parthenope, daughter of Ancaeus, and Apollo was born Lycomedes. Genealogy involving river god Maeander, Ancaeus, Apollo, and their offspring is mythic.
7.4.2 1 other high Ἄσιος μὲν ἐς τοσοῦτο ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ἐδήλωσε· Asius made this much known in his verses. This is a literary/antiquarian remark about what Asius says in verse, not a mythic event or a historical event.
7.4.2 2 historical high τότε δὲ οἱ τὴν νῆσον οἰκοῦντες ἀνάγκῃ πλέον ἐδέξαντο ἢ εὐνοίᾳ συνοίκους Ἴωνας. But at that time, the inhabitants of the island received the Ionians as settlers rather through compulsion than out of goodwill. Refers to the settlement of Ionians on the island, a post-mythic historical population event.
7.4.2 3 mythic high ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἦν τοῖς Ἴωσι Προκλῆς ὁ Πιτυρέως, αὐτός τε Ἐπιδαύριος καὶ Ἐπιδαυρίους ἦν τὸ πολὺ ἄγων, οἳ ὑπὸ Δηιφόντου καὶ Ἀργείων ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαυρίας ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν· Leading the Ionians was Procles, son of Pityreus, himself an Epidaurian who for the most part brought Epidaurians with him, men who had been driven from Epidauria by Deiphontes and the Argives. Narrates the legendary migration of Ionian leaders and the expulsion of Epidaurians by Deiphontes, a mythic/heroic tradition affecting settlement origins.
7.4.2 4 mythic high τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ γένος ἦν ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου. Procles traced his ancestry back to Ion, the son of Xuthus. Genealogy back to Ion, a mythic ancestor, so this is mythic lineage.
7.4.2 5 historical high Ἄνδροκλος δὲ καὶ Ἐφέσιοι στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Λεώγορον τὸν Προκλέους, βασιλεύοντα μετὰ τὸν πατέρα ἐν Σάμῳ, καὶ μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς νήσου Σαμίους· Later, Androclus and the Ephesians marched against Leogorus, the son of Procles, who at that time ruled in Samos after his father, and, defeating him in battle, expelled the Samians from the island. Describes an expulsion and battle involving named rulers and settlers, a post-mythic historical event affecting the island's population.
7.4.2 6 historical medium αἰτίαν δὲ ἐπέφερον μετὰ Καρῶν σφᾶς ἐπιβουλεύειν Ἴωσι. They accused the Samians of plotting together with the Carians against the Ionians. An accusation of plotting by Samians and Carians is a historical-political statement, not mythic or purely descriptive.
7.4.3 1 historical medium Σαμίων δὲ τῶν φευγόντων οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ Θρᾴκῃ νῆσον ᾤκησαν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων τῆς ἐνοικήσεως Σαμοθρᾴκην τὴν νῆσον καλοῦσιν ἀντὶ Δαρδανίας· Of the fleeing Samians, some inhabited an island off Thrace, and owing to their settlement there, the island is called Samothrace instead of Dardania. Explains a later settlement and place-name change from an historical migration, not a mythic event.
7.4.3 2 historical high οἱ δὲ ὁμοῦ Λεωγόρῳ περὶ Ἀναίαν τὴν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ τῇ πέραν βαλόμενοι τεῖχος, δέκα ἔτεσιν ὕστερον διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ τούς τε Ἐφεσίους ἐκβάλλουσι καὶ ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν νῆσον. Others, under Leogoras, established themselves around Anaia, a site on the mainland opposite; and after ten years, crossing back to Samos, they expelled the Ephesians and recovered their island. Describes a conflict and recovery involving named historical groups and a dated interval of ten years, not a mythic event.
7.4.4 1 mythic high τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Σάμῳ τῆς Ἥρας εἰσὶν οἳ ἱδρύσασθαί φασι τοὺς ἐν τῇ Ἀργοῖ πλέοντας, ἐπάγεσθαι δὲ αὐτοὺς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐξ Ἄργους· As for the temple of Hera on Samos, there are those who say that it was founded by the men who sailed aboard the Argo, and that they brought the cult-statue there from Argos. The Argonauts and the cult-statue’s transfer from Argos are mythic foundation traditions affecting the sanctuary's origin.
7.4.4 2 mythic high Σάμιοι δὲ αὐτοὶ τεχθῆναι νομίζουσιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τὴν θεὸν παρὰ τῷ Ἰμβράσῳ ποταμῷ καὶ ὑπὸ τῇ λύγῳ τῇ ἐν τῷ Ἡραίῳ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι πεφυκυίᾳ. The Samians themselves, though, believe the goddess was born on the island, by the river Imbrasus, beneath the willow-tree which still grew within the temple precinct in my own time. Birth of a goddess is a mythic event and the sentence locates it in the landscape.
7.4.4 3 other high εἶναι δʼ οὖν τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα ἀρχαῖον ὃ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἄν τις καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀγάλματι τεκμαίροιτο· ἔστι γὰρ δὴ ἀνδρὸς ἔργον Αἰγινήτου Σμίλιδος τοῦ Εὐκλείδου. Now, this sanctuary is indeed among the oldest, as one may particularly infer from the statue, since it is a work of Smilis of Aegina, son of Eucleides. Describes the sanctuary’s antiquity and identifies the statue’s maker; this is antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical.
7.4.4 4 other high οὗτος ὁ Σμῖλίς ἐστιν ἡλικίαν κατὰ Δαίδαλον, δόξης δὲ οὐκ ἐς τὸ ἴσον ἀφίκετο· This Smilis was contemporary with Daedalus, though he did not attain to the same renown. A dating note about Smilis and Daedalus; antiquarian biographical information rather than a mythic event or historical event after 500 BC.
7.4.5 1 mythic high Δαιδάλῳ μὲν γὰρ γένους τε Ἀθήνῃσιν ὑπῆρχεν εἶναι τοῦ βασιλικοῦ τῶν καλουμένων Μητιονιδῶν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῇ τέχνῃ τῆς πλάνης τε ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς συμφοραῖς ἐπιφανέστερος ἐγένετο ἐς ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους. For Daedalus was by birth an Athenian, belonging to the royal family called the Metionidae, and through his skill, as well as through his wanderings and misfortunes, he became particularly renowned among all people. Daedalus is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns his legendary identity and renown.
7.4.5 2 mythic high ἀποκτείνας μὲν ἀδελφῆς παῖδα καὶ ἐπιστάμενος τὰ οἴκοι νόμιμα ἑκουσίως παρὰ Μίνω ἔφυγεν ἐς Κρήτην, καὶ αὐτῷ τε ἀγάλματα Μίνῳ καὶ τοῦ Μίνω ταῖς θυγατράσιν ἐποίησε, καθότι καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐδήλωσε· After killing his sister's son, and fully aware of the laws of his native land, he voluntarily fled to Crete to Minos, and there he made statues both for Minos himself and for the daughters of Minos, as Homer also indicates in the Iliad. The sentence concerns a mythic figure’s killing, exile to Crete, and statues of Minos and his daughters linked to Homeric myth.
7.4.6 1 mythic high καταγνωσθεὶς δὲ ἀδικεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Μίνω καὶ ἐς δεσμωτήριον ὁμοῦ τῷ παιδὶ ἐμβληθεὶς ἐκδιδράσκει τε ἐκ Κρήτης καὶ ἐς Ἴνυκον Σικελῶν πόλιν ἀφικνεῖται παρὰ Κώκαλον, καὶ πολέμου παρέσχε τοῖς Σικελοῖς αἰτίαν πρὸς τοὺς Κρῆτας, ὅτι ἐξαιτοῦντος Μίνω μὴ πρόοιτο αὐτὸν ὁ Κώκαλος· Condemned by Minos for wrongdoing and thrown into prison along with his son, Daedalus escaped from Crete and arrived at the Sicilian city of Inycus, at the court of Cocalus. This event provided the Sicilians a cause for war against the Cretans, since Cocalus refused to surrender Daedalus despite Minos' demands. Daedalus, Minos, Cocalus, and the Cretan-Sicilian war are all part of mythic narrative and its impact on the landscape/political memory.
7.4.6 2 mythic high καὶ ἐς τοσοῦτο ὑπὸ τοῦ Κωκάλου τῶν θυγατέρων ἐσπουδάσθη κατὰ τὴν τέχνην, ὡς καὶ θάνατον τῷ Μίνῳ βουλεῦσαι τὰς γυναῖκας ἐς χάριν Δαιδάλου. Daedalus became so highly esteemed among Cocalus' daughters because of his skill that, in gratitude to him, these women even plotted Minos' death. Daedalus, Cocalus' daughters, and Minos belong to mythic narrative.
7.4.7 1 mythic high δῆλά τε ὡς ἀνὰ πᾶσαν μὲν τὴν Σικελίαν, ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὲ καὶ Ἰταλίας ἀφίκετο τοῦ Δαιδάλου τὸ ὄνομα. It is clear that the fame of Daedalus spread throughout all Sicily and extended even into a significant portion of Italy. Daedalus is a mythic figure, and the sentence describes the spread of his fame across the landscape.
7.4.7 2 other high ὁ δὲ Σμῖλις, ὅτι μὴ παρὰ Σαμίους καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἠλείαν, παρʼ ἄλλους γε οὐδένας φανερός ἐστιν ἀποδημήσας· Smilis, however, is not recorded to have traveled abroad except among the Samians and into Elis; nowhere else is it evident he journeyed. Purely biographical/antiquarian note about Smilis’s travels, with no mythic event or historical event after 500 BC.
7.4.7 3 other high ἐς τούτους δὲ ἀφίκετο, καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐν Σάμῳ τῆς Ἥρας ὁ ποιήσας ἐστὶν οὗτος. Yet he did arrive among these peoples, and he is the artist who crafted the statue of Hera in Samos. Identifies the maker of a cult statue and gives location; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
7.4.8 1 mythic high Ἴωνι δὲ τῷ ποιήσαντι τραγῳδίαν ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ τοιάδε εἰρημένα, Ποσειδῶνα ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἔρημον οὖσαν ἀφικέσθαι καὶ νύμφῃ τε ἐνταῦθα συγγενέσθαι καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς ὠδῖνας τῆς νύμφης χιόνα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ πεσεῖν ἐς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου Ποσειδῶνα τῷ παιδὶ ὄνομα θέσθαι Χίον· In the work of Ion, who composed tragedies, it is said as follows: Poseidon came to the island when it was still uninhabited, and there lay with a nymph. Poseidon’s arrival on an uninhabited island and union with a nymph are mythic etiological events.
7.4.8 2 mythic high συγγενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ ἑτέρᾳ νύμφῃ, καὶ γενέσθαι οἱ παῖδας Ἄγελόν τε καὶ Μέλανα· At the time of her childbirth, snow fell from heaven onto the earth, and for this reason Poseidon gave their child the name Chios. Poseidon naming the child and the childbirth omen are mythic elements.
7.4.8 3 mythic high ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ καὶ Οἰνοπίωνα ἐς τὴν Χίον κατᾶραι ναυσὶν ἐκ Κρήτης, ἕπεσθαι δέ οἱ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας Τάλον καὶ Εὐάνθην καὶ Μέλανα καὶ Σάλαγόν τε καὶ Ἀθάμαντα. He also lay with another nymph, who bore him two sons, Agelos and Melas. Mythic genealogy and travel of Oinopion and his sons from Crete to Chios.
7.4.9 1 mythic high ἀφίκοντο δὲ καὶ Κᾶρες ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἐπὶ τῆς Οἰνοπίωνος βασιλείας καὶ Ἄβαντες ἐξ Εὐβοίας. During the reign of Oenopion, the Carians also arrived on the island, along with the Abantes from Euboea. Placed in the reign of Oenopion, a mythic figure; the arrival of peoples is part of legendary settlement narrative.
7.4.9 2 historical high Οἰνοπίωνος δὲ καὶ τῶν παίδων ἔλαβεν ὕστερον Ἄμφικλος τὴν ἀρχήν· Later, Amphiclus assumed rule after Oenopion and his sons. Succession of rule after named figures; this is dynastic/archaic history rather than mythic narrative.
7.4.9 3 other high ἀφίκετο δὲ ἐξ Ἱστιαίας ὁ Ἄμφικλος τῆς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν. This Amphiclus had come from Histiaea in Euboea, guided by an oracle from Delphi. A travel/origin note about Amphiclus coming from Histiaea by oracle guidance; it is descriptive and antiquarian, not a narrated mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
7.4.9 4 historical medium Ἕκτωρ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀμφίκλου τετάρτῃ γενεᾷ--- βασιλείαν γὰρ ἔσχε καὶ οὗτος---ἐπολέμησεν Ἀβάντων καὶ Καρῶν τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, τοὺς δὲ ἀπελθεῖν ἠνάγκασεν ὑποσπόνδους. Hector, who belonged to the fourth generation after Amphiclus, also had the kingship; he went to war against the Abantes and the Carians who inhabited the island, killing some in battle and compelling others to leave under treaty. Genealogical king list and warfare on an island population are treated as semi-historical local history rather than mythic action.
7.4.10 1 mythic high γενομένης δὲ ἀπαλλαγῆς πολέμου Χίοις, ἀφικέσθαι τηνικαῦτα ἐς μνήμην Ἕκτορι ὡς σφᾶς καὶ Ἴωσι δέοι συνθύειν ἐς Πανιώνιον· After the Chians had been freed from war, Hector then remembered that they ought to join with the Ionians in common sacrifice at the Panionion. Refers to Hector and a divine/cultic foundation context, a mythic etiological account involving the Panionion.
7.4.10 2 other high τρίποδα δὲ ἆθλον λαβεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ ἀνδραγαθίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ κοινοῦ φησι τοῦ Ἰώνων. Ion says that Hector received a tripod from the Ionian league as a prize of valor. A prize from the Ionian league is an antiquarian/historical detail, not a mythic event or landscape transformation.
7.4.10 3 other high τοσαῦτα εἰρηκότα ἐς Χίους Ἴωνα εὕρισκον· οὐ μέντοι ἐκεῖνό γε εἴρηκε, καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν Χῖοι τελοῦσιν ἐς Ἴωνας. These things I found related by Ion concerning the Chians; yet he has not explained the specific reason why the Chians pay tribute to the Ionians. This is antiquarian/explanatory narration about Ion and the Chians' tribute, not a mythic event or historical event after 500 BC.