Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 8.42

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
8.42.1 1 mythic high τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τῶν ὀρῶν τὸ Ἐλάιον ἀπωτέρω μὲν Φιγαλίας ὅσον τε σταδίοις τριάκοντά ἐστι, Δήμητρος δὲ ἄντρον αὐτόθι ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Μελαίνης. The other mountain, Elaion, is about thirty stades distant from Phigalia; there is a cave there, sacred to Demeter surnamed Melaine ("the Black"). Sacred cave of Demeter Melaine is tied to a mythic cultic landscape.
8.42.1 2 mythic high ὅσα μὲν δὴ οἱ ἐν Θελπούσῃ λέγουσιν ἐς μῖξιν τὴν Ποσειδῶνός τε καὶ Δήμητρος, κατὰ ταὐτά σφισιν οἱ Φιγαλεῖς νομίζουσι, τεχθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς Δήμητρος οἱ Φιγαλεῖς φασιν οὐχ ἵππον ἀλλὰ τὴν Δέσποιναν ἐπονομαζομένην ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων· The Thelpusians' account concerning the union of Poseidon and Demeter is the same as that held by the Phigalians; however, the Phigalians assert that the offspring born to Demeter was not a horse but the goddess whom the Arcadians call Despoina ("the Mistress"). Refers to a divine union and the birth of a goddess, a mythic genealogy.
8.42.2 1 mythic high τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου λέγουσι θυμῷ τε ἅμα ἐς τὸν Ποσειδῶνα αὐτὴν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Περσεφόνης τῇ ἁρπαγῇ πένθει χρωμένην μέλαιναν ἐσθῆτα ἐνδῦναι καὶ ἐς τὸ σπήλαιον τοῦτο ἐλθοῦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἀπεῖναι πολύν. After this event, they say, in anger towards Poseidon and grief over the rape of Persephone, Demeter dressed herself in black clothing and departed into this cave, remaining absent there for a long period. Demeter’s grief over Persephone’s rape and retreat into the cave are mythic events affecting the landscape.
8.42.2 2 mythic high ὡς δὲ ἐφθείρετο μὲν πάντα ὅσα ἡ γῆ τρέφει, τὸ δὲ ἀνθρώπων γένος καὶ ἐς πλέον ἀπώλλυτο ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ, θεῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἠπίστατο ἄρα οὐδεὶς ἔνθα ἀπεκέκρυπτο ἡ Δημήτηρ, τὸν δὲ Πᾶνα ἐπιέναι μὲν Meanwhile, everything that grows upon the earth began to wither away, and the race of mankind especially suffered, perishing increasingly from the famine. The famine and withering of the earth are consequences of mythic divine action in the Demeter story.
8.42.3 1 mythic high τὴν Ἀρκαδίαν καὶ ἄλλοτε αὐτὸν ἐν ἄλλῳ θηρεύειν τῶν ὀρῶν, ἀφικόμενον δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὸ Ἐλάιον κατοπτεῦσαι τὴν Δήμητρα σχήματός τε ὡς εἶχε καὶ ἐσθῆτα ἐνεδέδυτο ποίαν· They say that Pan, at different times, hunted on various of the mountains in Arcadia, and having come also to Mount Elaion, he looked upon Demeter, noting the form she had assumed and the manner of garment she wore. Pan viewing Demeter is a mythic narrative and concerns a mythic event on the landscape.
8.42.3 2 mythic high πυθέσθαι δὴ τὸν Δία ταῦτα παρὰ τοῦ Πανὸς καὶ οὕτως ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πεμφθῆναι τὰς Μοίρας παρὰ τὴν Δήμητρα, Zeus, having learned these things from Pan, accordingly sent the Fates to Demeter. Zeus, Pan, the Fates, and Demeter are divine/mythic figures, and the sentence recounts a mythic action affecting the gods.
8.42.3 3 mythic high τὴν δὲ πεισθῆναί τε ταῖς Μοίραις καὶ ἀποθέσθαι μὲν τὴν ὀργήν, ὑφεῖναι δὲ καὶ τῆς λύπης. And she, persuading herself by the Fates’ message, laid aside her wrath and also began to diminish her grief. Refers to the Fates (Moirai), a mythic divine intervention affecting a person’s emotions.
8.42.3 4 mythic high σφᾶς δὲ ἀντὶ τούτων φασὶν οἱ Φιγαλεῖς τό τε σπήλαιον νομίσαι τοῦτο ἱερὸν Δήμητρος καὶ ἐς αὐτὸ ἄγαλμα ἀναθεῖναι ξύλου. In return for these events, say the Phigalians, they considered this cave sacred to Demeter, and dedicated within it a wooden statue to her. The cave’s sanctification is presented as a result of prior mythic events involving Demeter.
8.42.4 1 mythic high πεποιῆσθαι δὲ οὕτω σφίσι τὸ ἄγαλμα· καθέζεσθαι μὲν ἐπὶ πέτρᾳ, γυναικὶ δὲ ἐοικέναι τἄλλα πλὴν κεφαλήν· They say the image was made for them thus: it was seated upon a rock, and in all other respects it resembled a woman except for the head. Describes the form of a cult image in mythic/religious context, not a historical event.
8.42.4 2 other high κεφαλὴν δὲ καὶ κόμην εἶχεν ἵππου, καὶ δρακόντων τε καὶ ἄλλων θηρίων εἰκόνες προσεπεφύκεσαν τῇ κεφαλῇ· It had the head and mane of a horse, with images of snakes and other beasts growing out of the head. Purely descriptive physical appearance of a creature; no mythic or historical event.
8.42.4 3 other high χιτῶνα δὲ ἐνεδέδυτο καὶ ἐς ἄκρους τοὺς πόδας· δελφὶς δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς ἦν αὐτῇ, περιστερὰ δὲ ἡ ὄρνις ἐπὶ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ. It wore a tunic that reached down to its very feet, and in one hand it had a dolphin, while on the other hand there rested a dove. Describes an image/statue's clothing and attributes; purely descriptive, not an event.
8.42.4 4 other high ἐφʼ ὅτῳ μὲν δὴ τὸ ξόανον ἐποιήσαντο οὕτως, ἀνδρὶ οὐκ ἀσυνέτῳ γνώμην ἀγαθῷ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐς μνήμην δῆλά ἐστι· As to why the statue was made in such a fashion, this is clear to any intelligent man who is acquainted with traditions. A general antiquarian remark about traditions explaining a statue's form, not a specific mythic or historical event.
8.42.4 5 mythic high Μέλαιναν δὲ ἐπονομάσαι φασὶν αὐτήν, ὅτι καὶ ἡ θεὸς μέλαιναν τὴν ἐσθῆτα εἶχε. They say that they gave her the name Melaina ("the Black One") because the goddess wore black garments. Explains a divine epithet by reference to the goddess's black clothing, a mythic/religious attribution rather than a historical event.
8.42.5 1 other high τοῦτο μὲν δὴ τὸ ξόανον οὔτε ὅτου ποίημα ἦν οὔτε ἡ φλὸξ τρόπον ὅντινα ἐπέλαβεν αὐτό, μνημονεύουσιν· They do not record by whom the image was crafted, nor in precisely what manner the fire seized it. Describes uncertainty about the image's maker and the manner of its burning; antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
8.42.5 2 mythic high ἀφανισθέντος δὲ τοῦ ἀρχαίου Φιγαλεῖς οὔτε ἄγαλμα ἄλλο ἀπεδίδοσαν τῇ θεῷ καὶ ὁπόσα ἐς ἑορτὰς καὶ θυσίας τὰ πολλὰ δὴ παρῶπτό σφισιν, ἐς ὃ ἡ ἀκαρπία ἐπιλαμβάνει τὴν γῆν· Yet after the loss of the original image, the Phigalians neither consecrated another statue for the goddess nor continued diligently their customary rites relating to festivals and sacrifices—indeed, they largely neglected these too—until barrenness gripped their land. Neglect of a goddess's cult and ensuing barrenness are presented as the mythic consequence of impiety.
8.42.5 3 mythic high καὶ ἱκετεύσασιν αὐτοῖς χρᾷ τάδε ἡ Πυθία· When they sought aid, the Pythian priestess gave them this oracle: An oracle from the Pythia belongs to mythic/religious narrative rather than historical description.
8.42.6 1 mythic high Ἀρκάδες Ἀζᾶνες βαλανηφάγοι, οἳ Φιγάλειαν νάσσασθʼ, ἱππολεχοῦς Δῃοῦς κρυπτήριον ἄντρον, ἥκετε πευσόμενοι λιμοῦ λύσιν ἀλγινόεντος, μοῦνοι δὶς νομάδες, μοῦνοι πάλιν ἀγριοδαῖται. Arcadians, acorn-eating Azanes, who inhabit Phigaleia, the cave which hides horse-bed Demeter, you have come seeking a solution for your grievous famine. Alone are you twice nomads, alone again wild dwellers. Refers to Demeter's cave at Phigaleia and a famine caused/relieved within a mythic cultic context.
8.42.6 2 mythic high Δῃὼ μέν σε ἔπαυσε νομῆς, Δῃὼ δὲ νομῆας ἐκ δησισταχύων καὶ ἀναστοφάγων πάλι θῆκε, νοσφισθεῖσα γέρα προτέρων τιμάς τε παλαιάς. Demeter stopped you from pasturing, and Demeter once more made you pastoralists of grain-bound harvests and feasts returned, having been deprived of her former privileges and ancient honors. Refers to Demeter's divine action in stopping and restoring pastoral life, a mythic causation of landscape and human practice.
8.42.6 3 mythic high καί σʼ ἀλληλοφάγον θήσει τάχα καὶ τεκνοδαίτην, εἰ μὴ πανδήμοις λοιβαῖς χόλον ἱλάσσεσθε σήραγγός τε μυχὸν θείαις κοσμήσετε τιμαῖς. Soon she shall make you devour one another and feed upon your own children, unless you appease her wrath with communal libations and adorn the recess of her cave with holy rites. Refers to divine punishment and ritual appeasement, a mythic causal event rather than historical or purely descriptive material.
8.42.7 1 mythic high ὡς δὲ οἱ Φιγαλεῖς ἀνακομισθὲν τὸ μάντευμα ἤκουσαν, τά τε ἄλλα ἐς πλέον τιμῆς ἢ τὰ πρότερα τὴν Δήμητρα ἦγον καὶ Ὀνάταν τὸν Μίκωνος Αἰγινήτην πείθουσιν ἐφʼ ὅσῳ δὴ μισθῷ ποιῆσαί σφισιν ἄγαλμα Δήμητρος· When the Phigalians heard the response of the oracle that had been brought to them, they honored Demeter even more greatly than before, and persuaded Onatas, son of Micon, of Aegina, agreeing with him upon a certain sum as payment, to create for them an image of Demeter. The sentence concerns an oracle response and the commissioning of a cult image of Demeter, which belong to mythic/religious tradition rather than historical events after 500 BC.
8.42.7 2 other high τοῦ δὲ Ὀνάτα τούτου Περγαμηνοῖς ἐστιν Ἀπόλλων χαλκοῦς, θαῦμα ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μεγέθους τε ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ τέχνῃ. This same Onatas is the artist of a bronze Apollo at Pergamum, an extraordinary statue, admired particularly for its size and artistic merit. Describes a statue and its artistic qualities; antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
8.42.7 3 historical high τότε δὴ ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἀνευρὼν γραφὴν ἢ μίμημα τοῦ ἀρχαίου ξοάνου---τὰ πλείω δέ, ὡς λέγεται, καὶ κατὰ ὀνειράτων ὄψιν---ἐποίησε χαλκοῦν Φιγαλεῦσιν ἄγαλμα, γενεαῖς μάλιστα δυσὶν ὕστερον τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας τοῦ Μήδου. Thus at that time, having discovered a depiction or copy of the ancient wooden cult-image—though, it is said, relying mostly upon what he had seen in dreams—he made for the Phigalians a bronze statue, approximately two generations after the Persian invasion of Greece. The sentence dates the making of a bronze statue to about two generations after the Persian invasion, a post-500 BC historical event.
8.42.8 1 historical high μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι τῷ λόγῳ· κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ξέρξου διάβασιν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην Συρακουσῶν τε ἐτυράννει καὶ Σικελίας τῆς ἄλλης Γέλων ὁ Δεινομένους· My account is supported by evidence; for at the time of Xerxes' crossing into Europe, Gelon, son of Deinomenes, was ruling as tyrant over Syracuse and the rest of Sicily. Mentions Xerxes' crossing and Gelon's rule, both early 5th-century BCE historical events.
8.42.8 2 historical high ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Γέλων, ἐς Ἱέρωνα ἀδελφὸν Γέλωνος περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχή· When Gelon died, the sovereignty passed to his brother Hieron. Refers to the succession after Gelon's death, a post-500 BC historical political event.
8.42.8 3 historical high Ἱέρωνος δὲ ἀποθανόντος πρότερον πρὶν ἢ τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ Διὶ ἀναθεῖναι τὰ ἀναθήματα ἃ εὔξατο ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ταῖς νίκαις, οὕτω Δεινομένης ὁ Ἱέρωνος ἀπέδωκεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πατρός. However, Hieron died before he could dedicate to Olympian Zeus the votive offerings he had vowed in celebration of his victories with horses; thus Deinomenes, son of Hieron, made the dedication on behalf of his father. Refers to Hieron and his son Deinomenes making a dedication after Hieron's death; this is a historical action associated with votive offerings, not myth.
8.42.9 1 other high Ὀνάτα καὶ ταῦτα ποιήματα, καὶ ἐπιγράμματα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τὸ μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀναθήματός ἐστιν αὐτῶν, These also are works of Onatas, and inscriptions in Olympia; one of them, upon a dedication, runs thus: A descriptive, antiquarian sentence identifying artworks and an inscription in Olympia; no mythic or historical event.
8.42.9 2 historical high σόν ποτε νικήσας, Ζεῦ Ὀλύμπιε, σεμνὸν ἀγῶνα τεθρίππῳ μὲν ἅπαξ, μουνοκέλητι δὲ δίς, δῶρα Ἱέρων τάδε σοι ἐχαρίσσατο· "O Olympian Zeus, having once won your revered contest with his four-horse chariot, and twice with a single steed, Hieron presented to you these gifts; Refers to Hieron's dedications after his athletic victories, an event from the historical period and not mythic.
8.42.9 3 historical low παῖς δʼ ἀνέθηκε Δεινομένης πατρὸς μνῆμα Συρακοσίου· his son dedicated them as memorials of his father Deinomenes of Syracuse." A memorial dedication for Deinomenes of Syracuse refers to a historical figure and commemorative act.
8.42.10 1 other high τὸ δὲ ἕτερον λέγει τῶν ἐπιγραμμάτων· The other of the inscriptions says: Introduces a quoted inscription; purely referential/descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
8.42.10 2 other high υἱὸς μέν με Μίκωνος Ὀνάτας ἐξετέλεσσεν, νάσῳ ἐν Αἰγίνᾳ δώματα ναιετάων. "Onatas, son of Micon, dwelling in houses on the island of Aegina, completed me." Purely descriptive/antiquarian identification of the sculptor Onatas and his residence in Aegina; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.42.10 3 other high ἡ δὲ ἡλικία τοῦ Ὀνάτα κατὰ τὸν Ἀθηναῖον Ἡγίαν καὶ Ἀγελάδαν συμβαίνει τὸν Ἀργεῖον. According to the Athenian Hegias, the period of Onatas coincides with that of Ageladas the Argive. Chronological/art-historical remark about sculptors, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.42.11 1 other high ταύτης μάλιστα ἐγὼ τῆς Δήμητρος ἕνεκα ἐς Φιγαλίαν ἀφικόμην. It was chiefly for the sake of this Demeter that I came to Phigaleia. A travel statement explaining the author’s arrival at Phigaleia to see Demeter; it is route/intent, not a mythic or historical event.
8.42.11 2 other high καὶ ἔθυσα τῇ θεῷ, καθὰ καὶ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι νομίζουσιν, οὐδέν· τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων τῶν ἡμέρων τά τε ἄλλα καὶ ἀμπέλου καρπὸν καὶ μελισσῶν τε κηρία καὶ ἐρίων τὰ μὴ ἐς ἐργασίαν πω ἥκοντα ἀλλὰ ἔτι ἀνάπλεα τοῦ οἰσύπου, ἃ τιθέασιν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τὸν ᾠκοδομημένον πρὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, And I performed sacrifice to the goddess according to the custom followed by the inhabitants: they offer no animal victim, but instead place on the altar built in front of the cave fruits from cultivated trees, including grapes, as well as honeycombs from bees, and wool not yet worked but still full of oily grease. Describes local cult practice and altar offerings, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
8.42.11 3 other high θέντες δὲ καταχέουσιν αὐτῶν ἔλαιον, Having placed these things there, they pour oil upon them. Ritual/descriptive action of pouring oil, with no mythic or historical event.
8.42.11 4 other high ταῦτα ἰδιώταις τε ἀνδράσι καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Φιγαλέων τῷ κοινῷ καθέστηκεν ἐς τὴν θυσίαν. This manner of sacrifice is customary both for private individuals and annually as a communal rite among the people of Phigaleia. Describes a customary annual communal sacrifice in Phigaleia, which is ritual/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
8.42.12 1 other high ἱέρεια δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ἡ δρῶσα, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τῶν ἱεροθυτῶν καλουμένων ὁ νεώτατος· οἱ δέ εἰσι τῶν ἀστῶν τρεῖς ἀριθμόν. Their priestess performs the rites, together with the youngest of the so-called sacred sacrificers, who are three in number and drawn from the citizens. Describes priestly office and civic ritual personnel, a cultic/antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.42.12 2 other high ἔστι δὲ δρυῶν τε ἄλσος περὶ τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν ἄνεισιν ἐκ τῆς γῆς. Around the cave is a grove of oaks, and cold water rises up from the earth. Purely geographical/descriptive: a grove around the cave and a spring rising from the ground.
8.42.12 3 other high τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ὀνάτα ποιηθὲν οὔτε ἦν κατʼ ἐμὲ οὔτε εἰ ἐγένετο ἀρχὴν Φιγαλεῦσιν ἠπίσταντο οἱ πολλοί· As for the statue made by Onatas, it was not there in my time; nor were most people aware whether it had ever been there at Phigaleia from the beginning. A descriptive note about the statue's absence and uncertainty over its original presence, not a mythic or historical event.
8.42.13 1 other high τῶν δὲ ἐντυχόντων ἡμῖν ἔλεγεν ὁ πρεσβύτατος γενεαῖς πρότερον τρισὶν ἢ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖν ἐς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐκ τοῦ ὀρόφου πέτρας, ὑπὸ τούτων δὲ καταγῆναι καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἔφασκεν αὐτὸ ἀφανισθῆναι· The oldest among our guides informed us that three generations before his own time rocks had fallen from the roof onto the statue, shattering it and causing it to be completely destroyed. Describes a guide’s report of rocks falling on a statue, a landscape/monumentary event rather than mythic or historical narrative.
8.42.13 2 other high καὶ ἔν γε τῷ ὀρόφῳ δῆλα καὶ ἡμῖν ἔτι ἦν, καθὰ ἀπερρώγεσαν αἱ πέτραι. And in fact on the ceiling we too could still clearly see the places from which the stones had broken away. Describes visible remains in a building ceiling, a geographic/architectural observation rather than a mythic or historical event.