Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 8.49

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
8.49.1 1 other high οὐ πόρρω δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς θέατρόν τέ ἐστι καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ βάθρα εἰκόνων χαλκῶν, αὐταὶ δὲ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἔτι αἱ εἰκόνες· Not far from the marketplace there is a theater, and beside it pedestals which formerly bore bronze images; the statues themselves no longer remain. Describes the theater and surviving pedestals in the city; purely topographical/antiquarian.
8.49.1 2 historical high ἐλεγεῖον δὲ ἐφʼ ἑνὶ τῶν βάθρων ἐστὶ Φιλοποίμενος τὸν ἀνδριάντα εἶναι. Upon one of these pedestals there is an elegiac inscription stating that this was the statue of Philopoemen. Philopoemen is a historical figure, and the sentence describes an inscription identifying his statue.
8.49.1 3 historical high τούτου δὲ Ἕλληνες τοῦ Φιλοποίμενος οὐχ ἥκιστα ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλιστα ἔχουσι μνήμην, γνώμης τε ἕνεκα ἣν παρέσχετο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔργοις ὁπόσα ἐτόλμησε. This Philopoemen is remembered by the Greeks to an exceptional and indeed to the greatest degree, both for the wisdom he manifested and for the boldness he showed by his deeds. Philopoemen is a post-classical historical figure, and the sentence concerns his reputation for deeds and wisdom.
8.49.2 1 other high τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς γένους δόξαν ὁ πατήρ οἱ Κραῦγις Ἀρκάδων ἐλείπετο οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· As regards noble lineage, Philopoemen's father Kraugis was second to none among the Arcadians at Megalopolis. A genealogical/antiquarian statement about lineage and local status, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.49.2 2 historical high τελευτήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Κραύγιδος ἐπὶ παιδὶ ἔτι νηπίῳ τῷ Φιλοποίμενι, ἐπετρόπευσεν αὐτὸν ἀνὴρ Μαντινεὺς Κλέανδρος, φεύγων μὲν ἐκ Μαντινείας καὶ ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει μετοικῶν κατὰ τὴν οἴκοθεν συμφοράν, ξενίας δὲ ὑπαρχούσης αὐτῷ πατρικῆς ἐς οἶκον τὸν Κραύγιδος. But when Kraugis died while Philopoemen was still an infant boy, a Mantinean named Cleander served as his guardian, a man who had fled Mantinea and settled in Megalopolis owing to a domestic misfortune, and who had previous guest-friendship ties with the household of Kraugis. Refers to Philopoemen and his guardian Cleander, a biographical/historical detail after 500 BC.
8.49.2 3 other high διδασκάλοις δὲ ὁμιλῆσαι τὸν Φιλοποίμενα καὶ ἄλλοις καὶ Μεγαλοφάνει τε καὶ Ἐκδήλῳ λέγουσι· τοὺς δὲ Ἀρκεσιλάου φασὶν εἶναι Πιταναίου μαθητάς. It is said that Philopoemen studied under various teachers, among whom were Megalophanes and Ecdelus; these men are said to have been pupils of Arcesilaus of Pitane. Antiquarian biographical note about teachers and philosophical lineage, not mythic or historical event.
8.49.3 1 other high μέγεθος μὲν δὴ καὶ σώματος ῥώμην ἀπέδει Πελοποννησίων οὐδενός, τὸ δὲ εἶδος ἦν τοῦ προσώπου κακός· In terms of bodily size and physical strength he excelled beyond any of the Peloponnesians, but the appearance of his face was ugly. A physical description of a person; no mythic or historical event.
8.49.3 2 other high καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς στεφανίτας ἀγῶνας ὑπερεφρόνησεν ἀσκῆσαι, γῆν δὲ ἣν ἐκέκτητο ἐργαζόμενος οὐδὲ τὰ θηρία ἠμέλει τὰ ἄγρια ἐξαίρειν. He disdained to train for athletic crown-contests, but cultivated his own land and did not neglect to rid it even of wild beasts. Describes personal habits and land management, not a mythic or historical event.
8.49.3 3 other high ἐπιλέγεσθαι δὲ καὶ βιβλία φασὶν αὐτὸν σοφιστῶν τε τῶν εὐδοκιμούντων παρʼ Ἕλλησι καὶ ὅσα ἐς πολέμων μνήμην καὶ εἰ δή τι ἔχει διδασκαλίαν στρατηγημάτων· They say he also used to read books of the sophists popular among the Greeks as well as any works dealing with military history and books providing instruction in military tactics. Describes reading materials and interests, a literary/antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
8.49.3 4 historical high καταστήσασθαι δὲ τὸν βίον πάντα ἐθέλων γνώμης τῆς Ἐπαμινώνδου καὶ ἔργων εἶναι τῶν ἐκείνου μίμησιν, οὐ τὰ πάντα ἦν ἐξισωθῆναι δυνατός· Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ γὰρ τά τε ἄλλα ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ μάλιστα πρᾴως εἶχε τὰ ἐς ὀργήν, τῷ δὲ Ἀρκάδι μετῆν γε θυμοῦ. He willingly arranged his entire way of life around the thought and deeds of Epaminondas, striving to imitate him in every respect, though he could not equal Epaminondas in everything; for Epaminondas’ character possessed many virtues, especially a remarkable gentleness in moments of anger, whereas the Arcadian had a temperament rather prone to passion. Refers to Epaminondas and an Arcadian person in an evaluative biographical comparison; this is post-classical historical material, not mythic.
8.49.4 1 historical high καταλαβόντος δὲ Κλεομένους Μεγάλην πόλιν, Φιλοποίμην οὔτε τῆς συμφορᾶς ἐξεπλάγη τὸ ἀπροσδόκητον καὶ τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ τὰ δύο μάλιστα μέρη καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας ἀπέσωσεν ἐς Μεσσήνην, συμμάχων σφίσιν ἐν τῷ τότε καὶ εὔνων τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὄντων· But when Cleomenes captured Megalopolis, Philopoemen was not dismayed by the unexpected calamity; instead, he rescued the two most vulnerable groups among the population, namely the women and children, bringing them safely into Messene, since at that time the Messenians were both allies and friendly to them. Describes Philopoemen during Cleomenes' capture of Megalopolis, a historical event in the Hellenistic period.
8.49.4 2 historical high καὶ---ἦσαν γὰρ τῶν διαπεφευγότων οἷς ὁ Κλεομένης ἐπεκηρυκεύετο μεταγινώσκειν τε ἐπὶ τῷ τολμήματι καὶ πρὸς Μεγαλοπολίτας ἐθέλειν σπένδεσθαι κατιόντας ἐπὶ τὴν ἑαυτῶν --- Now, among those who had escaped, there were some whom Cleomenes was trying to persuade to reconsider their daring stance and to come to terms and make peace agreements with the Megalopolitans, so that they might return to their own homes. Refers to Cleomenes and his negotiation with the Megalopolitans, a post-500 BC historical event.
8.49.4 3 historical high ἔπεισεν ἐν κοινῷ τοὺς πολίτας ὁ Φιλοποίμην μεθʼ ὅπλων τὴν κάθοδον οἴκαδε εὑρίσκεσθαι μηδὲ ἐς ὁμολογίας τε καὶ σπονδὰς ἰέναι. But Philopoemen convinced the citizens collectively to return home only fully armed and to avoid entering into agreements or treaties altogether. Philopoemen is a Hellenistic historical figure; the sentence describes his political/military advice, not myth.
8.49.5 1 historical high γενομένης δὲ ἐν Σελλασίᾳ πρὸς Κλεομένην τε καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἣν Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν, σὺν δέ σφισι καὶ Ἀντίγονος ἐμαχέσατο ἄγων ἐκ Μακεδονίας στρατιάν, ἐτέτακτο μὲν τηνικαῦτα ὁ Φιλοποίμην ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν· When the battle at Sellasia took place against Cleomenes and the Lacedaemonians, in which the Achaeans with Arcadians from all their cities fought alongside Antigonus, who had brought an army from Macedonia, Philopoemen at that time was posted among the horsemen. Describes the Battle of Sellasia and Philopoemen’s role in it, a post-500 BC historical event.
8.49.5 2 historical high ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ πεζῷ τοῦ ἔργου τὸ πλεῖστον ἑώρα ληψόμενον τὴν κρίσιν, ὁπλίτης ἑκὼν ἐγένετο, However, when he saw that the decisive issue would largely depend upon the infantry, he voluntarily became a foot soldier. Refers to a person’s voluntary decision in a battle context, which is historical rather than mythic or descriptive.
8.49.5 3 historical low καὶ αὐτὸν λόγου κινδυνεύοντα ἀξίως τῶν τις ἐναντίων διʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπειρε τῶν μηρῶν. Fighting in a manner worthy of renown, he was wounded by one of his opponents, who drove a spear right through both his thighs. A combat wound in battle is a historical-style narrative detail rather than mythic or purely descriptive.
8.49.6 1 other high ὁ δὲ καὶ ἐς τοσοῦτο ὅμως πεπεδημένος τά τε γόνατα ἐνέκλινε καὶ ἐς τὸ πρόσω χωρεῖν ἐβιάζετο, ὥστε καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ποδῶν τοῦ κινήματος τὸ δόρυ ἔκλασεν· Nevertheless, although restrained even to such a degree, he bent his knees and struggled forward with such force that he broke the spear shaft against his legs in the movement. Descriptive narrative of movement and restraint, with no mythic or historical event.
8.49.6 2 historical high ἐπεὶ δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὁ Κλεομένης ἐκρατήθησαν καὶ ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἀνέστρεψε Φιλοποίμην, ἐνταῦθα ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων αὐτοῦ τῶν μηρῶν οἱ ἰατροὶ τῇ μὲν τὸν σαυρωτῆρα ἐξεῖλκον, τῇ δὲ τὴν αἰχμήν. After the Lacedaemonians and Cleomenes were overcome, and Philopoemen had returned to the camp, the physicians removed from both his thighs the spear-tip from one thigh and the butt-spike from the other. Describes Philopoemen after a battle with Cleomenes and the Lacedaemonians, a post-500 BC historical event.
8.49.6 3 historical high Ἀντίγονος δὲ ὡς ἐπύθετο καὶ εἶδεν αὐτοῦ τὰ τολμήματα, ἐποιεῖτο σπουδὴν ἐπάγεσθαι Φιλοποίμενα ἐς Μακεδονίαν. When Antigonus learned of this and saw his remarkable bravery, he was eager to persuade Philopoemen to accompany him into Macedonia. Philopoemen and Antigonus are Hellenistic historical figures; the sentence describes a historical interaction and movement into Macedonia.
8.49.7 1 historical high τῷ δὲ Ἀντιγόνου μὲν ὀλίγον μελήσειν ἔμελλε· περαιωσάμενος δὲ νηὶ ἐς Κρήτην---πόλεμος γὰρ κατεῖχεν αὐτὴν ἐμφύλιος--- ἐπετέτακτο ἡγεμὼν μισθοφόροις· He, indeed, had little care for Antigonus; sailing instead to Crete—for the island was then troubled by civil war—he was appointed commander of mercenary troops. Refers to Antigonus, Crete, and civil war/mercenary command in a historical context.
8.49.7 2 historical high ἐπανήκων δὲ ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ᾕρητο ἄρχειν καὶ τοῦ ἱππικοῦ, καὶ σφᾶς ἀρίστους Ἑλλήνων ἀπέφαινεν ἱππεύειν. Upon his return to Megalopolis, he was immediately chosen by the Achaeans to command their cavalry, and soon proved them the finest horsemen among the Greeks. Refers to an Achaean political/military appointment and cavalry command, a post-Classical historical event.
8.49.7 3 historical high Ἀχαιῶν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι συντεταγμένοι τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἦσαν περὶ Λάρισον μαχομένων ποταμὸν πρὸς Ἠλείους καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν ἐπικουροῦντας κατὰ συγγένειαν Ἠλείοις, πρῶτα μὲν Δημόφαντον ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτοχειρίᾳ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἡγεμόνα ὄντα τῆς ἵππου, δεύτερα δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο ἱππικὸν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν καὶ τῶν Ἠλείων ἐτρέψατο. Later, while the Achaeans and their allies fought around the river Larissus against the Eleans and the Aetolians aiding them out of kinship, he first personally slew Demophantus, commander of the enemy cavalry, and afterwards routed the rest of the cavalry of both the Aetolians and the Eleans. Describes a military engagement involving named peoples and commanders, a post-archaic historical event rather than myth.